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52 results for “Island colonization”
Data from: The relative roles of cultural drift and acoustic adaptation in shaping syllable repertoires of island bird populations change with time since colonization
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Data from: Genetic, morphological and acoustic evidence reveals lack of diversification in the colonization process in an island bird
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Data for: Lava crickets (Caconemobius spp.) on Hawai´i Island: first colonizers or persisters in extreme habitats?
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Data from: Niche shifts after island colonization spurred adaptive diversification and speciation in a cosmopolitan bird clade
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Microsatellite data from: Multiple colonizations and genetic differentiation from the mainland populations in insular populations of the perennial herb Solidago virgaurea complex (Asteraceae) on recently formed nearshore oceanic islands
<p><b>Aim: </b>Although the evolution of island endemic plants has long been investigated, the majority of such studies have focused on species with remarkable levels of morphological variation and on islands substantially far from the mainland. Except for a few examples such as the Canary Islands, endemic plants on nearshore oceanic islands have received less attention. In this study, we examined the <i>Solidago virgaurea </i>complex on the Japanese mainland Honshu and the adjacent Izu Islands to investigate the population genetic structure and dynamics in plants endemic to nearshore and recently formed oceanic islands.</p> <p><b>Location: </b>Japanese mainland Honshu and the adjacent Izu Islands</p> <p><b>Taxon: </b><i>Solidago virgaurea</i> (Asteraceae)</p> <p><b>Methods: </b>Sixteen and nine populations of <i>S. virgaurea</i> complex were sampled from the mainland and islands, respectively; phylogeographic and population genetics analyses were performed using plastid DNA and nuclear microsatellite DNA variations.</p> <p><b>Results: </b>Phylogenetically close plastid DNA haplotypes were shared between the mainland and islands, although the populations of <i>S. virgaurea</i> from different islands tended to exhibit phylogenetically distinct haplotypes. Admixture analyses based on nuclear DNA variations revealed distinct genetic structures between the mainland and island populations. Gene flow among islands is restricted but may partially offset genetic drift on each island.</p> <p><b>Main conclusions: </b>The genetic structure observed in this study may not have originated from a single dispersal event and successive expansion but rather from at least three colonization events and subsequent gene flow among island populations. Based on the nuclear DNA variations, the Izu Island populations of <i>S. virgaurea</i> are genetically distinct from the mainland ones. Repeated colonization events may have provided sufficient genetic diversity, which would generally be susceptible to founder effects and exert a driving force for evolutionary adaptation, to these oceanic island populations.</p>
Fig. 9 in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 9 Photograph of the supposed new species for Trinidad found in 1980 by M. Read
Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage
<p><strong>Aim: </strong>One of the main goals of functional biogeography is to examine distribution patterns of trait diversity, and islands provide excellent study cases for this emerging field. We tested the hypothesis that multiple dispersals from a common mainland pool would promote functional similarity among island systems when environmental conditions are similar, but also novel phenotypic traits related to colonization history and exploitation of new habitats.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Mediterranean Basin and Macaronesian islands</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We used the well-known biogeographical history of a woody plant complex (Periploca laevigata s.l.) to examine trait variation and how it relates to climatic conditions of mainland and subtropical island settings. In a common garden experiment, we measured a suite of leaf physiological and anatomical traits tightly related to plant performance in 320 seedlings representing 21 populations of five sublineages: the oldest (2.6 my) island colonization (western Canary Islands) as a reference, three sublineages stemming from independent events of island colonization in the last 0.5 my from NW Africa (Cape Verde, Fuerteventura, Lanzarote), and their widespread Mediterranean mainland counterpart.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We observed strong phenotypic divergence between island and mainland sublineages linked to contrasting climatic conditions. Mediterranean mainland populations displayed a very specialized leaf phenotype characteristic of arid plants (i.e. small leaves, amphistomaty, isobilateral mesophyll, high photosynthetic rates). In turn, low seasonality on islands was linked to the recurrent expression of a phenotype characterized by larger leaves and lower photosynthetic rates. Our analyses showed that the high investment in secondary compounds (i.e. tannins) on islands decouples photosynthesis from growth rates. Despite this pattern of parallel differentiation, each island sublineage displayed a distinctive phenotype, with some traits related to colonization time, which resulted in a mosaic of functional variation across island systems.</p> <p><strong>Main conclusions: </strong>Our data suggest that the studied subtropical islands promote expression of traits specific to certain sublineages and other common traits that are no untypeset proof Page 2 of 50 Journal of Biogeography longer adaptive in the original mainland pool due to Pleistocene climatic shifts. These findings ultimately extend the role of islands as biodiversity refugia and hotspots of plant functional diversity.</p>
Data from: Autofertility and self-compatibility moderately benefit island colonization of plants
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Leaf functional traits and insular colonization: subtropical islands as a melting pot of trait diversity in a widespread plant lineage
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Microsatellite data from: Multiple colonizations and genetic differentiation from the mainland populations in insular populations of the perennial herb Solidago virgaurea complex (Asteraceae) on recently formed nearshore oceanic islands
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Fig. 3 in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 3 MCC discrete coalescent tree of 12S rDNA, 16S rDNA, COI, RAG-1, and TYR sequences. Node circles in red represent posterior probabilities (>0.95) and black nodes (<0.95) and their sizes indicate lower support. Blue bars by nodes denote 95% highest posterior density ranges. The map depicted at the lower left represents the marine incursions in northwestern South America (in dark blue) and the PEBAS wetland lake (light blue) and the red arrows point to likely dispersal routes. The drawing of water in the tree depicts the timing of marine incursions in the Llanos Basin and in the Amazonas/Solimões Basin.
Fig. 2 in Unraveling unique island colonization events in Elachistocleis frogs: phylogeography, cryptic divergence, and taxonomical implications
Fig. 2 Bayesian tree inferred by Mr. Bayes based on the data set (n = 91) of concatenated 12S, 16S rDNA, COI, RAG-1, and TYR sequences. Values in red by nodes at each side (left and right) or top and bottom of the dash (/) represent Bayesian posterior probabilities (>90%) and Maximum Likelihood bootstrap values (>75%), respectively.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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