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238 results for “Experimental testing”
Dreams4Cars Experimental data from Autonomous Test Vehicle
<p>The Horizon 2020 project Dreams4Cars (<a href="http://www.dreams4cars.eu">www.dreams4cars.eu</a>) has developed dream-like (offline) learning methods to be used for the development of Autonomous Driving and –more in general– as mechanisms to increase the Cognition abilities and Autonomy of robots. The purpose of dreamlike learning in Dreams4Cars is to deal with (possibly rare) dangerous events <em>synthetizing</em> correct behaviour and control without needing to experience the events, and more efficiently than via straightforward trial and errors. That is, to discover potential threats before they actually happen and prepare appropriate action strategies in advance.</p> <p>During the 3-years development process the project has collected and processed a wealth of experimental data from autonomous test vehicles. Parts of these data and advice how to use these data are made available to the public.</p> <p>The datasets and how they can be accessed is described in the attached report (project deliverable D5.5 Section 2), the datasets are provided in the ZIP-file.</p> <p><strong>Purpose of the Dataset</strong></p> <p>The data provided here have the purpose of demonstrating learning of forward models (the first building block of mental imagery and dreams). There are two sets of data: one for the lateral dynamics and another for the longitudinal dynamics. Each dataset has its own example of training of the corresponding forward model). Then following paper provides additional theoretical aspects: M. Da Lio, D. Bortoluzzi, e G. P. Rosati Papini, «Modelling longitudinal vehicle dynamics with neural networks», Vehicle System Dynamics, pagg. 1–19, lug. 2019, doi: <a href="http://10.1080/00423114.2019.1638947">10.1080/00423114.2019.1638947</a></p> <p><strong>Contacts:</strong></p> <p>Mauro Da Lio, University of Trento, <a href="mailto:mauro.dalio@unitn.it">mauro.dalio@unitn.it</a></p> <p>Elmar Berghoefer, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH, Elmar.Berghoefer@dfki.de</p> <p>Mehmed Yueksel, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH, Mehmed.Yueksel@dfki.de</p>
An experimental test of parasite adaptation to common vs. rare host genotypes
<p>A core hypothesis in coevolutionary theory proposes that parasites adapt to specifically infect common host genotypes. Under this hypothesis, parasites function as agents of negative frequency-dependent selection, favoring rare host genotypes. This parasite-mediated advantage of rarity is key to the idea that parasites maintain genetic variation and select for outcrossing in host populations. Here, we report the results of an experimental test of parasite adaptation to common vs. rare host genotypes. We selected the bacterial parasite <i>Serratia marcescens</i> to kill <i>C. elegans</i> hosts in uneven mixtures of host genotypes. To examine the effect of commonness itself, independent of host identity, each of four host genotypes was represented as common or rare in experimental host mixtures. After experimental selection, we evaluated a parasite line's change in virulence, the selected fitness trait, on its rare and common host genotypes. Our results were consistent with a slight advantage for rare host genotypes: on average, parasites lost virulence against rare genotypes but not against common genotypes. The response varied substantially, however, with distinct patterns across host genotype mixtures. These findings support the potential for parasites to impose negative frequency-dependent selection, while emphasizing that the cost of being common may vary with host genotype.</p>
Experimental data and videos of steel wide-flange and HSS columns tested under collapse-consistent loading histories
