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69 results for “Geographical divergence”
Data from: The tempo of trait divergence in geographic isolation: avian speciation across the Marañon valley of Peru
Geographic isolation is considered essential to most speciation events, but our understanding of what controls the pace and degree of phenotypic divergence among allopatric populations remains poor. Why do some taxa exhibit phenotypic differentiation across barriers to dispersal, whereas others do not? To test factors controlling phenotypic divergence in allopatry, we employed a comparative phylogeographic approach consisting of replicates of ecologically similar Andean bird species isolated across a major biogeographic barrier, the Marañon valley of Peru. Our study design leverages variation among co-distributed taxa in their degree of plumage, morphometric and vocal differentiation across the Marañon to examine the tempo of phenotypic evolution. We found that substantial plumage differences between populations required roughly two million years to evolve. In contrast, morphometric trait evolution showed greater idiosyncrasy and stasis. Our results demonstrate that despite a large degree of idiosyncrasy in the relationship between genetic and phenotypic divergence across taxa and environments, comparative studies within regions may reveal predictability in the pace of phenotypic divergence. Our results also suggest that social selection is important for driving differentiation of populations found in similar environments.
On the predictability of phenotypic divergence in geographic isolation
<p><span>Do related populations that are separated by barriers predictably evolve differences from one another over time, or is such divergence idiosyncratic and unpredictable? We test these </span><span>alternatives by investigating patterns of trait evolution for 54 sister pairs of Andean forest birds that live in similar environments on either side of the arid Marañón Gap, a strong dispersal barrier for humid montane species. We measured divergence in both sexual (song and plumage) and ecological (beak size and beak shape) traits. Sexual traits evolve in a clock-like fashion, with trait divergence positively correlated with genetic distance (r = 0.6 to 0.7). In contrast, divergence in ecological traits is uncorrelated or only loosely correlated with genetic distance (r = 0.0 to 0.3). Thus, for geographically isolated Andean montane forest birds that live in similar environments, divergence is predictable in sexual traits, but not for ecological traits. This means that sexual trait divergence occurs independently of adaptive ecological divergence within the mega-diverse tropical Andean avifauna. Last, we show that variation in genetic divergence across a biogeographic barrier is associated</span><span> with traits that are proxies for species' opportunities for dispersal (low elevation limit and elevational niche breadth), but not with traits that are proxies for species' dispersal abilities (hand-wing index and foraging strata).</span></p>
Supplementary material 1 from: Byerly AR, Jenck C, Goetz ARB, Weissman DB, Gray DA, Ross CL, Maroja LS, Larson EL (2023) Geographic variation in phenotypic divergence between two hybridizing field cricket species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 189-200. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.90713
Supplementary material 1 from: Byerly AR, Jenck C, Goetz ARB, Weissman DB, Gray DA, Ross CL, Maroja LS, Larson EL (2023) Geographic variation in phenotypic divergence between two hybridizing field cricket species. Journal of Orthoptera Research 32(2): 189-200. https://doi.org/10.3897/jor.32.90713
Data from: “A cleaner break”: genetic divergence between geographic groups and sympatric phenotypes revealed in ballan wrasse (Labrus bergylta)
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Data from: Genetic diversity and population divergences of an indigenous tree (Coffea mauritiana) in Reunion Island: role of climatic and geographical factors
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Data from: Geographic variation in morphology of Dark-eyed Juncos and implications for population divergence
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Data from: Contrasting geographic structure in evolutionarily divergent Lake Tanganyika catfishes
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Data from: Geographic cline analysis as a tool for studying genome-wide variation: a case study of pollinator-mediated divergence in a monkeyflower
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Data from: Phenotypic and transcriptomic responses to salinity stress across genetically and geographically divergent Tigriopus californicus populations
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Data from: The role of chromosomal rearrangements and geographical barriers in the divergence of lineages in a South American subterranean rodent (Rodentia: Ctenomyidae: Ctenomys minutus)
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Data from: SNP-array reveals genome wide patterns of geographical and potential adaptive divergence across the natural range of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)
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Data from: Genomic and geographic footprints of differential introgression between two divergent fish species (Solea spp.)
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Data from: Differential predation drives the geographical divergence in multiple traits in aposematic frogs
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Data from: Genetic diversity and divergence among coastal and offshore reefs in a hard coral depend on geographic discontinuity and oceanic currents.
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Data from: Ancient onset of geographic divergence, interpopulation genetic exchange, and natural selection on the Mc1r coat-color gene in the house mouse (Mus musculus) inferred from tandemly arranged nuclear gene markers
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Data from: Geographic body size variation in the periodical cicadas Magicicada: implications for life cycle divergence and local adaptation
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Data from: The tempo of trait divergence in geographic isolation: avian speciation across the Marañon valley of Peru
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Data from: Phylogeography, genetic structure and population divergence time of cheetahs in Africa and Asia: evidence for long-term geographic isolates
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On the predictability of phenotypic divergence in geographic isolation
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Data from: Putative chromosomal rearrangements are associated primarily with ecotype divergence rather than geographic separation in an intertidal, poorly-dispersing snail
<p class="western"><span><i>Littorina saxatilis</i> is becoming a model system for understanding the genomic basis of ecological speciation. The parallel formation of crab-adapted ecotypes that exhibit partial reproductive isolation from wave-adapted ecotypes has enabled genomic investigation of conspicuous shell traits. Recent genomic studies suggest that chromosomal rearrangements may enable ecotype divergence by reducing gene flow. However, the genomic architecture of traits that are divergent between ecotypes remains poorly understood. Here, we use 11,504 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers called using the recently-released <i>L. saxatilis</i> genome to genotype 462 crab ecotype, wave ecotype, and phenotypically-intermediate <i>L. saxatilis</i> individuals with scored phenotypes. We used redundancy analysis to study the genetic architecture of loci associated with shell shape, shape corrected for size, shell size, and shell ornamentation, and to compare levels of co-association among different traits. We discovered 341 SNPs associated with shell traits. Loci associated with trait divergence between ecotypes were often located inside putative chromosomal rearrangements recently characterized in Swedish <i>L. saxatilis</i>. In contrast, we found that shell shape corrected for size varied primarily by site rather than by ecotype and showed little association with these putative rearrangements. Together, these results reveal that genomic regions of elevated divergence with putative rearrangements are associated with divergence along steep environmental axes in <i>L. saxatilis</i><span> ecotypes</span>, consistent with models of adaptation with gene flow, but these regions are distinct from genomic architecture associated with site-specific variation. Our findings here further support predictions from models indicating the importance of genomic regions of reduced recombination allowing co-association of loci during ecological speciation with ongoing gene flow.</span></p>
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.