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84 results for “Freshwater ecosystems”
Extracted data from primary literature examining impacts of recreational activities on freshwater ecosystems
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Bridging the Scotia Arc: Climate-driven shifts in connectivity of the freshwater crustacean <em>Branchinecta gaini</em> in sub-Antarctic and Antarctic ecosystems
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Invasive crayfish: drivers or passengers of degradation in freshwater ecosystems?
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Data from: Ecosystem size predicts the probability of speciation in migratory freshwater fish
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Interaction between climate change scenarios and biological invasion reveals complex cascading effects in freshwater ecosystems
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Spatial-temporal gradient variation patterns of fish trophic guilds in a freshwater river wetland ecosystem of northeastern China
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Data from: Sustainability management of short-lived freshwater fish in human-altered ecosystems should focus on adult survival
<p>Fish populations globally are susceptible to endangerment through exploitation and habitat loss. We present theoretical simulations to explore how reduced adult survival (age truncation) might affect short-lived freshwater fish species in human-altered contemporary environments. Our simulations evaluate two hypothetical "average fish" and five example fish species of age 1 or age 2 maturity. From a population equilibrium baseline representing a natural, unaltered environment we impose systematic reductions in adult survival and quantify how age truncation affects the causes of variation in population growth rate. We estimate the relative contributions to population growth rate arising from simulated temporal variation in age-specific vital rates and population structure. At equilibrium and irrespective of example species, population structure (first adult age class) and survival probability of the first two adult age classes are the most important determinants of population growth. As adult survival decreases, the first reproductive age class becomes increasingly important to variation in population growth. All simulated examples show the same general pattern of change with age truncation as known for exploited, longer-lived fish species in marine and freshwater environments. This implies age truncation is a general potential concern for fish biodiversity across life history strategies and ecosystems. Managers of short-lived, freshwater fishes in contemporary environments often focus on supporting reproduction to ensure population persistence. However, a strong focus on water management to support reproduction may reduce adult survival. Sustainability management needs a focus on mitigating adult mortality in human-altered ecosystems. A watershed spatial extent embracing land and water uses may be necessary to identify and mitigate causes of age truncation in freshwater species. Achieving higher adult survival will require paradigm transformations in society and government about water management priorities.</p>
Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity
<p><b><span>Aim:</span></b> Hotspots of human activity are focal points for ecosystem disturbance and non-native introduction, from which invading populations disperse and spread. As such, connectivity to locations used by humans may influence the likelihood of invasion. Moreover, connectivity in freshwater ecosystems may follow the hydrological network. Here we tested whether multiple forms of connectivity to human recreational activities promotes biological invasion of freshwater ecosystems.</p> <p><b><span>Location:</span></b><span> England, UK.</span></p> <p><b><span>Time period:</span></b><span> 1990-2018.</span></p> <p><b><span>Major taxa studied:</span></b> 126 non-native freshwater birds, crustaceans, fish, molluscs and plants.</p> <p><b><span>Methods:</span></b> Machine learning was used to predict spatial gradients in human recreation and two high risk activities for invasion (fishing and water sports). Connectivity indices were developed for each activity, in which human influence decayed from activity hotspots according to Euclidean distance (spatial connectivity) or hydrological network distance (downstream, upstream and along-channel connectivity). Generalised linear mixed models identified the connectivity type most associated to invasive species richness of each group, while controlling for other anthropogenic and environmental drivers.</p> <p><b><span>Results:</span></b> Connectivity to humans generally had stronger positive effects on invasion than all other drivers except recording effort. Recreation had stronger influence than urban land cover, and for most groups high risk activities had stronger effects than general recreation. Downstream human connectivity was most important for invasion by most of the groups, potentially reflecting predominantly hydrological dispersal. An exception was birds, for which spatial connectivity was most important, possibly because of overland dispersal capacity.</p> <p><b><span>Main conclusions:</span></b> These findings support the hypothesis that freshwater invasion is partly determined by an interaction between human activity and species dispersal in the hydrological network. By comparing alternative connectivity types for different human activities, our approach could enable robust inference of specific pathways and spread mechanisms associated with particular taxa. This would provide evidence to support better prioritisation of surveillance and management for invasive non-native species.</p>
Data from: Damming, lost connectivity and the historical role of anadromous fish in freshwater ecosystem dynamics
Recent research has demonstrated the important role that high-biomass species play in the transfer of energy and nutrients across habitat boundaries, as well as the ecosystem consequences of their loss. To contrast the historical and current biomass of historically abundant anadromous forage fish, we combined historical records of habitat loss from damming with contemporary freshwater productivity of alewives and diet data of freshwater predator fish. Significant declines in production occurred by 1850 in the northeastern United States, long before any direct abundance data were available, which would have had significant effects on freshwater prey resources for the numerous predators directly affected by the transfer of nutrients across the freshwater–marine nexus. Current freshwater systems operate at approximately 6.7% of historical capacity of anadromous alewife biomass and abundance. This provides an example of habitat-mediated changes in connectivity limiting nutrient flux and energy flow among populations and species that alter ecosystem function at multiple scales.
