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317 results for “Hierarchy”
A Factor Analysis Model for Dimension Reduction of Outcome Factors in Neonatal Seizure Context-Figure 2. Identified risk factors hierarchy
<p>AED - antiepileptic drug, CP - cerebral palsy, GDD - global developmental delay, GA - gestational age, BW- birth weight, RS - repeated/recurrent seizure, MD - type/mode of delivery, AS1 - Apgar score at 1 minute, AS5 - Apgar score at 5 minute, AS10 - Apgar score at 10 minute, SO - seizure onset, ST_EPI - status epilepticus, UBS - ultrasound brain scan, MSU- maternal substance used, MIS – maternal inflammatory state, PRM- prolonged rupture of membranes, PNN – postnatal neuroimaging, PNS – postnatal seizure. The most frequently identified risk factors were the EEG findings (abnormal / severe electroencephalogram results), seizure characteristics (type, onset, duration, semiology), etiology, birth weight, Apgar score, cerebral ultrasound scan findings (abnormal) (Figure 2).</p>
EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Patch: EOL Dynamic Hierarchy Patch 2.2
<p>A taxonomic patch for the <a href="https://eol.org/docs/eol-dynamic-hierarchy">EOL dynamic hierarchy</a>.</p>
Research data supporting the publication "Hierarchy of Topological Transitions in a Network Liquid"
<p>This dataset contains the data used to produce each of the figures in the manuscript "Hierarchy of Topological Transitions in a Network Liquid" published in PNAS. The dataset includes configuration files for the dendrimer system generated via NPT Monte Carlo simulations and the topological analysis of the networks formed by the dendrimer particles.</p>
Large mass hierarchies from strongly-coupled dynamics—Data release
<p>This release contains data associated with the publication <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04258">Large mass hierarchies from strongly-coupled dynamics</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">JHEP 06 (2016) 114</a>)</p> <p>It comprises four files:</p> <ul> <li><code>README.md</code>: Containing this information, and a more detailed description of the dataset.</li> <li><code>Fig4.csv</code>: the data shown in Figure 4 of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">the paper</a>. The mass $M$ of composite spin-0 and spin-2 states, and their excitations, computed for $c_1 = 0 = A_0$, as a function of $\Delta$, for $r_{UV} = 25$ and $r_{IR} = 10^{-6}$, normalised to the mass $M_0$ of the lightest scalar.</li> <li><code>Fig5.csv</code>: the data shown in Figure 5 of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">the paper</a>. The mass $M$ of the composite spin-0 and spin-2 states, computed for $c_1 = 0 = A_0$, as a function of $-A(r_{IR}) = \log (\Lambda_0 / \Lambda_{IR})$, for $\Delta = 1.5$, normalised to the mass $M_T$ of the lightest tensor. $A(r_{UV}) - A(r_{IR})$ is fixed to 8.</li> <li><code>DataRelease.nb</code>: A Mathematica notebook that will take the above two files and generate plots similar to those shown in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">the paper</a>.</li> </ul> <p> </p>
Resources for "BMF CP 94: Temperature and rainfall as predictors of embeddedness and hierarchy cultural values"
<p><span>The current study is conducted to examine the following research questions:</span><span><span><span> </span></span></span></p> <ul> <li><span>How are the temperature and rainfall associated with the countries’ cultural values of embeddedness and hierarchy cultural values?</span></li> </ul>
Resources for "BMF CP 95: Temperature and population density as predictors of embeddedness and hierarchy cultural values "
<p><span>The current study is conducted to examine the following research questions:</span></p> <ul> <li><span>How are the temperature and population density associated with the countries’ cultural values of embeddedness and hierarchy cultural values?</span></li> </ul>
Effect of social context on behaviour in anemonefish hierarchies
