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81 results for “Fish behavior”
Data for fish foraging and anti-predator escape behavior
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Data for: Multiple behavioral mechanisms shape development in a highly social cichlid fish
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Environmental impacts on visual perception modulate behavioral responses of schooling fish to looming predators
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Size-selective mortality induces evolutionary changes in group risk-taking behavior and the circadian system in a fish
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Data from: Presence of same-sex kin promotes explorative behavior in subadult cichlid fish
<p>While the importance of kin discrimination, i.e. kin recognition and subsequent differential treatment of kin and non-kin, is well established for kin-directed cooperation or altruism, the role of kin discrimination in the context of kin competition and kin avoidance is largely unexplored. Theory predicts that individuals avoiding competition with kin should be favored by natural selection due to indirect fitness benefits. Using an experimental approach, we investigated whether the presence of same-sex kin affects avoidance and explorative behavior in subadult <i>Pelvicachromis taeniatus</i>, a West African cichlid fish with strong intra-sexual competition in both sexes. <i>P. taeniatus</i> is capable of recognizing kin using phenotype matching and shows kin discrimination in diverse contexts. When exposed to a same-sex conspecific, both males and females tended to interact less with the related opponent. Moreover, individuals explored a novel environment faster after exposure to kin than to nonkin. This effect was more pronounced in females. Individuals avoiding the proximity of same-sex relatives may reduce kin competition over resources such as mating partners or food.</p>
Parasite infestation influences life-history but not boldness behavior in placental live-bearing fish
<p>Parasites can negatively affect the reproductive success of hosts. Placental species may be particularly susceptible, because parasite-induced stress during pregnancy could potentially influence embryo development. Here we examine the consequences of a trematode infestation (black spot disease, BSD) for fetal development and adult behavior in 19 natural populations of the placental live-bearing fish species <i>Poeciliopsis retropinna </i>(Poeciliidae)<i> </i>in Costa Rica. First, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among populations which correlated with a number of local environmental conditions (elevation, river width, depth, and flow velocity). Furthermore, we observed substantial variation in parasite infestation among females within populations associated with maternal age and size. We found that the infestation rate significantly influenced embryonic development, with more heavily parasitized females producing smaller and worse-conditioned offspring at birth, possibly because a costly immune response during pregnancy limits, either directly or indirectly, nourishment to developing embryos. Finally, a behavioral experiment in the field showed that the infestation rate did not affect an individual's boldness. Our study indicates that in placental live-bearing fish parasite infestation leads to reduced embryo provisioning during pregnancy, resulting in a smaller offspring size and quality at birth potentially with negative implications for offspring fitness.</p>
Data from: A comparative analysis of the behavioral response to fishing boats in two albatross species
Anthropogenic food resources have significantly modified the foraging behavior of many animal species. They enhance large multi-specific aggregations of individuals, with strong ecological consequences. It is challenging to predict how individuals or species can differ in their reaction to these resources. For instance, there are wide variations in seabird species abundance behind fishing boats, and individual variations in interaction rates. Whether this is reflecting variations in fine-scale encounter rates or rather variations in attraction strength is poorly quantified. Here we compare the response of Wandering (WA) and Black-browed (BBA) albatrosses to fishing boats operating in sub-Antarctic waters. We use GPS tracking data from both birds and boats (Vessel Monitoring System). Attraction distances were similar between the 2 species (up to 30 km). BBA foraged further from fishing grounds and encountered boats less frequently than WA, but once they encountered a boat BBA were more strongly attracted (80% vs. 60% chance) and had a higher level of active interaction, compared to WA. Furthermore, in the absence of boats, BBA were rarely observed foraging over the habitat where the fisheries mainly operate, in contrast with WA. We thus report qualitative and quantitative differences in the response of these 2 species to the same fishing fleet. WA, the larger, more dominant and more generalist species was unexpectedly less attracted to fishing vessels. Comparing our results with previously published studies, we suggest that energetic requirements of individuals may be a crucial predictor for assessing risks of interactions with anthropogenic food resources.
Data from: Behavioral tactic predicts preoptic-hypothalamic gene expression more strongly than developmental morph in fish with alternative reproductive tactics
Reproductive success relies on the coordination of social behaviors, such as territory defense, courtship, and mating. Species with extreme variation in reproductive tactics are useful models for identifying the neural mechanisms underlying social behavior plasticity. The plainfin midshipman (Porichthys notatus) is a teleost fish with two male reproductive morphs that follow widely divergent developmental trajectories and display alternative reproductive tactics (ARTs). Type I males defend territories, court females, and provide paternal care, but will resort to cuckoldry if they cannot maintain a territory. Type II males reproduce only through cuckoldry. We sought to disentangle gene expression patterns underlying behavioral tactic, in this case ARTs, from those solely reflective of developmental morph. Using RNA-sequencing, we investigated differential transcript expression in the preoptic area-anterior hypothalamus (POA-AH) of courting type I males, cuckolding type I males, and cuckolding type II males. Unexpectedly, POA-AH differential expression was more strongly coupled to behavioral tactic than morph. This included a suite of transcripts implicated in hormonal regulation of vertebrate social behavior. Our results reveal that divergent expression patterns in a conserved neuroendocrine center known to regulate social-reproductive behaviors across vertebrate lineages may be uncoupled from developmental history to enable plasticity in the performance of reproductive tactics.
