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Plate 4 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Plate 4. Craugastor sandersoni (Schmidt, 1941). Sanderson's Rainfrog is a priority two species with an EVS of 19, which is distributed on the "Caribbean slopes of the Maya Mountains in east-central Belize southward to the Montañas del Mico in eastern Guatemala and westward into the Sierra de Santa Cruz, the eastern portion of the Sierra de las Minas, and the foothills of the northern Alta Verapaz" (Frost 2018). This individual was found in Montañas del Mico, Guatemala. Photo by Sean Michael Rovito.

Plate 35 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Plate 35. Scolecophis atrocinctus (Schlegel, 1837). priority three species with an EVS of 13, which ranges along the "Pacific versant from southeastern Guatemala to northwestern Costa Rica; the species also is found on the Atlantic versant in southwestern Honduras, western Nicaragua, and northwestern Costa Rica" (Wilson and Mata-Silva 2015: 422). This individual was found in Tilarán, in the province of Guanacaste, Costa Rica. Photo by Víctor Acosta-Chaves.

Plate 20. Bolitoglossa alvaradoi Taylor, 1954 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Plate 20. Bolitoglossa alvaradoi Taylor, 1954. The Moravia de Chirripó Salamander is a priority two species with an EVS of 16, distributed on "the Atlantic versant of Costa Rica" (Frost, 2018). This individual was found in Veragua Rainforest, in the province of Limón, Costa Rica. Photo by Víctor Acosta-Chaves.

Plate 31 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Plate 31. Norops kemptoni (Dunn, 1940). Kempton's Anole is a priority one species with an EVS of 15, found in the "highlands of Chiriquí, Panama" (Köhler 2008: 106). This individual is from Alto Chiquero, Parque Nacional Volcán Barú, in the province of Chiriquí, Panama. Photo by Javier Sunyer.

Fig. 1 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Fig. 1. Graph comparing the endemic and total number of species for the Central American herpetofauna, arranged by order.

Plate 3 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Plate 3. Incilius melanochlorus (Cope, 1877). The Wet Forest Toad is a priority eight species with an EVS of 12, with a distribution on the Atlantic versant of Costa Rica and adjacent Panama, and likely in adjacent Nicaragua (Frost 2018). This individual was found in Centro Soltis, San Isidro de Peñas Blancas, in the province of Alajuela, Costa Rica. Photo by Víctor Acosta-Chaves.

Plate 2 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Plate 2. Incilius holdridgei (Taylor, 1952). Holdridge's Toad is a priority one species with an EVS of 14, which is restricted in distribution to Volcán Barva, Costa Rica (Frost 2018). This individual was located in Alto del Roble, in the province of Heredia. Photo by Víctor Acosta-Chaves.

Plate 1 in The endemic herpetofauna of Central America: a casualty of anthropocentrism

Plate 1. Atelopus varius (Lichtenstein and Martens, 1856). The Harlequin Frog is a priority ten species with an EVS of 11, distributed on both versants of the cordilleras of Costa Rica and western Panama (Frost 2018). This individual is from one of three known surviving populations of this species, and in Costa Rica it is being surveyed near Uvita, in the province of Puntarenas. Photo by César Barrio-Amorós.

Fig. 6 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 6. Species accumulation curves for amphibians (left) and reptiles (right) for transects in the PMF and PWF on Cerro Chucantí. obs: observed species on transects; est: estimated species if the sampling effort is doubled. Details on the transects are shown in Table 1.

Fig. 1 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 1. (A) Satellite map and (B) abstract digital map showing the trails used on Cerro Chucantí for transects in the PWF (beige, black, partly blue, and red dashed trails) and PMF (orange, dark-grey, and green dashed trails). Records of some species are also shown (see Materials and Methods for details).

Fig. 2 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 2. Study area at CPNR. (A) Cerro Chucantí; (B) entrance to the reserve; (C) Camp Site 1, on 2016; (D) modern toilet at Camp Site 1; (E–F) forest above 1,300 m asl; (G) view of the secondary forest around the biological station up to the cloud forest on the ridge; (H) the field team, at 1,200 m asl from left: Madian Miranda, above Rogemif Fuentes, Orlando Gárces, below Abel Batista, and lower right Konrad Mebert.

Fig. 5. Selected reptile species found during the 2012–2016 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 5. Selected reptile species found during the 2012–2016 surveys on Cerro Chucantí. (A) Echinosaura aff. palmeri; (B) Ptychoglossus aff. plicatus; (C) Anolis aff. fuscoauratus; (D) Geophis aff. brachycephalus; (E) Corallus annulatus, highest elevation record; (F) Tantilla berguidoi, recently described and endemic (Batista et al. 2016b); (G) Bothrops asper, 1,273 m asl, highest elevation record for Panama; (H) Lachesis acrochorda juvenile, 1,011 m asl, highest elevation for this species in Panama.

Fig. 9 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 9. Relative abundance of the reptiles found during surveys from 2012–2016 in the Premontane Moist Forest (PMF) on Cerro Chucantí. * Species observed in PWF and PMF on Cerrro Chucanti, but outside a transect; ** Species of likely occurrence that have been found in similar habitat and elevations in adjacent peaks of Majé Mountains.

Fig. 10 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 10. Relative abundance of the reptiles found during surveys from 2012–2016 in the Premontane Wet Forest (PWF) on Cerro Chucantí. 1 indicates provisional identification; * Species observed in PWF and PMF on Cerrro Chucanti, but outside a transect; ** Species of likely occurrence that have been found in similar habitat and elevations in adjacent peaks of Majé Mountains.

Fig. 8 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 8. Relative abundance of amphibians found during surveys from 2012–2016 in the Premontane Wet Forest (PWF) on Cerro Chucantí. * Species observed in PWF and PMF on Cerrro Chucanti, but outside a transect.

Fig. 7 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 7. Relative abundance of amphibians found during surveys from 2012–2016 in the Premontane Moist Forest (PMF) on Cerro Chucantí. * Species observed in PWF and PMF on Cerrro Chucanti, but outside a transect; ** Species of likely occurrence that have been found in similar habitat and elevations in adjacent peaks of Majé Mountains.

Fig. 3. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 3. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 surveys on Cerro Chucantí. (A) Dermophis aff. glandulosus; (B) second known specimen of Bolitoglossa chucantiensis, recently described and endemic (Batista et al. 2014a); (C) Bolitoglossa aff. biseriata; (D) Oedipina aff. complex; (E) Strabomantis bufoniformis; (F) Diasporus majeensis, recently described and endemic (Batista et al. 2016a); (G) Pristimantis gaigei; (H) Pristimantis moro.

Fig. 4. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 in Endemism on a threatened sky island: new and rare species of herpetofauna from Cerro Chucantí, Eastern Panama

Fig. 4. Selected amphibian species found during the 2012–2016 surveys on Cerro Chucantí that await formal description or clarification of relationships. (A) Colostethus aff. pratti; (B) Silverstoneia sp.; (C) Pristimantis aff. latidiscus; (D) Pristimantis aff. ridens.

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Figure 1 in Notes on the herpetofauna of Ismaros Mts. (Northern Greece, Rhodopi County)

Figure 1. Indicative map of the study area: location of the Ismaros Mts., Northern Greece (after Georgiev & Ivanova 2015).