Data from: Application of ancient DNA to the reconstruction of past microbial assemblages and for the detection of toxic cyanobacteria in subtropical freshwater ecosystems
Ancient DNA (aDNA) analysis of lake sediments is a promising tool for detecting shifts in past microbial assemblages in response to changing environmental conditions. We examined sediment core samples from subtropical, freshwater Laguna Blanca (Uruguay), which has been severely affected by cultural eutrophication since 1960 and where cyanobacterial blooms, particularly those of the saxitoxin-producer Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, have been reported since the 1990s. Samples corresponding to ~1846, 1852, 2000 and 2007 A.D. were selected to perform Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic transcribed spacer (ribosomal ITS) to compare their prokaryotic assemblage composition. Each stratum showed different ITS patterns, but the composition of 21st Century samples was clearly different than those of mid-19th Century. This compositional change was correlated to shifts in sediment organic matter and chlorophyll a content, which were significantly higher in recent samples. The presence of saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria was addressed by quantitative real time PCR of the sxtU gene involved in toxin biosynthesis. This gene was present only in recent samples, for which clone libraries and ITS sequencing indicated the presence of Cyanobacteria. Phylogenetic analyses identified C. raciborskii only in the 2000 sample, shortly after several years when blooms were recorded in the lake. These data suggest the utility of aDNA for the reconstruction of microbial assemblage shifts in subtropical lakes, at least on centennial scales. The application of aDNA analysis to genes involved in cyanotoxin synthesis extends the applicability of molecular techniques in paleolimnological studies to include key microbial community characteristics of great scientific and social interest.
Data from: Dispersal syndromes can impact ecosystem functioning in spatially structured freshwater populations
Dispersal can strongly influence ecological and evolutionary dynamics. Besides the direct contribution of dispersal to population dynamics, dispersers often differ in their phenotypic attributes from non-dispersers, which leads to dispersal syndromes. The consequences of such dispersal syndromes have been widely explored at the population and community level, however, to date, ecosystem-level effects remain unclear. Here, we examine whether dispersing and resident individuals of two different aquatic keystone invertebrate species have different contributions to detrital processing, a key function in freshwater ecosystems. Using experimental two-patch systems, we found no difference in leaf consumption rates with dispersal status of the common native species Gammarus fossarum. In Dikerogammarus villosus, however, a Ponto-Caspian species now expanding throughout Europe, dispersers consumed leaf litter at roughly three times the rate of non-dispersers. Furthermore, this put the contribution of dispersing D. villosus to leaf litter processing on par with native G. fossarum, after adjusting for differences in organismal size. Given that leaf litter decomposition is a key function in aquatic ecosystems, and the rapid species turnover in freshwater habitats with range expansions of non-native species, this finding suggests that dispersal syndromes may have important consequences for ecosystem functioning.