Data from: Repeated evolution of amphibious behavior in fish and its implications for the colonization of novel environments
We know little about on how frequently transitions into new habitats occur, especially the colonization of novel environments that are the most likely to instigate adaptive evolution. One of the most extreme ecological transitions has been the shift in habitat associated with the move from water to land by amphibious fish. We provide the first phylogenetic investigation of these transitions for living fish. Thirty-three families have species reported to be amphibious and these are likely independent evolutionary origins of fish emerging onto land. Phylogenetic reconstructions of closely related taxa within one of these families, the Blenniidae, inferred as many as seven convergences on a highly amphibious lifestyle. Taken together, there appear to be few constraints on fish emerging onto land given amphibious behavior has evolved repeatedly many times across ecologically diverse families. The colonization of novel habitats by other taxa resulting in less dramatic changes in environment should be equally, if not, more frequent in nature, providing an important prerequisite for subsequent adaptive differentiation.
Data from: Evolutionary impact of size-selective harvesting on shoaling behavior: Individual-level mechanisms and possible consequences for natural and fishing mortality
<p>Intensive and size-selective harvesting is an evolutionary driver of life-history as well as individual behavioral traits. Yet, whether and to what degree harvesting modifies the collective behavior of exploited species is largely unknown. We present a multi-generation harvest selection experiment with zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio)</em> as a model species to understand the effects of size-selective harvesting on shoaling behavior. The experimental system is based on a large-harvested (typical of most wild capture fisheries targeting larger size classes) and small-harvested (typical of specialized fisheries and gape-limited predators targeting smaller size classes) selection lines. By combining high resolution tracking of fish behavior with computational agent-based modeling we show that shoal cohesion changed in the direction expected by a trade-off between individual vigilance and the use of social cues. In particular, we document a decrease of individual vigilance in the small-harvested line, which was linked to an increase in the attention to social cues, favoring more cohesive shoals. Opposing outcomes were found for the large-harvested line, which formed less cohesive shoals. Using the agent-based model we outline possible consequences of changes in shoaling behavior for both fishing and natural mortality. The changes in shoaling induced by large size-selective harvesting may decrease fishing mortality, but increase mortality by natural predators. Our work suggests an insofar overlooked evolutionary mechanism by which size-selective harvesting can affect fishing and natural mortality of exploited fish.</p>
Scripts and metadata of the manuscript: Characterization of tmt-opsin2 in medaka fish provides insight into the interplay of light and temperature for behavioral regulation
<p>One of the big challenges in the study of animal behavior is to combine the molecular-level questions of functional genetics, typically performed in the lab, with meaningful combinations of environmental stimuli. Light and temperature are important external cues, influencing the behaviors of organisms. Thus, understanding the combined effect of light and temperature changes on wildtype versus genetically modified animals is a first step to understand the role of individual genes in the ability of animals to cope with changing environments.</p> <p>Many behavioral traits can be extrapolated from behavioral tests performed from automated motion tracking combined with machine learning. The acquired datasets, typically complex and large, can be challenging for subsequent quantitative analyses.</p> <p>Here we investigate medaka behavior of <em>tmt-opsin2</em> mutants versus corresponding wildtypes under different light and temperature conditions using automated tracking combined with a convolutional neuronal network and a Hidden Markov model-based approach. The temperatures in this study can occur in summer versus fall/winter in the natural habitat of medakafish. Under summer-like temperature, <em>tmt-opsin2</em> mutants did not exhibit changes in overall locomotion, consistent with previous observations. However, detailed analyses of fish position revealed that <em>tmt-opsin2 </em>mutants spent more time in central locations of the dish, possibly due to decreased anxiety. Furthermore, a clear difference in location and overall movement was obvious between mutant and wildtypes under colder conditions. These data indicate a role of <em>tmt-opsin2 </em>in behavioral adjustment, at least in part depending on the season.</p>
Data from: Predatory fish sounds can alter crab foraging behavior and influence bivalve abundance
The risk of predation can have large effects on ecological communities via changes in prey behaviour, morphology and reproduction. Although prey can use a variety of sensory signals to detect predation risk, relatively little is known regarding the effects of predator acoustic cues on prey foraging behaviour. Here we show that an ecologically important marine crab species can detect sound across a range of frequencies, probably in response to particle acceleration. Further, crabs suppress their resource consumption in the presence of experimental acoustic stimuli from multiple predatory fish species, and the sign and strength of this response is similar to that elicited by water-borne chemical cues. When acoustic and chemical cues were combined, consumption differed from expectations based on independent cue effects, suggesting redundancies among cue types. These results highlight that predator acoustic cues may influence prey behaviour across a range of vertebrate and invertebrate taxa, with the potential for cascading effects on resource abundance.
