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Fig. 3 in Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: impoundment effects

Fig. 3. Proportion in number and biomass (CPUE) of the trophic guilds along the longitudinal gradient of the Salto Caxias Reservoir, Iguaçu River, before and after the impoundment. (1 = upstream; 2 = middle region; 3 = dam; 4 = downstream) (Alg = algivores; Det = detritivores; Her = herbivores; Ain = aquatic insectivores; Tin = terrestrial insectivores; Inv = invertivores; Omn = omnivores; Pis = piscivores; Pla = planktivores; Car = carcinophages).

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Fig. 1 in Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: impoundment effects

Fig. 1. Location of sampling sites along the longitudinal gradient of the Iguaçu River, in the area influenced by the Salto Caxias Reservoir, Paraná State. a) before the impoundment; b) after the impoundment. (site 1 = upstream; site 2 = middle region; site 3 = dam; site 4 = downstream).

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Fig. 2 in Diet and trophic structure of the fish fauna in a subtropical ecosystem: impoundment effects

Fig. 2. Graphical representation of the first two axes of the Nonmetric multidimensional scaling (nNMDS), demonstrating the food resources used by the fish fauna in the different sites and phases, in the area influenced by the Salto Caxias Reservoir, Iguaçu River. FR = Food resources (AI = aquatic insects; TI = terrestrial insects; DE = decapods; MC = microcrustaceans; MA = macroinvertebrates; MI = microinvertebrates; FI = fish; FS = fish scales; AP = aquatic plants; TP = terrestrial plants; AL = algae; DS = detrit/sediment); B = before impoundment, A = after impoundment; 1 to 4 = sampling sites.

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Fig. 4 in The role of vegetated areas on fish assemblage of the Paraná River floodplain: effects of different hydrological conditions

Fig. 4. NMDS ordination of dominant fish for different hydrologic condition (HW = high water, FW receding water, IS isolation) and sites (S). Ope = Odontostilbe pequira, Cvo = Cyphocharax voga, Spi = Serrapinnus calliurus, Abi = Astyanax bimaculatus, Pli = Prochilodus lineatus, Mdi = Moenkhausia dichroura, Gba = Gymnogeophagus balzanii, Rbo = Roeboides microlepis, Opa = Odontostilbe paraguayensis, Dte = Diapoma terofali.

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Fig. 2 in The role of vegetated areas on fish assemblage of the Paraná River floodplain: effects of different hydrological conditions

Fig. 2. Water level fluctuations of the Paraná River at Corrientes between 1997 and 2001. The Sites were connected with the Paraná River above the hydrological level indicated by the horizontal lines. The number of flooding days (in parentheses) indicates the connectivity between the floodplain and the river channel.

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Fig. 3 in The role of vegetated areas on fish assemblage of the Paraná River floodplain: effects of different hydrological conditions

Fig. 3. Cluster analysis based on Jaccard distance (UPGMA method) of fish assemblages in the seven floodplain lakes. A. March 1999 (after a long lasting inundation phase of the Paraná River), B-September 1999 (at receding water) and C- February 2000 (during isolation).

Figure 2 in Effects of dams on demographic structures of amphidromous fish and crustacean species in Caribbean rivers

Figure 2. – Individual number histograms of each species broken down by size classes (mm) (left chart) and cohort extraction (right chart) downstream of the Grand Carbet River in March. Right chart: red curves are each cohort extracted by the model; green curve is the cumulative individual number in the modelled age groups.

Figure 1 in Effects of dams on demographic structures of amphidromous fish and crustacean species in Caribbean rivers

Figure 1. – Map of Guadeloupe with the three sampled rivers (bold lines) and study sites: downstream and upstream the water intakes (●) and the first riffle from the mouth of the rivers (Ì).

Figure 7 in Effects of dams on demographic structures of amphidromous fish and crustacean species in Caribbean rivers

Figure 7. – Individual number histograms of each species broken down by size classes (mm) for the three stations (top chart) and porosity chart of the Moreau River water intake (bottom chart). Bottom chart: dotted black line indicates 50% crossing; dotted grey lines indicate the mean crossing rate for these size classes. The size of the downstream and upstream populations of Macrobrachium faustinum and M. heterochirus are too small and fragmented to be presented.