FIGURE 6 in A new species of stygobiont freshwater planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from a chemoautotrophic ecosystem: the Frasassi karst in Italy
FIGURE 6. Dendrocoelum leporii Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. Holotype ZMA V.Pl. 7271.1. (A) microphotograph of the penis; (B) ZMA V.Pl. 7272.1, microphotograph of the penis and the bulb of the adenodactyl; (C) ZMA V.Pl. 7272.1, microphotograph of the oviduct with the connecting ductules to the resorptive vesicles and to the vitellaria.
FIGURE 5 in A new species of stygobiont freshwater planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from a chemoautotrophic ecosystem: the Frasassi karst in Italy
FIGURE 5. Dendrocoelum leporii Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. Holotype ZMA V.Pl. 7271.1, sagittal reconstruction of the copulatory apparatus (anterior to the left). (A) female copulatory apparatus; (B) male copulatory apparatus.
FIGURE 4 in A new species of stygobiont freshwater planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from a chemoautotrophic ecosystem: the Frasassi karst in Italy
FIGURE 4. Dendrocoelum leporii Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. Sketch of the ventral view of the preserved holotype specimen ZMA V.Pl. 7271.1.
FIGURE 3 in A new species of stygobiont freshwater planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from a chemoautotrophic ecosystem: the Frasassi karst in Italy
FIGURE 3. Dendrocoelum leporii Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. Still picture from video of the living holotype specimen ZMA V.Pl. 7271.1.
FIGURE 1 in A new species of stygobiont freshwater planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from a chemoautotrophic ecosystem: the Frasassi karst in Italy
FIGURE 1. Geographic distribution of freshwater planarians of the family Dendrocoelidae recorded for Italy. Collection sites of Dendrocoelum leporii Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov. indicated by blue asterisk. Blue diamond refers to unspecified epigean localities of the widespread peninsular species D. lacteum.
FIGURE 2 in A new species of stygobiont freshwater planarian (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) from a chemoautotrophic ecosystem: the Frasassi karst in Italy
FIGURE 2. (A) Simplified map of a portion of the Frasassi cave complex in the eastern side of the Frasassi Gorge (from Mariani et al., 2007). Red squares indicate collection sites of Dendrocoelum leporii Stocchino & Sluys, sp. nov.; blue squares indicate sighting sites of dendrocoelid specimens. (B) Idealized cross-section of the caves showing the arrangement of horizontal hypogean levels.
Data: Diversity-production relationships of fish communities in freshwater stream ecosystems
<p>Ecological relationships between species richness and biomass production are increasingly thought to be pervasive across the globe. Yet diversity-production relationships have not been explored extensively for freshwater fish communities even though fisheries production provides key services to humans. Our aim was to evaluate the diversity-production relationship for fish communities inhabiting freshwater streams across the Appalachian Mountain range and examine how diversity-production relationships varied across streams possessing different thermal signatures. Our study area included 25 freshwater stream ecosystems spanning from Vermont to North Carolina in the United States. Twenty sites were located in Maryland south to Tennessee and North Carolina while five additional higher latitude sites were sampled in Massachusetts and Maine. We sampled 25 study streams from June to September 2012 and collected fish population information to calculate biomass, species richness, Shannon diversity index, and annual production for each fish community. Linear mixed models were used to analyze the relationship between diversity indices and total community production. We also compared diversity and production relationships across other taxa. Across all streams, community fish production, biomass and P/B ratios ranged 0.15-6.79 g m<sup>2 </sup>y<sup>1</sup>, 0.61-0.73 g m-2, and 0.21-1.07 y<sup>-1</sup>, respectively. Species richness had a significant positive effect (p = 0.012) on community fish production, while accounting for the thermal signature of the streams as a random effect and other habitat covariates. Shannon diversity index did not have a significant effect (p = 0.101) on community production. The diversity-production relationship observed for stream fish communities was similar to other studies but demonstrated one of the highest slopes. Our results demonstrate that effects of biodiversity resonate to influence the production of fishes; thus, management of fisheries is more closely coupled to biodiversity than previously thought.</p>
Data: Diversity-production relationships of fish communities in freshwater stream ecosystems
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Invasion of freshwater ecosystems is promoted by network connectivity to hotspots of human activity
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.