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opencc-by-4.0Feb 2016View details →

Figure 2 in Molecular evidence on evolutionary switching from particle-feeding to sophisticated carnivory in the calanoid copepod family Heterorhabdidae: drastic and rapid changes in functions of homologues

Figure 2. Phylogenetic tree based on the 18S + 28S rRNA genes of heterorhabdids. The numbers on branches indicate bootstrap values (maximum likelihood, ML) and posterior probability (Bayesian inference, BI). Two metridinids (Metridia effusa and Pleuromamma abdominalis) were chosen as the outgroup taxa. The star (Node ★) indicates the innovation of a poison-injection system.

opencc-zeroSep 2020View details →

Patient or family perceived deterioration in functional status and outcome after Intensive Care admission: a retrospective cohort analysis of routinely collected data

Objective: To explore the association of patient or family reported functional deterioration (defined by a single question) in the preceding year, with mortality outcome for those admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). Design: Retrospective observational analysis of a routinely collected data source. Participants: Patients that were admitted to the ICU at Northwick Park Hospital, London North West University Healthcare NHS Trust between 1/10/2017 to 15/6/2019 were included. Patients were excluded if they had a prior ICU admission during the existing hospital episode or if information on functional deterioration could not be retrieved from either the patient or their advocate. Primary Outcomes: Mortality at the point of hospital discharge and 1 year following admission to the ICU. Results: Of the 1006 patients who were admitted to the ICU during the study period, information on functional deterioration was available for 621 patients who were included in the analysis. From these, 251 (40.4%) patients had patient or family reported functional deterioration in the preceding year, whilst 370 (59.6%) patients had a perceived stable functional baseline. Comparing the two groups, mortality was significantly higher in those who had functionally deteriorated compared to those with stable baseline function, at the point of hospital discharge (45.4% versus 25.9%; P<0.0001) and at 1 year (59.4% versus 33.0%; P<0.0001). Conclusion: Patient or family reported functional deterioration was significantly associated with higher mortality at the point of hospital discharge and at 1 year. The concept of functional deterioration in the lead up to ICU admission warrants further exploration.

opencc-zeroDec 2015View details →

Data from: Evolution of the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinase gene family: Ancestral copy number and functional divergence of BAM1 and BAM2 in Brassicaceae

Gene duplication allows for functional divergence and innovation that provide selective advantages. However, in flowering plants genetic studies have revealed that single-gene mutations affecting one of two or more closely related paralogs often fail to cause detectable morphological defects, suggesting functional redundancy. Flowering plants have hundreds of genes encoding leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases (LRR-RLKs), several of which play important roles in anther development but little is known about their evolutionary history and possible functional divergence. We investigated the evolutionary relationship of the LRR-RLK gene family by phylogenetic analysis and found that these closely related paralogs resulted from multiple duplication events, such as the one resulting in BAM1 and BAM2. We further used qRT-PCR to verify gene expression changes in immature anthers from the bam1/bam2 single and double mutants compared with wild type providing strong evidence that the BAM1 and BAM2 genes have evolved different functions, with differential effects on anther gene expression. Moreover, careful examination of anther development in bam1 and bam2 single mutants revealed previously unrecognized extra cell division in tapetum cell layers. Thus our results from phylogenetic, molecular and morphological analyses uncover sequence and functional differences between paralogs whose single mutants lack obvious fertility defects, effectively revealing functional divergence of duplicate genes.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2019View details →

Figs 7–9 in An instance of intergeneric copulation in the family Rhopalidae (Heteroptera): structure, functioning and congruence of the genitalia in two different species from the standpoint of the lock-and-key hypothesis

Figs 7–9. Aedeagus of Corizus hyoscy- ami, sequential stages of inflation. 7, most initial stage; 8, intermediate stage; 9, final stage of complete inflation. Wet (7, 8) and dry (9) preparations in ventral (7) and dorsal (8, 9) views. a.p.v, apical part of vesica; ar.s, articular sclerite; d-l.l, dorso-lateral lobes of conjunctiva; ej.r, ejaculatory reservoir; l.l.v, left lobe of basal part of vesica; r.l.v, right lobe of basal part of vesica; s.gp, secondary gonopore. Scale bar: 0.14 mm.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2022View details →

Figs 15–17 in Functional morphology of the male genitalia of the family Autostichidae (Lepidoptera) with description of a new genus and a new species from the Russian Far East

