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251 results for “Herbicides”
Fig. 2 in Glyphosate-based herbicide affects biochemical parameters in Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 and) Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837)
Fig. 2. Protein carbonyl levels in the liver of Rhamdia quelen and Leporinus obtusidens that were exposed to glyphosate for 96 h. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 6, in duplicate). *Indicates difference significant compared to control group (P≤ 0.05).
Fig. 1 in Glyphosate-based herbicide affects biochemical parameters in Rhamdia quelen Quoy & Gaimard, 1824 and) Leporinus obtusidens (Valenciennes, 1837)
Fig. 1. NTPDase and ecto-5'-nucleotidase activities in the brain of Rhamdia quelen (A) and Leporinus obtusidens (B) that were exposed to glyphosate for 96 h. Data represent the mean ± SD (n = 6, in duplicate). *Indicates difference significant compared to the control group (P≤ 0.05).
Data from: Herbicidal interference: Glyphosate drives both the ecology and evolution of plant-herbivore interactions
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Limits to the evolution of herbicide escape and tolerance in the agricultural weed Amaranthus palmeri
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Data from: Off-target drift of the herbicide dicamba disrupts plant-pollinator interactions via novel pathways
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Paternal exposure to a common herbicide alters the behavior and serotonergic system of zebrafish offspring
<p>Increasingly, studies are revealing that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can alter animal behavior. Early life exposure to EDCs may permanently alter phenotypes through to adulthood. In addition, the effects of EDCs may not be isolated to a single generation − offspring may indirectly be impacted, via non-genetic processes. <span class="fontstyle01"><span>Here, we analyzed the effects of paternal atrazine exposure on behavioral traits (distance moved, exploration, bottom-dwelling time, latency to enter the top zone, and interaction with a mirror) and whole-brain mRNA of genes involved in the serotonergic system regulation (</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>slc6a4a</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>slc6a4b</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>htr1Aa</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>htr1B</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>, </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>htr2B</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>) of zebrafish (</span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>Danio rerio</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>). F0 male zebrafish were exposed to atrazine at 0.3, 3 or 30 part per billion (ppb) during early juvenile development, the behavior of F1 progeny was tested at adulthood, and the effect of 0.3 ppb atrazine treatment on mRNA transcription was quantified. Paternal exposure to atrazine significantly reduced interactions with a mirror (a proxy for aggression) and altered the latency to enter the top zone of a tank in unexposed F1 offspring. Bottom-dwelling time (a proxy for anxiety) also appeared to be somewhat affected, and activity (distance moved) was reduced in the context of aggression. </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>slc6a4a </i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span>and </span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span><i>htr1Aa</i></span></span><span class="fontstyle01"><span> mRNA transcript levels were found to correlate positively with anxiety levels in controls, but we found that this relationship was disrupted in the 0.3 ppb atrazine treatment group. Overall, paternal atrazine exposure resulted in alterations across a variety of behavioral traits and showed signs of serotonergic system dysregulation, demonstrating intergenerational effects. Further research is needed to explore transgenerational effects on behavior and possible mechanisms underpinning behavioral effects. </span></span></p>
Data from: Quantifying the impacts of management and herbicide resistance on regional plant population dynamics in the face of missing data