Figure 4 in Effects of dams on demographic structures of amphidromous fish and crustacean species in Caribbean rivers

Figure 4. – Individual number histograms of each species broken down by size classes (mm) (left chart) and cohort extraction (right chart) downstream of the Moreau River in June. Right chart: red curves are each cohort extracted by the model; green curve is the cumulative individuals' number in the modelled age groups. No Macrobrachium heterochirus were caught.

Figure 6 in Effects of dams on demographic structures of amphidromous fish and crustacean species in Caribbean rivers

Figure 6. – Individual number histograms of each species broken down by size classes (mm) for the three stations (top chart) and porosity chart of the Pérou River water intake (bottom chart). Bottom chart: arrow indicates the optimal size at crossing; dotted black line indicates 50% crossing; dotted grey lines indicate the mean crossing rate for these size classes. The size of the downstream and upstream population of Macrobrachium faustinum is too small and fragmented to be presented.

Fig. 2 in Hydropeaking effects of on the diet of a Neotropical fish community

Fig. 2. Results from multivariate analysis nMDS (nonmetric multidimensional scaling) for fish collected in January and July 2010, downstream from Itutinga Dam, Grande River, in the four flow rate treatments (1 - constant flow rate in January; 2 - hydropeaking in January; 3 - constant flow rate in July; 4 - hydropeaking in July).

Fig. 1 in Hydropeaking effects of on the diet of a Neotropical fish community

Fig. 1. Schematic drawing of the Grande River basin upstream from Furnas Reservoir. The study area is highlighted by a black circle.

Fig. 4 in Hydropeaking effects of on the diet of a Neotropical fish community

Fig. 4. Relationship among the diet dissimilarity between seasons and diet dissimilarity stable and hydropeaking treatments in January (a) and July (b). Line is representing a linear correlation. Correlation values (r and p) are indicated. Aa= Apareiodon affinis; Aal= Astyanax altiparanae; Af= Astyanax fasciatus; Bs= Bryconamericus stramineus; Cn= Cyphocharax nagelii; Ev= Eigenmmania virescens; Hy1= Hypostomus sp.1; Hym= Hypostomus aff. margaritifer; Ihe= Iheringichthys labrosus; Km= Knodus moenkhausii; La= Leporinus amblyrhynchus; Lo= Leporinus octofasciatus; Pa= Piabina argentea; Pm= Pimelodus maculatus; Sn= Schizodon nasutus.

Fig. 3 in Hydropeaking effects of on the diet of a Neotropical fish community

Fig. 3. Average frequency of occurrence of food items in the analyzed treatments based on SIMPER analysis, downstream from Itutinga Dam, Grande River. a - Assemblage level; b - Invertivores guild; c - Iliophagous guild; d - Generalists guild; e - Herbivores guild.

Fig. 1 in Effect of water temperature and prey concentrations on initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a freshwater fish

Fig. 1. Total length of Lophiosilurus alexandri after 15 days of exogenous feeding. The graph "A" and "B" showed the best temperature for the prey concentration P 700 and P 1,300, respectively.

Fig. 2 in Effect of water temperature and prey concentrations on initial development of Lophiosilurus alexandri Steindachner, 1876 (Siluriformes: Pseudopimelodidae), a freshwater fish

Fig. 2. Mean body weight of Lophiosilurus alexandri after 15 days of exogenous feeding. Different letters represent significant differences (P<0.05) among temperatures (a, b, c and d) and prey concentrations (x and y).

Fig. 6 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 6. Most important ecomorphological attributes for Brycon orbignyanus in the morphological differentiation among treatments, according to the ANOVA and the DCA, concomitantly. Treatments with a different letter above their ranges differed significantly.

Fig. 3 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 3. Condition factors (CFs) for Prochilodus lineatus and Brycon orbignyanus. The ANOVA was significant for both species (p <0.0001), demonstrating significant differences among the treatments. The results of the Tukey tests specifying which CFs were different from each other is demonstrated by the letters A, B, and C. Different letters indicate significant differences among the treatments.

Fig. 5 in The effect of structural enrichment in hatchery tanks on the morphology of two neotropical fish species

Fig. 5. Most important ecomorphological attributes for Prochilodus lineatus in the morphological differentiation among treatments, according to the ANOVA and the DCA, concomitantly. Treatments with a different letter above their ranges differed significantly.