Innate anti-predator behavior can promote infection in fish even in the absence of predators
<p>Natural enemies - predators and parasites - largely shape the dynamics of ecosystems. It is known that anti-predator and anti-parasite defense can be mutually conflicting, however consequences of this trade-off for the regulation of infection burden in animals are still poorly understood. We hypothesize that even in the absence of cues from predators, innate anti-predator behavior ("ghost of predation past") interferes with defense against parasites and can enhance the infection risk. As a case study, we explore interactions between a commercial species, the rainbow trout <i>Oncorhynchus mykiss,</i> and its parasite, the trematode eye-fluke <em><span>Diplostomum pseudospathaceum. </span></em>Fish-parasite interactions were tested in compartmentalized tanks where shelters and parasites were presented in different combinations providing various conditions for microhabitat choice and territorial behavior. Shelters were attractive and contestable despite the absence of predators and presence of parasites. The individuals fighting for shelters acquired more than twice the number of cercariae as compared to those in infected shelter-free compartments. Most infected were subordinate fish with a higher ventilation rate. Fish possessing shelters were less vulnerable to parasites than fighting fish. Grouping reduced the infection load, although less efficiently than sheltering. Our data demonstrate that the innate anti-predator behavior can undermine anti-parasite tactics of the fish and result in higher infection rates. Using our empirical results, we construct a mathematical model which predicts that enriching the environment in fish farming will be beneficial only when a large number of shelters is provided. Using insufficient number of shelters will increase the parasite burden in the fish.</p>
Predation shapes behavioral lateralization: insights from an adaptive radiation of livebearing fish
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Hemispheric brain lateralization can drive the expression of behavioral asymmetry, or laterality, which varies notably both within and among species. To explain these left–right behavioral asymmetries in animals, predator-mediated selection is often invoked. Recent studies have revealed that a relatively high degree of lateralization correlates positively with traits known to confer survival benefits against predators, including escape performance, multitasking abilities, and group coordination. Yet, we still know comparatively little about 1) how consistently predators shape behavioral lateralization, 2) the importance of sex-specific variation, and 3) the degree to which behavioral lateralization is heritable. Here, we take advantage of the model system of the radiation of Bahamas mosquitofish (<i>Gambusia hubbsi) </i>and measure behavioral lateralization in<i> </i>hundreds of wild fish<i> </i>originating from multiple blue holes that differ in natural predation pressure. Moreover, we estimated the heritability of this trait using laboratory-born fish from one focal population. We found that the degree of lateralization but not the particular direction of lateralization (left or right) differed significantly across high and low predation risk environments. Fish originating from high-predation environments were more strongly lateralized, especially females. We further confirmed a genetic basis to behavioral lateralization in this species, with significant additive genetic variation in the population examined. Our results reveal that predation risk represents one key ecological factor that has likely shaped the origin and maintenance of this widespread behavioral phenomenon, even potentially explaining some of the sex-specific patterns of laterality recently described in some animals. </span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Olfactory cues of risk and visual cues of safety interact with familiarity and phylogeny in shaping behavioral responses by littoral fishes
<p>Prey incorporate information reliability when assessing risk of predation. Here, we report results of an experiment testing avoidance of chemical alarm cues derived from skin extract of blacknose shiners, <em>Notropis</em> <em>heterolepis</em> (BNS), attraction of a visible shoal of five BNS, and the combination of both, on fishes in Deming Lake where BNS occur. We then repeated the experiment in nearby Budd Lake where BNS do not occur. BNS avoided traps with conspecific alarm cues but did not respond to the presence of BNS shoals. Fathead minnows, <em>Pimephales</em> <em>promelas</em> (FHM) avoided traps chemically labeled with BNS alarm cue when a shoal was absent and avoided BNS shoals when traps were labeled with water (control). When both BNS alarm cue and BNS shoal were combined, antipredator response to BNS alarm cue invoked a shoaling response with the BNS shoal in the trap. Redbelly dace, <em>Chrysomus</em> <em>eos</em> (RBD) responded weakly to BNS cues in Deming Lake and ignored them in Budd Lake. Non-cyprinid species (brook stickleback <em>Culaea</em> <em>inconstans</em> and pumpkinseed sunfish, <em>Lepomis</em> <em>gibbosus</em>) did not respond to either olfactory or visual cues of BNS in Deming Lake. In Budd Lake, neither avoidance of BNS alarm cue nor attraction to BNS shoals surpassed the threshold of statistical significance, indicating a role of familiarity and learned recognition of risk and safety in cross-species reactions to olfactory and visual cues of heterospecifics.</p>
Data from: Presence of same-sex kin promotes explorative behavior in subadult cichlid fish
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Repeated evolution of amphibious behavior in fish and its implications for the colonization of novel environments
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Parasite infestation influences life-history but not boldness behavior in placental live-bearing fish
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Innate anti-predator behavior can promote infection in fish even in the absence of predators
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Scripts and metadata of the manuscript: Characterization of tmt-opsin2 in medaka fish provides insight into the interplay of light and temperature for behavioral regulation
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.