<p>Animal social groups can be organized in hierarchies where individual status determines privileges within the group, and stability is maintained through conflict (aggression-submission) and cooperation. Aggression, submission, and cooperation are not homogeneous among group members and are influenced by social context and associated trade-offs. However, studies of rank-specific behaviours are rare which limits our understanding of these patterns. Here, we performed rank ascension experiments using 15 groups of <em>Amphiprion clarkii</em>, a relatively mobile anemonefish, to assess rank-specific behaviour related to social context. We showed that: promoted ranks increased cooperation rates compared to non-promoted ranks to fulfil the tasks associated with their new status within the group; group size had no effect on group cooperation rates and subordinates did not increase cooperation after group size reduction; and frequency of one-on-one agonistic encounters within the group was asymmetric and higher for lower ranks. Thus, subordinates modulate rates of cooperative behaviour according to their status, irrespective of their body size or group size, and experience more conflict than dominants as they attempt to maintain their position in the hierarchy and avoid eviction. We provide evidence that social context in the form of rank has an important effect on individual behaviour and appears to be the key driver of cooperation and within-group conflict.</p>
Learning Unsupervised Hierarchies of Audio Concepts
<p>Dataset of our paper <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.11231">"Learning Unsupervised Hierarchies of Audio Concepts"</a> published at the <a href="https://ismir2022.ismir.net/">ISMIR 2022</a> conference.</p> <p>For usage examples, please refer to our code repository at <a href="https://github.com/deezer/concept_hierarchy">github.com/deezer/concept_hierarchy</a>.</p> <p><strong>Paper abstract</strong></p> <p>Music signals are difficult to interpret from their low-level features, perhaps even more than images: e.g. highlighting part of a spectrogram or an image is often insufficient to convey high-level ideas that are genuinely relevant to humans. In computer vision, concept learning was therein proposed to adjust explanations to the right abstraction level (e.g. detect clinical concepts from radiographs). These methods have yet to be used for MIR.<br> In this paper, we adapt concept learning to the realm of music, with its particularities. For instance, music concepts are typically non-independent and of mixed nature (e.g. genre, instruments, mood), unlike previous work that assumed disentangled concepts. We propose a method to learn numerous music concepts from audio and then automatically hierarchise them to expose their mutual relationships. We conduct experiments on datasets of playlists from a music streaming service, serving as a few annotated examples for diverse concepts. Evaluations show that the mined hierarchies are aligned with both ground-truth hierarchies of concepts -- when available -- and with proxy sources of concept similarity in the general case.</p> <p><strong>Citation</strong></p> <p>If you use this material, please consider citing our work with the following:</p> <pre><code>@inproceedings{afchar2022learning, title={Learning Unsupervised Hierarchies of Audio Concepts}, author={Afchar, Darius and Hennequin, Romain and Guigue, Vincent}, booktitle={International Society of Music Information Retrieval Conference (ISMIR)}, year={2022} }</code></pre> <p><strong>How can I send you a love letter?</strong></p> <p>You can contact us at <a href="mailto:research@deezer.com?subject=Dataset%20ISMIR%20Afchar">research@deezer.com</a>.</p>
Data for Linking Experimental and Ab-initio Thermochemistry of Adsorbates with a Generalized Thermochemical Hierarchy
<p>Data and scripts for the preprint "Linking Experimental and Ab-initio Thermochemistry of Adsorbates with a Generalized Thermochemical Hierarchy".</p>
Data for: Position in the plant size hierarchy is not heritable
<p><span>The rate of fitness evolution is largely determined by the amount of genetic variation for fitness in the population. In many plant populations, a few large individuals often occur alongside many more, smaller individuals. In annual plants, size is highly correlated with fitness. The contribution of genetic variation to position in the plant size hierarchy has not been investigated. We genotyped individuals at opposing positions in the plant size distribution in a natural population of the annual plant <em>Impatiens</em> <em>capensis</em> (Jewelweed). No significant genetic variation for position in the size hierarchy was detected when population structure was accounted for. This result suggests that the rate of evolution for increased plant fitness is constrained by low levels of standing genetic variation.</span></p>
Large mass hierarchies from strongly-coupled dynamics---Recombined data release