Figs 15–17. Oegoconia quadripuncta, functional morphology of the male genitalia (after Kuznetzov & Stekolnikov, 1978). 15 – ventral view; 16 – uncus, tegumen and gnathos, lateral

Figure 3 from: Gade G, Marco H (2011) The adipokinetic hormone family in Chrysomeloidea: structural and functional considerations. ZooKeys 157: 81-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.157.1433

Figure 3 - LC-MS analysis of an extract from the corpora cardiaca of Chrysolina kuesteri. Material from the CC of the chrysomelid beetle, Chrysolina kuesteri was extracted with 80% methanol and analysed by LC-MS. (A) The total ion chromatogram. Full scan positive ESI mass spectra of the peaks shown in (A) with a retention time of 5.02 min (B), 5.23 min (C) and 5.36 min (D).

Figure 4 from: Gade G, Marco H (2011) The adipokinetic hormone family in Chrysomeloidea: structural and functional considerations. ZooKeys 157: 81-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.157.1433

Figure 4 - The collision-induced dissociation ESI mass spectrum of an AKH peptide in Chrysolina kuesteri, and its deduced amino acid sequence. The CID MS2 ESI spectrum of the ion MH+ at m/z 987.5 (see Fig. 3D). The inset shows the sequence of the assigned peptide (corresponding to that of Emppe-AKH), together with the theoretical calculated masses for b-type and y-type diagnostic fragment ions which are observed in the MS2 mass spectrum.

Figure 6 from: Gade G, Marco H (2011) The adipokinetic hormone family in Chrysomeloidea: structural and functional considerations. ZooKeys 157: 81-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.157.1433

Figure 6 - Putative molecular evolution of adipokinetic peptides in chrysomeloid beetles. A proposed scheme of the molecular evolution of adipokinetic peptides to give rise to the different structures observed in investigated chrysomeloid beetles. The inset shows the genetic code for the respective amino acids involved. Differences in amino acids or code nucleotides are given in bold lettering.

Figure 5 from: Gade G, Marco H (2011) The adipokinetic hormone family in Chrysomeloidea: structural and functional considerations. ZooKeys 157: 81-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.157.1433

Figure 5 - The collision-induced dissociation ESI mass spectrum of an additional putative AKH peptide in Chrysolina kuesteri, and its deduced amino acid sequence. The CID MS2 ESI spectrum of the ion MH+ at m/z 1031.5 (see Fig. 3C). The inset shows the sequence of the assigned peptide (corresponding to an intermediate processing form of Peram-CAH-I, i.e. a non-amidated nonapeptide with a Gly residue at position 9). Also shown are the theoretical calculated masses for b-type and y-type diagnostic fragment ions which are observed in the MS2 mass spectrum.

Figure 2 from: Gade G, Marco H (2011) The adipokinetic hormone family in Chrysomeloidea: structural and functional considerations. ZooKeys 157: 81-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.157.1433

Figure 2 - The collision-induced dissociation ESI mass spectrum of an AKH peptide in Ceroplesis capensis, and its deduced amino acid sequence. The CID MS2-ESI spectrum of the ion MH+ (m/z 973.5) in Fig. 1B. The inset shows the assigned peptide sequence (corresponding to that of Peram-CAH-I), together with the theoretical calculated masses for b-type and y-type diagnostic fragment ions which are observed in the MS2 mass spectrum.

Figure 1 from: Gade G, Marco H (2011) The adipokinetic hormone family in Chrysomeloidea: structural and functional considerations. ZooKeys 157: 81-94. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.157.1433

Figure 1 - LC-MS analysis of an extract from the corpora cardiaca of Ceroplesis capensis. Material from the CC of the cerambycid beetle, Ceroplesis capensis was extracted with 80% methanol and analysed by LC-MS. A The total ion chromatogram B A full scan positive electrospray ionisation (ESI) mass spectrum of the peak shown in (A) with a retention time of 5.40 min.

controlledIPD-YESFeb 2026View details →

ClinicalTrials.gov28/100

2-Hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) to Reduce HDL Modification and Improve HDL Function in Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH)

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04941599. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

ClinicalTrials.gov28/100

The Effects Of Bronchodilator Therapy On Respiratory And Autonomic Function In Patients With Familial Dysautonomia

ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01987219. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.

restrictedIPD-UNDECIDEDFeb 2026View details →

publicNov 2019View details →

Expression Analysis and Functional Characterization of CER1 Family Genes Involved in Very-LongChain Alkanes Biosynthesis in Brachypodium distachyon

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