<p>A key challenge in the management of populations is to quantify the impact of interven-tions in the face of environmental and phenotypic variability. However, accurate estima-tion of the effects of management and environment, in large-scale ecological research is often limited by the expense of data collection, the inherent trade-off between quality and quantity, and missing data.</p> <p>In this paper we develop a novel modelling framework, and demographically informed imputation scheme, to comprehensively account for the uncertainty generated by miss-ing population, management, and herbicide resistance data. Using this framework and a large dataset (178 sites over 3 years) on the densities of a destructive arable weed (Alo-pecurus myosuroides) we investigate the effects of environment, management, and evolved herbicide resistance, on weed population dynamics.</p> <p>In this study we quantify the marginal effects of a suite of common management prac-tices, including cropping, cultivation, and herbicide pressure, and evolved herbicide re-sistance, on weed population dynamics.</p> <p>Using this framework, we provide the first empirically backed demonstration that herbi-cide resistance is a key driver of population dynamics in arable weeds at regional scales. Whilst cultivation type had minimal impact on weed density, crop rotation, and earlier cultivation and drill dates consistently reduced infestation severity.</p> <p>Synthesis and applications: As we demonstrate that high herbicide resistance levels can produce extremely severe weed infestations, monitoring of herbicide resistance is a pri-ority for famers across western Europe. Furthermore, developing non chemical control methods is essential to control current weed populations, and prevent further resistance evolution. We recommend that planning interventions that center on crop rotation and incorporate spring sewing and cultivation to provide the best reductions in weed densi-ties. More generally, by directly accounting for missing data our framework permits the analysis of management practices with data that would otherwise be severely compro-mised.</p>
Non-target woody plant responses to broadcast herbicide treatment for mesquite and pricklypear control
<p>Aerial spraying of herbicides is an option for treating undesirable woody species on grasslands and rangelands, but few studies have determined the effects of these products on non-target woody plants important to wildlife. A recently introduced herbicide containing a mixture of clopyralid and aminopyralid ("CA") is thought to be specific to honey mesquite (<em>Prosopis glandulosa</em>) control. Our objective was to document the effects of CA alone and mixed with other brush herbicides, including picloram and triclopyr, on two target species, honey mesquite and pricklypear (<em>Opuntia</em> spp.), and two non-target woody plants, lotebush (<em>Zizyphus obtusifolia</em>) and hackberry (<em>Celtis laevigata </em>var <em>reticulata</em>). Treatments were 1) CA, 2) CA + triclopyr (CA+Tr), 3) CA + picloram (CA+Pc), and 4) clopyralid + triclopyr (Cp+Tr). We applied aerial spray treatments on four, 4-ha replicated plots of mature mesquite thickets that also contained pricklypear in each of 3 consecutive years in north-central Texas and evaluated plots at 1 year and 2 years post-treatment (YPT). We developed a tolerance-rating model with 5 levels (highly tolerant, tolerant, moderately tolerant, moderately susceptible, and susceptible) that integrated stand-level percent whole plant mortality (root-kill) and percent canopy reduction of surviving plants. Mesquite was susceptible to all treatments in all spray years. Pricklypear was susceptible to CA+Pc [root-kill more than doubled (33 to 84%) from 1 to 2 YPT], but highly tolerant of the other treatments. Lotebush was highly tolerant or tolerant of all treatments. Hackberry was tolerant of CA and Cp+Tr but susceptible to CA+Pc. The negative effect of CA+Pc on hackberry was greater when hackberry was drought-stressed. We recommend inspection of drought status, foliage condition, and abundance of non-target woody species prior to broadcast spraying for control of targeted woody species or cacti.</p>
Supporting data and code for: A high diversity of mechanisms endows ALS-inhibiting herbicide resistance in the invasive common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.)