<p>This release contains data associated with the publication <a href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1605.04258">Large mass hierarchies from strongly-coupled dynamics</a> (<a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">JHEP 06 (2016) 114</a>).</p> <p>Compared to <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13128485">the raw data release</a>, it makes the following changes:</p> <ul> <li>The two CSV files present in <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13128485">the raw data release</a> are combined, with a common column schema. Since not all data were retained from all steps of the original computation, some of these data have been recomputed.</li> <li>The lattice data plotted in Figs. 2 and 3 of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">the paper</a> are also included, and plotted by the Mathematica notebook.</li> </ul> <p>It comprises five files:</p> <ul> <li><code>README.md</code>: containing this summary and further details of the contents of each file.</li> <li><code>su2_adjoint_lattice_data.csv</code>: the data for the points plotted in Figures 2 and 3 of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">the paper</a>. Masses of the scalar and tensor glueball, extracted from Monte Carlo ensembles of SU(2) with adjoint fermions.</li> <li><code>sigmamodel.csv</code>: the data shown in Figures 4 and 5 of <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">the paper</a>. The mass of the composite spin-0 and spin-2 states, computed for , as a function of , normalised to the mass of the lightest scalar or tensor.</li> <li><code>DataRelease.nb</code>: A Mathematica notebook that will take the above three files and generate plots similar to thsoe shown in <a href="https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2016)114">the paper</a>. This has been tested using Mathematica 14.0.</li> <li><code>unify_lmh_2016.zip</code>: A Snakemake and Python workflow to take the data from <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13128485">the raw data release</a>, some data released as part of <a href="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.12802810">the analysis workflow for arXiv:2408.00171</a>, and some previously unpublished data included in the archive, and generate the two CSV files above. Includes a <code>README.md</code> file containing more information about how to run the workflow.</li> </ul>
Data from: Luck, skill, and depth of competition in games and social hierarchies
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
U.S. Appeals and Supreme Court dataset for: Judicial hierarchy and discursive influence
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: The stronger, the better – trait hierarchy is driving alien species interaction
Multiple invaders commonly co-occur in native ecosystems and in some cases have been shown to facilitate each other thus exacerbating impacts on native species, while in other cases one invader may reduce the impact of another due to competition. We therefore aimed at identifying mechanisms driving alien species interactions. We conducted a common garden experiment investigating all pairwise combinations of 20 alien annual plant species in Germany. We first tested whether competition or facilitation occurred more often. Secondly, we determined whether individual traits, hierarchical or absolute trait distances, multivariate trait or phylogenetic distance explained alien plant interactions best. Thirdly, we assessed whether accounting for trait plasticity explains plant performance better than species-level trait averages. While the magnitude of interspecific competition compared to intraspecific competition was on average larger across the 190 alien species combinations, interspecific facilitation still occurred in 24% of cases. Interactions could be better explained by hierarchical trait distances which reflect competitive ability, compared to phylogenetic and multivariate trait distance (reflecting niche differences). This finding supports criticisms about the applicability of testing limiting similarity versus environmental filtering and the community phylogenetic approach. Specifically, when growing taller and having a lower specific leaf area than the co-occurring alien neighbour, biomass and seed number of individuals in mixture increased compared to growing alone. Effects of seed mass, root:shoot ratio and flowering time depended on the performance measure. In contrast to recent suggestions, accounting for trait plasticity did not necessarily explain plant performance better than models using species-level trait averages. These results advance our fundamental understanding of trait-interaction relationships, strengthening recent findings on the importance of competitive hierarchy in shaping interactions and community structure. In particular, applying these concepts to the novel case of alien-alien interactions, is crucial given the continuing accumulation of alien species around the globe.