<p>The experimental dataset is comprised of the following items:</p> <p>(a) a <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0e8fafb8-f08d-4e19-8515-643b675faa1d/Suzuki_Lignos-2020-Experimental_Program.pdf">summary table</a> that contains the geometric and material parameters for each test specimen along with deduced quantities of interest with regard to the collapse behavior of each specimen;</p> <p>(b) the deduced experimental data of <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0e8fafb8-f08d-4e19-8515-643b675faa1d/Suzuki_Lignos-2020-Deduced_Data_Wide_Flange_Columns.xlsx">wide-flange specimens</a>;</p> <p>(c) the deduced experimental data of <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0e8fafb8-f08d-4e19-8515-643b675faa1d/Suzuki_Lignos-2020-Deduced_Data_HSS_Columns.xlsx">hollow structural shape (HSS) specimens</a>.</p> <p>The deduced data contains normalized axial shortening, chord rotation and deduced moment (without member p-delta).</p> <p>(d) The <a href="https://zenodo.org/api/files/0e8fafb8-f08d-4e19-8515-643b675faa1d/Suzuki_Lignos-2020-Experimental_Program.pdf">summary report of the experimental program</a> along with an appendix of photos of each specimen is included together with the dataset.</p> <p>(e) characteristic videos for each specimen that demonstrate the member performance through the loss of their lateral load carrying capacity.</p>
Quasi-static cyclic shear-compression tests on plastered rubble stone masonry walls - Experimental data
<p>This dataset contains quasi-static cyclic shear-compression tests on six large-scale rubble stone masonry walls plus two example point clouds created from two specimens.</p> <p> </p>
Database of experimental determinations of soil respiration in pine and spruce forests during the growing season of 2023 at the Lyalsky test site (middle taiga, northeast of the East European Plain)
<p>The data set includes the results of 342 measurements of CO2 emissions (SR, gС/m2/day) from the soil surface of coniferous ecosystems at the Lyalsky test site during the growing season (May-September) of 2023. The objects of the study were: pine forest (PS, Gleyic Folic Albic Podzol (Arenic)) and spruce forest (SM, Albic Retisols). The values of temperature (Ts, at a depth of 10 cm), moisture (Ms, in a layer of 0-5 cm) of the soil and air temperature (Ta) are also given.</p><p>The research was carried out by employees of the Institute of Biology of Komi Science Centre of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences as part of the most important innovative project of national importance "Development of a system for ground-based and remote monitoring of carbon pools and greenhouse gas fluxes in the territory of the Russian Federation, ensuring the creation of recording data systems on the fluxes of climate-active substances and the carbon budget in forests and other terrestrial ecological systems" (Registration number: 123030300031-6). </p>
An experimental test of the evolutionary consequences of sympatry in Drosophila subquinaria
<p>Prezygotic isolation is often stronger between sympatric as opposed to allopatric taxa, but the underlying cause can be difficult to infer from comparative studies alone. Experimental evolution, where evolutionary responses to treatments manipulating the presence/absence of heterospecific individuals are tracked, can provide a powerful complementary approach. We used experimental evolution to investigate a naturally occurring pattern of reproductive character displacement in the mushroom-feeding fly, <em>Drosophila subquinaria</em>. In nature, female <em>D. subquinaria</em> from populations sympatric with the closely related <em>D. recens</em> discriminate more strongly against heterospecific males than do females from allopatric populations. Starting with 16 replicate allopatric populations of <em>D. subquinaria,</em> we manipulated the presence/absence of <em>D. recens</em> during mating (experimental sympatry vs. control) and, when present, we allowed hybrids to live or killed them each generation. Across 12 generations, heterospecific offspring production from no-choice mating trials between <em>D. subquinaria</em> females and <em>D. recens</em> males declined in both experimental sympatry treatments relative to the control, suggesting increased sexual isolation. Male cuticular hydrocarbon profiles also evolved, but only in the hybrids killed treatment. Our results strongly imply that the existing reproductive character displacement in wild <em>D. subquinaria</em> populations was an evolutionary response to selection arising from secondary contact with <em>D. recens.</em></p>
Dataset: Testing for effects of growth rate on isotope trophic discrimination factors and evaluating the performance of Bayesian stable isotope mixing models experimentally: a moment of truth?