<p>This is the first release of the final data and code for the article accepted for publication in Scientific Reports journal. It contains all the necessary scripts to produce the maps of the manuscript. All the necessary data can be found in the 'data' folder.</p>
Synthesis, Herbicidal Activity, Crop Safety and Soil Degradation of Pyrimidine- and Triazine-Substituted Chlorsulfuron Derivatives Supplementary Information
<p>The content include SI1-Melting points, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and HRMS of W103-W111, SI2-Crystal data of compound W110(CCDC number 2142702), SI3-Biological assay and crop safety, SI4-Soil degradation assay, SI5-Report of soil analysis in Chinese, and SI6-Report of soil analysis in English.</p>
Data from: Bumblebees can be exposed to the herbicide glyphosate whilst foraging
<p>Bee declines are attributed to multiple factors, one of which is the use of pesticides. However, there is very little research surround the effects of non-insecticidal pesticides on bees. Herbicides are one of the most applied pesticide groups globally, with glyphosate being one of the most applied pesticides in the world. When herbicides are applied to plants, the plant typically dies a few days later. In the period between herbicide application and plant death it is unknown if bumblebees would choose to forage on the herbicide treated plants, especially if there is uncontaminated healthy forage available. This dataset shows the frequency and duration of bumblebee interactions with glyphosate treated and control plants in a choice test, observing how individual foragers interacted with plants. In a second experiment, data was collected on the availability of nectar and pollen in glyphosate treated plants over a 5-6 day period, to help determine if resources remain available for bees to collect whilst the plant was dying. We observed that bees chose to forage on both glyphosate treated and control plants indiscriminately. We also observed that bees spent significantly less time collecting nectar from each individual flower indicating a potential deterrent effect. We also found that over time, plants had a lower standing crop of nectar after treatment with glyphosate. These results suggest that bees could be exposed to herbicide whilst foraging in the environment.</p>
Conservation implications of herbicides on seagrasses: sublethal glyphosate exposure decreases fitness in the endangered Zostera capensis
<p>Dataset containing morphological, biomass and chlorophyll responses of the seagrass, Zostera capensis, to sublethal glyphosate exposure over a 3 week exposure period.</p>
Figure 6 in Interference and management of herbicide-resistant crop volunteers
Figure 6. Stalk regrowth of 2,4-D-resistant cotton after shredding and treatment with duplosan.
Figure 5 in Interference and management of herbicide-resistant crop volunteers
Figure 5. Cotton stalk regrowth in a field in Georgia.
Figure 8 in Interference and management of herbicide-resistant crop volunteers
Figure 8. Volunteer soybean in a cornfield in Nebraska.
Fig. 2 in Potential herbicidal effect of synthetic chalcones on the initial growth of sesame, Sesamum indicum L., and brachiaria, Urochloa decumbens (Stapf) R. D. Webster
Fig. 2. Chemical structures of synthesized chalcones and their respective yields.
Delivering metribuzin from biodegradable nanocarriers: Assessing herbicidal effects for soybean plant protection and weed control
<p>The data presents the indicators of soybean and soil health after metribuzin biodegradable nanocarriers and conventional metribuzin. Besides, the uptake and distribution of metribuzin in soil and weed plants (Amaranthus retroflexus) were associated with weed control evaluations.</p>
Herbicide resistance in black grass in LU - Treer et al.
<p>The file contains the raw data of the manuscript " Overrepresentation of <em>Alopecurus myosuroides </em>with<em> </em>high levels of resistance towards herbicides applied in spring on heavy clay soils" by Treer S, Scherer K, Pallez-Barthel M, Dam D, Beyer M</p>
Fertilizer and herbicide alter nectar and pollen quality with consequences for pollinator floral choices
<p><span>Flower-visiting insects in agroecosystems forage on weeds exposed to agrochemicals that may compromise the quality of their floral resources. We conducted complementary field and greenhouse experiments to evaluate: 1) the effect of low concentrations of agrochemical exposure on nectar and pollen quality and 2) the relationship between floral resource quality and insect visitation. We found pollen amino acid concentrations were lower in plants exposed to low concentrations of herbicide, and pollen fatty acid concentrations were lower in plants exposed to low concentrations of fertilizer, while nectar amino acids were higher in plants exposed to low concentrations of either fertilizer or herbicide. Exposure to low fertilizer concentrations also increased the quantity of pollen and nectar produced per flower. The responses of plants exposed to the experimental treatments in the greenhouse helped explain insect visitation in the field study. The insect visitation rate correlated with nectar amino acids, pollen amino acids, and pollen fatty acids. An interaction between pollen protein and floral display suggested pollen amino acid concentrations drove insect preference among plant species when floral display sizes were large. We show that floral resource quality is sensitive to agrochemical exposure and that flower-visiting insects are sensitive to variation in floral resource quality.</span></p>
Data from: Effects of fungicide and herbicide on a non-target butterfly performance
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