Social hierarchy reveals thermoregulatory trade-offs in response to repeated stressors
<p>Coping with stressors can require substantial energetic investment, and when resources are limited, such investment can preclude simultaneous expenditure on other biological processes. Among endotherms, energetic demands of thermoregulation can also be immense, yet our understanding of whether a stress response is sufficient to induce changes in thermoregulatory investment is limited. Using the black-capped chickadee as a model species, we tested a hypothesis that stress-induced changes in surface temperature (T<sub>s</sub>), a well-documented phenomenon across vertebrates, stem from trade-offs between thermoregulation and stress responsiveness. Because social subordination is known to constrain access to resources in this species, we predicted that Ts and dry heat loss of social subordinates, but not social dominants, would fall under stress exposure at low ambient temperatures (T<sub>a</sub>), and rise under stress exposure at high T<sub>a</sub>, thus permitting a reduction in total energetic expenditure toward thermoregulation. To test our predictions, we exposed four social groups of chickadees to repeated stressors and control conditions across a Ta gradient (n=30 days/treatment/group), whilst remotely monitoring social interactions and T<sub>s</sub>. Supporting our hypothesis, we show that: (1) social subordinates (n=12), who fed less than social dominants and alone experienced stress-induced mass-loss, displayed significantly larger changes in T<sub>s</sub> following stress exposure than social dominants (n=8), and (2) stress-induced changes in Ts significantly increased heat conservation at low T<sub>a</sub> and heat dissipation at high T<sub>a</sub> among social subordinates alone. These results suggest that chickadees adjust their thermoregulatory strategies during stress exposure when resources are limited by ecologically relevant processes.</p> <p> </p>
Data from: A meta-analysis of plant interaction networks reveals competitive hierarchies as well as facilitation and intransitivity
The extent to which competitive interactions and niche differentiation structure communities has been highly controversial. To quantify evidence for key features of plant community structure, I recharacterized published data from interaction experiments as networks of competitive and facilitative interactions. I measured the network structure of 31 woody and herbaceous communities, including the intensity, distribution, and diversity of interactions at the species-pair and community level to determine the generality of competition, winner-loser relationships, and unequal interaction allocation. I developed novel methodology using meta-analysis to incorporate interaction uncertainty into estimates of structural metrics among independent networks. Plant communities were competitive, but intraspecific interactions were sometimes more intense than interspecific interactions. On the whole, interactions were imbalanced and communities were transitive. However, facilitation, balanced interactions, and intransitivity were common in individual communities. Synthesizing network metrics using meta-analysis is an original approach with which to generalize community structure in a systematic way.
Data from: Fighting over food unites the birds of North America in a continental dominance hierarchy
Members of different species often engage in aggressive contests over resources. This series of aggressive contests between species may result in an interspecific dominance hierarchy. Such hierarchies are of interest because they could be used to address a variety of research questions, for example, do similarly ranked species tend to avoid each other in time or space, and what will happen when such species come into contact as climates change? Here, we propose a method for creating a continental-scale hierarchy, and we make initial analyses based on this hierarchy. Leveraging the existing network of citizen scientists from Project FeederWatch, we collected the data with which to create a continent-spanning interspecific dominance hierarchy that included species that do not currently have overlapping geographic distributions. We quantified the extent of intransitivities (rock-paper-scissors relationships) in the hierarchy, as intransitivities can promote local species' coexistence. Overall, the hierarchy was nearly linear, and largely predicted by body mass, although there were clade-specific deviations from the average mass–dominance relationship. Warblers and orioles, for instance, were more dominant than expected based on their body mass, while buntings, grosbeaks, and doves were less dominant than expected. Intransitive relationships were rare. Few interactions were reported between close relatives and ecological competitors like Mountain and Black-capped Chickadees, as such species often have only marginally overlapping geographic distributions, restricting opportunity for observation. Yet, these species' ranks—emergent properties of the network—were often in agreement with targeted studies of dominance relationships between them.