<p><span>Discerning assimilated diets of wild animals using stable isotopes is well established where potential dietary items in food webs are isotopically distinct. With the advent of mixing models, and Bayesian extensions of such models (Bayesian Stable Isotope Mixing Models, BSIMMs), statistical techniques available for these efforts have been rapidly increasing. The accuracy with which BSIMMs quantify diet, however, depends on several factors including uncertainty in tissue discrimination factors (TDFs; <em>Δ</em>) and identification of appropriate error structures. Whereas performance of BSIMMs has mostly been evaluated with simulations, here we test the efficacy of BSIMMs by raising domestic broiler chicks (<em>Gallus gallus domesticus</em>) on four isotopically distinct diets under controlled environmental conditions, ideal for evaluating factors that affect TDFs and testing how BSIMMs allocate individual birds to diets that vary in isotopic similarity. For both liver and feather tissues,<em> δ</em><sup>13</sup>C and <em>δ </em><sup>15</sup>N values differed among dietary groups. <em>Δ</em><sup>13</sup>C of liver, but not feather, was negatively related to the rate at which individuals gained body mass. For <em>Δ</em><sup>15</sup>N, we identified effects of dietary group, sex, and tissue type, as well as an interaction between sex and tissue type</span><span><span>, </span></span><span><span>with f</span></span><span>emales having higher liver <em>Δ</em><sup>15</sup>N relative to males. For both tissues, BSIMMs allocated most chicks to correct dietary groups, especially for models using combined TDFs rather than diet specific TDFs, and those applying a multiplicative error structure. These findings provide new information on how biological processes affect TDFs and confirm that adequately accounting for variability in consumer isotopes is necessary to optimize performance of BSIMMs. Moreover, they demonstrate experimentally that these types of models reliably characterize consumed diets when appropriately parameterized.<span> </span></span></p>
A model of digestive tooth corrosion in lizards: experimental tests and taphonomic implications
<p>Abstract </p><p>Corrosion patterns induced by gastric fluids on the skeleton of prey animals may depend on the nature of the corrosive agents (acid, enzymes) as well as on the composition of the hard parts and the soft tissues that surround them. We propose a framework for predicting and interpreting corrosion patterns on lizard teeth, our model system, drawing on the different digestive pathways of avian and non-avian vertebrate predators. We propose that high-acid, low-enzyme systems (embodied by mammalian carnivores) will lead to corrosion of the tooth crowns, whereas low-acid, high-enzyme systems (embodied by owls) will lead to corrosion of the tooth shafts. We test our model experimentally using artificial gastric fluids (with HCl and pepsin) and feeding experiments, and phenomenologically using wild-collected owl pellets with lizard remains. Finding an association between the predictions and the experimental results, we then examine corrosion patterns on nearly 900 fossil lizard jaws. Given an appropriate phylogenetic background, our focus on physiological rather than taxonomic classes of predators allows the extension of the approach into Deep Time.</p><p></p>
Hierarchy of fear: experimentally testing ungulate reactions to lion, African wild dog and cheetah
<p>Experiments have begun demonstrating that the fear (antipredator responses) large carnivores inspire in ungulates can shape ecosystem structure and function. Most such experiments have focused on the impacts of either just one large carnivore, or all as a whole, rather than the different impacts different large carnivores may have in intact multi-predator-prey systems. Experimentally testing the relative fearfulness ungulates demonstrate toward different large carnivores is a necessary first step in addressing these likely differing impacts. We tested the fearfulness ungulates demonstrated to audio playbacks of lions (<em>Panthera leo</em>), African wild dogs (<em>Lycaon pictus</em>), cheetahs (<em>Acinonyx jubatus</em>) or non-predator controls (birds), in Greater Kruger National Park, South Africa. Ungulates ran more to lions than wild dogs and more to wild dogs than cheetahs, demonstrating a very clear hierarchy of fear. Those that did not run were vigilant (looked toward the sound) more upon hearing large carnivores than controls, being most vigilant to lions. Notably, predator prey preferences did not predict the patterns observed. Our results demonstrate that different large carnivores inspire different levels of fear in their ungulate prey, pointing to differing community-level impacts, which we discuss in relation to the ongoing worldwide decline and loss of large carnivores.</p>
Experimental data: Low-velocity out-of-plane impact tests on double-wythe unreinforced brick masonry walls instrumented with optical measurements
<p>This dataset includes the results of laboratory impact tests conducted on natural-scale double-wythe unreinforced brick masonry walls. The walls were spanning vertically between two reinforced concrete slabs and were subjected to low-velocity drop-weight pendulum tests in which they were repeatedly hit until the opening of a breach in the center of the wall. The tests were instrumented with both hard-wired and optical measurements, the latter consisting of high-speed cameras and digital image correlation techniques. Investigated in these tests were the out-of-plane response of the walls and their capacity to resist the impacts. The axial load applied on the top of the walls was varied for two wall configurations and monitored throughout the tests to study the effect of arching on the failure mechanism produced and number of repeated hits needed to open the breach. Of interest was also the evidence of cracking, more specifically the way it initiated on the undamaged walls and next propagated upon consecutive hits. </p> <p>The data generated from the tests is made here available and documented to support further investigations on masonry structures subjected to extreme actions. The dataset includes four ZIP files, ordered from 01 to 05, along with an auxiliary PDF document describing the content and organization of the data. </p> <p>Test implementation and test results that are built upon this data are presented and discussed in the following research article:</p> <blockquote> <p><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0734743X23001082?via%3Dihub">Godio M, Flansbjer M, Williams Portal N (2023) Low-velocity out-of-plane impact tests on double-wythe unreinforced brick masonry walls instrumented with optical measurements, International Journal of Impact Engineering</a></p> </blockquote> <p>To cite this data in your work please refer to the article.</p> <p>The Authors</p>
FIGURE 4 in The effects of lithification on fossil assemblage biodiversity and composition: An experimental test
FIGURE 4. Rank abundance plots for the Bermont (A) and Fort Thompson (B) samples.
