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Figure 8 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 8. Dendogram of Jaccard similarities among habitats (paired group), cophenetic correlation: 0.924 (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).

Figure 7 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 7. Heterogeneity of the forest sites using Whittaker's index (For site abbreviations, see Table 1).

Figure 3 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 3. Correlation analysis between environmental parameters measured at each station. Scale colors and corresponding written values in the plot indicate Pearson's coefficients (For details see text).

Figure 1 in Assessment of terrestrial snails' diversity and composition in six forests of west central - Morocco along an altitudinal gradient

Figure 1. Photographs of the forest sites (ED: Essaouira Dunes; TL: Tlat Lhanchane; Our: Ourika; Azg: Azgour; Tam: Tamadout; Ouk: Oukaimeden). The pictures have been photographed by Guennoun F.Z. (2021).

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2019View details →

Fig. 23. Forest Fires. The scene after a in The herpetofauna of Coahuila, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status

Fig. 23. Forest Fires. The scene after a forest fire in the vicinity of Arteaga, in the municipality of Arteaga. Photo by Manuel Nevárez de los Reyes.

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2020View details →

Fig. 7. Forest fires. A in The herpetofauna of Hidalgo, Mexico: composition, distribution, and conservation status

Fig. 7. Forest fires. A forest fire for land use conversion in the vicinity of El Naranjal, in the municipality of Pisaflores. Photo by Christian Berriozabal-Islas.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Fig. 3 in Composition and structure of the helminth community of rodents in matrix habitat areas of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

Fig. 3. Bipartite plot of the interactions between the mammal hosts and the helminth parasites identified in the present study.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Fig. 2 in Composition and structure of the helminth community of rodents in matrix habitat areas of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

Fig. 2. Species accumulation curve of the helminths recorded in each mammalian host: a. Akodon cursor b. Mus musculus c. Necromys lasiurus.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2021View details →

Fig. 1 in Composition and structure of the helminth community of rodents in matrix habitat areas of the Atlantic forest of southeastern Brazil

Fig. 1. Location of the sampling sites within the REBIO Poço das Antas and the APA-BRSJ in Rio de Janeiro state (RJ), southeastern Brazil, showing the distribution of the different vegetation types and the canals that separate the two reserves.

opencc-zeroDec 2022View details →

Floristic composition in three different forest types in western Amazonia

Aim: The latitudinal gradient is considered a first-order biogeographical pattern for most taxonomic groups. Yet, latitudinal changes in plant ecological communities are not always consistent, and this could be related to the physical and biological characteristics of different forest types. In this study, we compare latitudinal changes in floristic diversity (alpha diversity), composition (beta diversity), and dominance across different tropical forest types: floodplain, terra firme, and submontane forests. Location: Western Amazonia (Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia). Taxon: Woody plants. Methods: We inventoried 1,978 species and 31,203 individuals of vascular plants with a diameter at breast height ≥ 2.5 cm in 118 0.1-ha plots over a 1,800-km latitudinal gradient in three different forest types. The relationships between alpha diversity, latitude, and forest type were analysed using generalised linear mixed models (GLMMs). Semi-parametric permutational multivariate analysis of variance was used to investigate the effects of latitude and forest type on beta diversity. Dominant species abundances were correlated with non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination axes to reflect their contributions in shaping changes in beta diversity. Results: Alpha diversity increased towards equatorial latitudes in terra firme and submontane forests but remained relatively constant in floodplains. Beta diversity of all forest types changed with latitude, although less clearly in floodplains. Overall, the abundances of dominant species decreased towards the Equator, though in floodplains they were more homogeneous along the gradient. Main conclusions: Alpha diversity, beta diversity and dominance patterns differed across forest types. In floodplain forests, the flooding regime is a strong predictor of floristic composition, which maintains alpha diversity constant along the latitudinal gradient. However, alpha and beta diversity in unflooded forests increase steadily towards equatorial latitudes. Furthermore, we found fewer dominant species contributing to changes beta diversity in floodplain forests. Shifts in abundance of dominant species over gradients can explain how beta diversity is driven differently per forest type.

opencc-zeroJan 2023View details →

Fungal community composition and genetic potential regulate fine root decay in northern temperate forests

Understanding how genetic differences among soil microorganisms regulate spatial patterns in litter decay remains a persistent challenge in ecology. Despite fine root litter accounting for ~50% of total litter production in forest ecosystems, far less is known about the microbial decay of fine roots relative to aboveground litter. Here, we evaluated whether fine root decay occurred more rapidly where fungal communities have a greater genetic potential for litter decay. Additionally, we tested if linkages between decay and fungal genes can be adequately captured by delineating saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal fungal functional groups based on whether they have genes encoding certain ligninolytic class II peroxidase enzymes, which oxidize lignin and polyphenolic compounds. To address these ideas, we used a litterbag study paired with fungal DNA barcoding to characterize fine root decay rates and fungal community composition at the landscape scale in northern temperate forests, and we estimated the genetic potential of fungal communities for litter decay using publicly available genomes. Fine root decay occurred more rapidly where fungal communities had a greater genetic potential for decay, especially of cellulose and hemicellulose. Fine root decay was positively correlated with ligninolytic saprotrophic fungi and negatively correlated with ECM fungi with ligninolytic peroxidases, likely because these saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal functional groups had the highest and lowest genetic potentials for plant cell wall degradation, respectively. These fungal variables overwhelmed direct environmental controls, suggesting fungal community composition and genetic variation are primary controls over fine root decay in temperate forests at regional scales.

opencc-zeroAug 2023View details →

Microbial community composition of earthworm-invaded and earthworm-free soils of the Canadian boreal forest

Earthworm invasion in North American forests has the potential to greatly impact soil microbiomes by altering soil physicochemical properties. We characterized and compared microbial communities of earthworm-invaded and non-invaded soils in previously described sites across three major soil types found in the Canadian boreal forest using phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis and metabarcoding of the 16S rRNA gene (bacteria and archaea) and ITS2 region (fungi).

opencc-zeroOct 2023View details →

Frugivore-mediated seed dispersal in fragmented landscapes: Compositional and functional turnover from forest to matrix

Seed dispersal by frugivores is a fundamental function for plant community dynamics in fragmented landscapes, where forest remnants are typically embedded in a matrix of anthropogenic habitats. Frugivores can mediate both connectivity among forest remnants and plant colonization of the matrix. However, it remains poorly understood how frugivore communities change from forest to matrix due to the loss or replacement of species with traits that are less advantageous in open habitats, and whether such changes ultimately influence the composition and traits of dispersed plants via species interactions. Here, we close this gap by using a unique dataset of seed-dispersal networks that were sampled in forest patches and adjacent matrix habitats of seven fragmented landscapes across Europe. We found a similar diversity of frugivores, plants and interactions contributing to seed dispersal in forest and matrix, but a high turnover (replacement) in all these components. The turnover of dispersed seeds was smaller than that of frugivore communities because different frugivore species provided complementary seed dispersal in forest and matrix. Importantly, the turnover involved functional changes towards larger and more mobile frugivores in the matrix, which dispersed taller, larger-seeded plants with later fruiting periods. Our study provides a trait-based understanding of frugivore-mediated seed dispersal through fragmented landscapes, uncovering non-random shifts that can have cascading consequences for the composition of regenerating plant communities. Our findings also highlight the importance of forest remnants and frugivore faunas for ecosystem resilience, demonstrating a high potential for passive forest restoration of unmanaged lands in the matrix.