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406 results for “Forest cover”
Forest cover, age and densification rate for Southern China at 30 m resolution
<p>The dataset includes Landsat based forest cover maps from 1986-2020 that were used to calculate forest age and densification rate.</p> <p>Forest probability as the output from a Random Forest model was used to reflect forest cover, and shows how likely an area resembles a dense forest. We set a threshold of 50% probability to define an area as dense forest, and the number of years from the year the threshold is crossed until 2018 as the forest age. Note that the area must remain above 50% until 2018 to qualify as forest. The years before the threshold is crossed are used to calculate the densification rate. It is defined as the mean probability change per year in the period where an area is between a probability of 20% and 50%. If the area falls below 20% the count is reset.</p>
Supporting code and data for: Proportion of forest area burned at high-severity increases with increasing forest cover and connectivity in western US watersheds
<p>This is the R code and shapefiles of the coniferous HUC-12 watersheds and their western US boundary for the publication, "Proportion of forest area burned at high-severity increases with increasing forest cover and connectivity in western US watersheds" </p>
Data from: To the top or into the dark? Relationships between elevational and canopy cover distribution shifts in mountain forests
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Data from: Landscape context modulates the effect of local canopy cover on forest multidiversity across elevations
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Data from: Past forest-cover explains current genetic differentiation in the Carpathian newt (Lissotriton montandoni), but not in the smooth newt (L. vulgaris)
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Soft range limits shape sensitivity to forest cover more strongly than hard range limits
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Data for: Freeze tolerance influenced forest cover and hydrology during the Pennsylvanian
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Supporting code and data for: Proportion of forest area burned at high-severity increases with increasing forest cover and connectivity in western US watersheds
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Soil Moisture and vegetation cover patterns after logging and burning an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in the Andrews Experimental Forest, 1960-1983
This soil moisture study was initiated in 1960 to investigate the effects of patch clearcut logging and slash burning (1962-63) in an old-growth Douglas-fir forest in the Oregon Cascade Range. Since soil moisture and vegetation sampling continued regularly until 1980, this is a unique data set that represents nearly two decades of post-treatment information. Plant cover exerts a profound influence on soil moisture levels through its effects on interception, infiltration, evaporation, and transpiration. In the Douglas-fir forests of the Pacific Northwest, clearcut logging and slash burning are common practices that can dramatically alter plant cover and soil moisture. Logging can increase soil moisture by temporarily reducing cover and associated water use, and burning may further augment soil moisture levels by suppressing the survival and regrowth of vegetation. Indeed, part of the rationale for slash burning in the region is to control shrubs and other vegetation that would otherwise compete with conifer seedlings for available moisture, light, and nutrients. Within a few years after burning, however, invading vegetation may deplete soil moisture to levels comparable to forested areas. Such observations point to the value of long-term information to better understand dynamic soil moisture and plant cover responses to forest practices.
Baltimore Ecosystem Study: Forest Cover in the Gwynns Falls watershed from 1914 to 2004
Landscape structure in the Eastern US experienced great changes in the last century with the expansion of forest cover into abandoned agricultural land and the clearing of secondary forest cover for urban development. In this paper, the spatial and temporal patterns of forest cover from 1914 to 2004 in the Gwynns Falls watershed in Baltimore, Maryland were quantified from historic maps and aerial photographs. Using a database of forest patches from six times—1914, 1938, 1957, 1971, 1999, and 2004—we found that forest cover changed, both temporally and spatially. While total forest area remained essentially constant, turnover in forest cover was very substantial. Less than 20% of initial forest cover remained unchanged. Forest cover became increasingly fragmented as the number, size, shape, and spatial distribution of forest patches within the watershed changed greatly. Forest patch change was also analyzed within 3-km distance bands extending from the urban core to the more suburban end of the watershed. This analysis showed that, over time, the location of high rates of forest cover change shifted from urban to suburban bands which coincides with the spatial shift of urbanization. Forest cover tended to be more stable in and near the urban center, whereas forest cover changed more in areas where urbanization was still in process. These results may have critical implications for the ecological functioning of forest patches and underscore the need to integrate multi-temporal data layers to investigate the spatial pattern of forest cover and the temporal variations of that spatial pattern. Zhou, W., G. Huang, S. T. A. Pickett, and M. L. Cadenasso. 2011. 90 Years of Forest Cover Change in an Urbanizing Watershed: Spatial and Temporal Dynamics. Landscape Ecology 26:645–659. <ulink url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9589-z">https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-011-9589-z</ulink>.