Experimental Evaluation of SA-MPC on the Precision Test Track
<p>This video presents the experimental evaluation of SA-MPC on the precision test track at Scania’s test track facilities located in Södertälje, Sweden, south of Stockholm.</p>
Experimental Evaluation of SA-MPC on the High-Speed Test Track
<p>This video presents the experimental evaluation of SA-MPC on the high-speed test track at Scania’s test track facilities located in Södertälje, Sweden, south of Stockholm.</p>
Data and Code for: An Experimental Test of Eco-evolutionary Dynamics on Rocky Shores
<p><span>Abstract: </span></p> <p><span>Despite a growing body of theoretical studies and laboratory experiments that have brought attention to the reciprocal impacts that ecological and evolutionary processes can have on one another, few studies have tested the importance of eco-evolutionary feedbacks in natural communities. We examined whether selection on natural phenotypic variation in a population of drilling dogwhelks (<em>Nucella canaliculata</em>) could impact rocky shore community dynamics. We performed a selection experiment raising newly-hatched dogwhelks on four diet treatments, reflecting natural variation in the abundance and shell thickness of prey species. Adult dogwhelks were tested in the laboratory on their ability to drill thick-shelled mussels. In addition, snails were outplanted to field cages to track the effects of dogwhelk phenotype on mussel bed succession. Despite our laboratory experiments suggesting that prey can impose selection and result in divergent consumer traits, successional patterns differed minimally based on the early-life diet of the dogwhelks.</span></p>
Data & Code from: Crop mixtures: does niche complementarity hold for belowground resources? an experimental test using rice genotypic pairs
<p>Data & Code for the study "Crop mixtures: does niche complementarity hold for belowground resources? an experimental test using rice genotypic pairs"</p> <p>Data:<br> "Rice_traits.csv": this file contains trait and productivity data measured at the individual plant level. It has one row per plant and one column per trait.</p> <p>Column headers:<br> "IDplant": unique plant identifier (1 to 200)<br> "IDpot": pot identifier with two plants per pot (1 to 100)<br> "Bloc": bloc identifier, with 20 pots per bloc (A, B, C, D, E)<br> "Treatment": P0 vs P+ = no P supply vs P supply<br> "Asso": pot type, either monoculture (M) or mixture (P)<br> "IDcouple": concatenation of the identifiers of the two genotypes in a pot (I64 = IR64, I64+=IR64 introgressed with QTL9, Pdi=Padi, Ktn=Ketan)<br> "IDgeno": focal genotype identifier (I64 = IR64, I64+=IR64 introgressed with QTL9, Pdi=Padi, Ktn=Ketan)<br> "IDnei": neighbour genotype identifier (I64 = IR64, I64+=IR64 introgressed with QTL9, Pdi=Padi, Ktn=Ketan)<br> "BIOM_above": aboveground biomass (g)<br> "Tillers": number of tillers<br> "PH": Plant height (cm)<br> "Biovolume": biovolume (m3)<br> "SLA": Specific Leaf Area (m2/kg)<br> "RB_top": Root biomass between 0 and 20 cm below the soil surface(g)<br> "RB_deep: Root biomass between 20 and 60 cm below the soil surface(g) (!!! Only measured at the pot-level)<br> "D_ad"/"D_bas": Mean root diameter (mm) of adventitious/basal roots, respectively<br> "SRL_ad"/"SRL_bas": Specific Root Length (m/g) of adventitious/basal roots, respectively<br> "RTD_ad"/"RTD_bas": Root Tissue Density (mg/cm3) of adventitious/basal roots, respectively<br> "RBI_ad"/"RBI_bas": Root Branching Intensity (nb tips/cm) of adventitious/basal roots, respectively<br> "PfR_ad"/"PfR_bas": Proportion of fine roots (diameter < 0.1 mm) (%) in adventitious/basal roots, respectively</p> <p>Code:<br> "Rice_mixtures_analysis.R": this file contains the main statisticl analysis presented in the study. It uses "Rice_traits.csv" as an input.</p> <p> </p>
Experimental gust response and flutter test of a wing with a fixed and a hinged wingtip
<p>Gust responses and flutter test of a wing with a hinged and a fixed wingtip. The experiments were performed at the Swansea University wind tunnel by Davide Balatti as part of his research. Additional information in:</p> <p>[1] D. Balatti, H.H. Khodaparast, M.I. Friswell, & M. Manolesos (2022). Aeroelastic model validation through wind tunnel testing of a wing with hinged wingtip. In International Forum on Aeroelasticity and Structural Dynamics (IFASD), Madrid (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361418631_AEROELASTIC_MODEL_VALIDATION_THROUGH_WIND_TUNNEL_TESTING_OF_A_WING_WITH_HINGED_WINGTIP)</p> <p>[2] Balatti, D., Khodaparast, H. H., Friswell, M. I., Manolesos, M., & Castrichini, A. Improving gust load alleviation performance of hinge wingtip using validated aeroelastic models. <em>Available at SSRN 4258795</em>.(https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4258795)</p>