Bioactive compound classes from ChEMBL20 for molecular hierarchy
<p>Compound structure, scaffold, and CSK of 78,150 (all) and 54,042 (only compounds with a scaffold shared by at least one another compound) compounds, respectively, are provided herein. In addition, each compound is annotated with target and potency information.</p>
Marx: Uncovering Class Hierarchies in C++ Programs - (Evaluation Data)
<p>Evaluation data of the published paper: "MARX: Uncovering Class Hierarchies in C++ Programs". The paper was published at the Symposium on Network and Distributed System Security (NDSS) 2017.</p> <p>The paper is available at: https://www.syssec.rub.de/research/publications/marx/</p> <p><br> Abstract:</p> <p>Reverse engineering of binary executables is a difficult task which gets more involved by the way compilers translate high-level concepts used in paradigms such as object-oriented programming into native code, as it is the case for C++. Such code is harder to grasp than, e. g., traditional procedural code, since it is generally more verbose and adds complexity through features such as polymorphism or inheritance. Hence, a deep understanding of interactions between instantiated objects, their corresponding classes, and the connection between classes would vastly reduce the time it takes an analyst to understand the application. The growth in complexity in contemporary C++ applications only amplifies the effect.</p> <p>In this paper, we introduce Marx, an analysis framework to reconstruct class hierarchies of C++ programs and resolve virtual callsites. We have evaluated the results on a diverse set of large, real-world applications. Our experimental results show that our approach achieves a high precision (93.2% of the hierarchies reconstructed accurately for Node.js, 88.4% for MySQL Server) while keeping analysis times practical. Furthermore, we show that, despite any imprecision in the analysis, the derived information can be reliably used in classic software security hardening applications without breaking programs. We showcase this property for two applications built on top of the output of our framework: vtable protection and type-safe object reuse. This demonstrates that, in addition to traditional reverse engineering applications, Marx can aid in implementing concrete, valuable tools e. g., in the domain of exploit mitigations.</p>
Spatiotemporal brain hierarchies of auditory memory recognition and predictive coding - Nature Communications
<p>The full analysis pipeline used in this study is available at the following link: </p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11072410</p> <p>Additional in-house-built code and functions used in this study are part of the LBPD repository which is available at the following link: </p> <p>https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10701724</p> <p> </p> <p>Abstract</p> <p>Our brain is constantly extracting, predicting, and recognising key spatiotemporal features of the physical world in order to survive. While neural processing of visuospatial patterns has been extensively studied, the hierarchical brain mechanisms underlying conscious recognition of auditory sequences and the associated prediction errors remain elusive. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we describe the brain functioning of 83 participants during recognition of previously memorised musical sequences and systematic variations. The results show feedforward connections originating from auditory cortices, and extending to the hippocampus, anterior cingulate gyrus, and medial cingulate gyrus. Simultaneously, we observe backward connections operating in the opposite direction. Throughout the sequences, the hippocampus and cingulate gyrus maintain the same hierarchical level, except for the final tone, where the cingulate gyrus assumes the top position within the hierarchy. The evoked responses of memorised sequences and variations engage the same hierarchical brain network but systematically differ in terms of temporal dynamics, strength, and polarity. Furthermore, induced-response analysis shows that alpha and beta power is stronger for the variations, while gamma power is enhanced for the memorised sequences. This study expands on the predictive coding theory by providing quantitative evidence of hierarchical brain mechanisms during conscious memory and predictive processing of auditory sequences.</p> <p> </p> <p>The data is provided after pre-processing (Maxfilter, ICA for removing eye blink and heart beat, co-registration with the individual MRI T1) and epoching.</p> <p>Source data files are provided for Supplementary Figures and Tables (referred to as Supplementary Data in the paper).</p> <p>Supplementary Figures are provided in PDF format in high resolution.</p>
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These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.