Far northeastern Siberia boreal forest data: Canopy cover across a larch forest density gradient
This dataset includes canopy cover within four larch stands near Cherskii, Siberia collected in 2012-2013. Data have not been published.
Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part II)
<p><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span><span>Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major disruptors of plant–frugivore interactions, affecting seed dispersal and altering recruitment patterns of tree species dependent on vertebrate dispersers. In a heterogeneous production landscape (primarily tea and coffee plantations) in the southern Western Ghats, India, we <span><span>examined effects of surrounding forest cover and fruit crop size on frugivory of four rainforest bird-dispersed tree species</span></span> (<i>N</i> = 131 trees, ≥ 30 trees per species, observed for 623 h). Frugivore composition differed among the four tree species with the large-seeded <i>Canarium strictum </i>and<i> Myristica dactyloides</i> exclusively dependent on large-bodied avian frugivores, whereas, medium-seeded <i>Persea macrantha</i> and <i>Heynea trijuga </i>were predominantlyvisited by small-bodied and large-bodied avian frugivores, respectively. Using the seed-dispersal-effectiveness framework, we identified effective frugivores and examined their response to forest cover and fruit crop size. Results were idiosyncratic and governed by plant and frugivore traits. Visitations to medium-seeded <i>Persea </i>had a positive relationship with forest cover but the relationship was negative for the large-seeded <i>Myristica</i>. In addition, two of the three effective frugivores for <i>Persea </i>responded to the interactive effect of forest cover and fruit crop size<i>. </i>Frugivore visitations to <i>Hyenea</i> were not related to forest cover or fruit crop and<i> </i>there were too few visitations to <i>Canarium </i>to discern any trends<i>. </i>These results highlight the context-specific response of plant-frugivore interactions to forest cover and fruit crop size influenced by the plant and frugivore traits.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p>
Forest cover and fruit crop size differentially influence frugivory of select rainforest tree species in Western Ghats, India (Part I)
<p>Forest fragmentation and habitat loss are major disruptors of plant–frugivore interactions, affecting seed dispersal and altering recruitment patterns of tree species dependent on vertebrate dispersers. In a heterogeneous production landscape (primarily tea and coffee plantations) in the southern Western Ghats, India, we <span>examined effects of surrounding forest cover and fruit crop size on frugivory of four rainforest bird-dispersed tree species</span> (<i>N</i> = 131 trees, ≥ 30 trees per species, observed for 623 h). Frugivore composition differed among the four tree species with the large-seeded <i>Canarium strictum </i>and<i> Myristica dactyloides</i> exclusively dependent on large-bodied avian frugivores, whereas, medium-seeded <i>Persea macrantha</i> and <i>Heynea trijuga </i>were predominantly visited by small-bodied and large-bodied avian frugivores, respectively. Using the seed-dispersal-effectiveness framework, we identified effective frugivores and examined their response to forest cover and fruit crop size. Results were idiosyncratic and governed by plant and frugivore traits. Visitations to medium-seeded <i>Persea </i>had a positive relationship with forest cover but the relationship was negativefor the large-seeded <i>Myristica</i>. In addition, two of the three effective frugivores for <i>Persea </i>responded to the interactive effect of forest cover and fruit crop size<i>. </i>Frugivore visitations to <i>Hyenea</i> were not related to forest cover or fruit crop and<i> </i>there were too few visitations to <i>Canarium </i>to discern any trends<i>. </i>These results highlight the context-specific response of plant-frugivore interactions to forest cover and fruit crop size influenced by the plant and frugivore traits.</p>
Forest cover and proximity decrease herbivory and increase crop yield via enhanced natural enemies in soybean fields
<p><span>Non-crop habitats are essential for sustaining biodiversity of beneficial arthropods in agricultural landscapes, which can increase ecosystem services provision and crop yield. However, their effects on specific crop systems are less clear, such as soybean in South America, where the responses of pests and natural enemies to landscape structure have only recently been studied. </span></p> <p><span>Here, we analyzed how native forest fragments at local and landscape scales influenced arthropod communities, herbivory, and yield in soybean fields in central Argentina. To do this, we selected soybean fields located in agricultural landscapes with varying proportions of forest cover. At two distances (10 and 100m) from a focal forest fragment, we sampled natural enemy and herbivore arthropods, and measured soybean herbivory and yield. We focused on herbivore diversity, abundance of key soybean pests in the region (caterpillars and stink bugs), and their generalist and specialist natural enemies.</span></p> <p><span>Higher abundance of predators, lower herbivory rates, and increased yield were found near forests, while overall forest cover in the landscape was positively related with parasitoid and stink bug abundance, soybean yield, and negatively with herbivory. Moreover, yield was positively linked to richness and abundance of generalist and specialist enemies and independent of herbivory according to piecewise Structural Equation Models. </span></p> <p><span><i>Synthesis and applications. </i>Our results show positive effects of native forests on biodiversity and yield in soybean crops, highlighting the need for conservation of forest fragments in agricultural landscapes. Moreover, the relation between natural enemies and crop yield suggests that Chaco forests support a diverse and abundant community of natural enemies that can provide sustained levels of ecosystem services and result in positive effects for farmers.</span></p>