Datasets for publication: FREEDA: an automated computational pipeline guides experimental testing of protein innovation
<p>Supplementary materials related to the article: Dudka D, Akins RB, Lampson MA (2023) FREEDA: an automated computational pipeline guides experimental testing of protein innovation. Journal of Cell Biology.</p> <p> </p> <p>The file includes FREEDA pipeline validation results: orthologue detection, comparison with previously published datasets, analysis of rodent centromere proteins and additional analyses of KIF4A, KIF4B, histone H4, MICA, MICB, NUP73 and HERC5. Manually aligned structural prediction models for MIS18A, MIS18B, AURKC, CENP-O and CENP-P are also included.</p>
Data for: Guppies in large groups cooperate more frequently in an experimental test of the group size paradox
<p><span class="s6">The volunteer's dilemma, in which a single individual is required to produce a public good, predicts that individuals in larger groups will cooperate less frequently. Mechanistically, this could result from trade-offs between costs associated with volunteering and costs incurred if the public good is not produced (nobody volunteers). During predator inspection, one major contributor to the cost of volunteering is likely increased probability of predation; however, a predator also poses a risk to all individuals if nobody inspects. We tested the prediction that guppies in larger groups will inspect a predator less than those in smaller groups. We also predicted that individuals in larger groups would perceive less threat from the predator stimulus because of the protective benefits of larger groups (</span><span class="s6">e.g.</span><span class="s6"> dilution). Contrary to prediction, we found that individuals in large groups inspected more frequently than those in smaller groups </span><span class="s6">but</span><span class="s6"> (as predicted) spent less time in refuges. There was evidence that individuals in intermediate-sized groups made the fewest inspections and spent the most time in refuges, suggesting that any link between group size, risk and cooperation is not driven by simple dilution. Extensions of theoretical models that capture these dynamics will likely be broadly applicable to risky cooperative behaviour.</span></p>
On the de novo emergence of ecological interactions during evolutionary diversification: A conceptual framework and experimental test
<p><span>Ecological interactions are crucial to the structure and function of biological communities, but we lack a causal understanding of the forces shaping their emergence during evolutionary diversification. Here we provide a conceptual framework linking different modes of diversification (e.g. ecological diversification), which depend on environmental characteristics, to the evolution of particular interactions (e.g. resource partitioning) in asexual lineages. We tested the framework by examining the net interactions in communities of <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> produced via experimental evolution in nutritionally simple (SIM) or complex (COM) environments by contrasting the productivity and competitive fitness of whole evolved communities relative to their component isolates. As expected, we found that nutritional complexity drove the evolution of communities with net positive interactions whereas SIM communities had similar performance as their component isolates. A follow-up experiment revealed that high fitness in two COM communities was driven by rare variants (frequency <0.1%) that antagonized PA14, the ancestral strain and common competitor used in fitness assays. Our study suggests that the evolution of <em>de novo</em> ecological interactions in asexual lineages is predictable at a broad scale from environmental conditions. Further, our work demonstrates that rare variants can disproportionately impact the function of relatively simple microbial communities.</span></p>
Testing the Addition of an Experimental Medication MK-3475 (Pembrolizumab) to Usual Anti-Retroviral Medications in Patients With HIV and Cancer
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02595866. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.