Data from: Evaluating temporal turnover in avian species richness in a Mediterranean semiarid region: different responses to elevation and forest cover
<p><span><strong>Aim</strong>.</span><span> When studying the effects of global change on biodiversity, it is far more common for the effects of climate change and land-use changes to be assessed separately rather than jointly. However, the effects of land-use changes in recent decades on species richness in areas affected by climate change have been less studied. </span><span>We assess the temporal turnover in species richness of an avian community between a historical period and a modern one as a consequence of global change.</span></p> <p><span><strong>Location</strong>. </span><span>Semiarid Mediterranean ecosystem (Southeastern Spain). </span></p> <p><span><strong>Method</strong>.</span><span> We fitted a hierarchical multi-species occupancy </span><span>model for each period (</span><span>1991-1992, and 2012-2017)</span><span>, obtaining avian species-specific estimates of occupancy probability in relation to environmental covariates </span><span>(elevation and forest cover)</span><span>. </span><span>We analyze the relationships between changes in the bird community and environmental variables, analysing the temporal turnover of the species richness and the richness-based species-exchange ratio.</span> </p> <p><span><strong>Results</strong>.</span> <span>The estimated species richness accounting for detectability was higher than observed species richness, and decreased in the </span><span>more recent </span><span>period. Following our hypotheses, we observed a dual pattern of species richness increase associated with different elevations, showing different species turnover rates due to the joint effects of climate change and land-use change. There is a trend toward greater species richness with higher elevations that is associated with climate change, where the species turnover rate is low. Also, species richness increased towards lower elevations, but with a high turnover rate. The latter can be due to species expansions through</span><span>ou</span><span>t new habitat configurations in bordering forest systems associated with anthropic land-use changes. </span></p> <p><span><strong>Conclusions</strong>.</span><span> Our study is of great interest to understand the temporal turnover of avian species richness associated with areas experiencing both climate and land-use change.</span></p>
Data from: Increases in understory plant cover and richness persist following restoration treatments in Pinus ponderosa forests
<p>A combination of forest thinning followed by prescribed burning is widely applied in the western US to increase ecosystem resistance and resilience to disturbances. Understory plant community responses may be driven both by management treatments and climatic factors. Thus, responses to treatments during a 20-year megadrought have implications for the role of management in fostering adaptive capacity to climate change.</p> <p>We used a network of five sites (600 plots) spanning an environmental gradient in ponderosa pine (<em>Pinus ponderosa</em>) forests of the American Southwest, an ecosystem that is broadly distributed and actively managed throughout the western US. We used repeated long-term monitoring data to quantify plant community responses to treatment 1-5, 6-10, and >10 years post-implementation. Specifically, we focused on the effects of treatment and abiotic conditions on native and nonnative plant cover and species richness, and on the proportion of native species with northern (cool-mesic) biogeographic affinities.</p> <p>Overall, thinning and prescribed burning nearly doubled native cover and increased native species richness by about 50% relative to untreated controls. These effects persisted for over a decade after treatment, even under the influence of significant and persistent drought. Cover and richness were also greater on intermediate to wet sites. Finally, native species with northern biogeographic affinities were reduced for up to five years after treatment relative to those with southern (warm-xeric) affinities, and in dry years, indicating that both management and interannual climate variability may foster shifts in plant communities that are more resilient to a warming climate.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: In ponderosa pine forests of the American Southwest, tree thinning followed by prescribed burning will generally promote restoration goals of increasing resilience to climate change by enhancing the diversity and abundance of native understory plant species, even during a persistent 20-year megadrought.</p>
Fig. 3. Forest cover within 300 in Long-term changes in avian relative abundances in relation to human disturbance in a tropical dry forest in central Myanmar
Fig. 3. Forest cover within 300 meters of bird survey points in 1999 and 2020.
Data from: Higher avian biodiversity, increased shrub cover, and proximity to continuous forest may reduce pest insect crop loss in small-scale oil palm farming
<p>One of the key ecosystem services offered by avian biodiversity within agricultural landscapes is natural predation. Nonetheless, the current use of biological control agents such as farmland birds in oil palm plantations is relatively limited. The present study aimed to assess the potential roles of avian biodiversity, particularly insectivores which provide natural predation against oil palm herbivorous insects. We also investigated the influence of local- and landscape-scale variables on foliage damage (crown or frond). Our data showed that crown damage decreased with increasing farmland bird richness (overall and insectivore), shrub cover, dried biomass, and elevation, but increased with epiphyte cover, oil palm height, and distance to continuous forest. Frond damage was negatively related to bird richness (overall, insectivore, and non-insectivore) and non-insectivore abundance, elevation, and shrub cover, while increased with insectivorous abundance, epiphyte cover, oil palm height, and distance to continuous forest. We also found that plantations (≥ 50 ha) were more susceptible to foliage damage from pest insects than smallholdings (<50 ha). There was no evidence that indicated the influence of forest patches on foliage damage. Our study highlights the economic value of conserving biodiversity, most notably, farmland birds and continuous forests with respect to biological control of defoliating pests and maintaining yield productivity in oil palm cultivation. Growers, particularly major plantation companies should make oil palm farming more biodiversity-friendly in order to increase the number of biological control agents such as birds.</p>
Converging findings of climate models and satellite observations on the positive impact of European forests on cloud cover
<p>Overview:<br>This repository hosts a comprehensive dataset resulting from a Space for Time (S4T) analysis (<em>Duveiller et al. 2018</em>). The dataset spans monthly data from 2004 to 2014, providing detailed insights into cloud cover dynamics and land cover characteristics. Leveraging observations from the Cloud CCI MODIS-Aqua dataset (<em>Stengel et al. 2017</em>) and RegCM5 (<em>Giorgi et al. 2023</em>) model outputs at 0.05 degrees resolution, it offers valuable resources for researchers studying atmospheric and terrestrial interactions.</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>s4t_ESACCI.zip:<br>Output of the space-for-time algorithm applied to the Global MODIS-Aqua cloud cover data for low, medium, and high clouds.<br>s4t_RegCM5.zip:<br>Output of the space for time algorithm applied to the European RegCM5 cloud data for low, medium, and high clouds.<br>Variables:</p> <p>Cloud Area Fractions:<br>Includes low (cll), medium (clm), and high (clh) cloud area fractions, expressed as percentages.<br>Cloud layers are categorized based on cloud top pressure (CTP), following the convention of the International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project.</p>
Forest inventory, leaf area index, and leaf functional traits of various land cover classes in Kulen, Cambodia
<ol><li><strong>Sub-title 1: </strong>Forest inventory of evergreen forest, regrowth forest, and evergreen forest in Kulen, Cambodia. (<strong>File name: </strong><i>Forest_Inventory_Pub.txt)</i> <strong> </strong></li><li><strong>Sub-title 2: </strong>Species leaf area, chlorophyll a and b and leaf dry matter content of 30 species collected from evergreen forests, regrowth forests, and cashew plantation in Kulen, Cambodia. (<strong>File name:</strong> <i>Leaf_Trait_Species_Pub.txt)</i></li><li><strong>Sub-title 3: </strong>Canopy and total leaf area index from evergreen forests, regrowth forests, and cashew plantation in Kulen, Cambodia. (<strong>File name: </strong><i>LAI_Pub.txt </i>)</li></ol>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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