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123 results for “Landscape ecology”
Data from: Constrained optimization of landscape indices in conservation planning to support ecological restoration in New Caledonia
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Data from: Heading west: Ecology of swift foxes in a novel landscape beyond their range
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Field margins as ecological corridors: Uncovering connectivity in agricultural landscapes using high-resolution tracking data and translocation experiments
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Rain, recreation, and risk: Human activity and ecological disturbance create seasonal risk landscapes for the prey of an ambush predator
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Common barriers, but temporal dissonance: genomic tests suggest ecological and paleo-landscape sieves structure a coastal riverine fish community
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Data from: Species-habitat relationships and ecological correlates of butterfly abundance in a transformed tropical landscape
Tropical butterfly conservation strategies often focus on total and/or common species richness to assess the conservation value of a patch or habitat. However, such a strategy overlooks the unique dynamics of rare species. We evaluated the species-habitat relationships of 209 common, intermediate, and rare butterfly species (including morphospecies) across four habitat types (mature, degraded, or fragmented forest, and urban parks) and two patch sizes (<400 ha, ≥400 ha) in Singapore. Common species richness was consistent across habitat types. Intermediate species richness declined by more than 50 percent in urban parks (relative to all forest habitats), and rare species richness was reduced by 50 percent in degraded and fragmented forest and by 90 percent in urban parks (relative to mature forest). Large patches had comparable overall richness to small patches, but they supported more rare species and three times as many habitat-restricted species over a similar area. Importantly, a number of rare species were confined to single small patches. Mixed-effects regression models were constructed to identify habitat and ecological/life history variables associated with butterfly abundance. These models revealed that species with greater habitat specialization, rare larval host plants, few larval host plant genera, and narrow global geographic ranges were more likely to be rare species. Overall, these results demonstrate that the richness of habitat-restricted and rare species do not follow the same spatial distribution patterns as common species. Therefore, while conserving mature forests is key, effective butterfly conservation in a transformed landscape should take into account rare and habitat-restricted species.
Data from: Connecting the data landscape of long-term ecological studies: the SPI-Birds data hub
<p>1. The integration and synthesis of the data in different areas of science is drastically slowed and hindered by a lack of standards and networking programmes. Long-term studies of individually marked animals are not an exception. These studies are especially important as instrumental for understanding evolutionary and ecological processes in the wild. Further, their number and global distribution provides a unique opportunity to assess the generality of patterns and to address broad-scale global issues (e.g. climate change).</p> <p>2. To solve data integration issues and enable a new scale of ecological and evolutionary research based on long-term studies of birds, we have created the SPI-Birds Network and Database (www.spibirds.org) – a large-scale initiative that connects data from, and researchers working on, studies of wild populations of individually recognizable (usually ringed) birds. Within year and a half since the establishment, SPI-Birds has recruited over 120 members, and currently hosts data on almost 1.5 million individual birds collected in 80 populations over 2000 cumulative years, and counting.</p> <p>3. SPI-Birds acts as a data hub and a catalogue of studied populations. It prevents data loss, secures easy data finding, use and integration, and thus facilitates collaboration and synthesis. We provide community-derived data and meta-data standards and improve data integrity guided by the principles of Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable (FAIR), and aligned with the existing metadata languages (e.g. ecological meta-data language).</p> <p>4. The encouraging community involvement stems from SPI-Bird's decentralized approach: research groups retain full control over data use and their way of data management, while SPI-Birds creates tailored pipelines to convert each unique data format into a standard format. We outline the lessons learned, so that other communities (e.g. those working on other taxa) can adapt our successful model. Creating community-specific hubs (such as ours, COMADRE for animal demography, etc.) will aid much-needed large-scale ecological data integration.</p>
Data from: Linking landscape-scale differences in forage to ungulate nutritional ecology
Understanding how habitat and nutritional condition affect ungulate populations is necessary for informing management, particularly in areas experiencing carnivore recovery and declining ungulate population trends. Variations in forage species availability, plant phenological stage, and the abundance of forage make it challenging to understand landscape-level effects of nutrition on ungulates. We developed an integrated spatial modeling approach to estimate landscape-level elk (Cervus elaphus) nutritional resources in two adjacent study areas that differed in coarse measures of habitat quality and related the consequences of differences in nutritional resources to elk body condition and pregnancy rates. We found no support for differences in dry matter digestibility between plant samples or in phenological stage based on ground sampling plots in the two study areas. Our index of nutritional resources, measured as digestible forage biomass, varied among landcover types and between study areas. We found that altered plant composition following fires was the biggest driver of differences in nutritional resources, suggesting that maintaining a mosaic of fire history and distribution will likely benefit ungulate populations. Study area, lactation status and year affected fall body fat of adult female elk. Elk in the study area exposed to lower summer range nutritional resources had lower nutritional condition entering winter. These differences in nutritional condition resulted in differences in pregnancy rate, with average pregnancy rates of 89% for elk exposed to higher nutritional resources and 72% for elk exposed to lower nutritional resources. Summer range nutritional resources have the potential to limit elk pregnancy rate and calf production, and these nutritional limitations may predispose elk to be more sensitive to the effects of harvest or predation. Wildlife managers should identify ungulate populations that are nutritionally limited and recognize that these populations may be more impacted by recovering carnivores or harvest than populations inhabiting more productive summer habitats.
Data from: From pristine forests to high-altitude pastures: an ecological approach to prehistoric human impact on vegetation and landscapes in the western Italian Alps
1. This paper addresses the origin and development of the oldest prehistoric pasture in the timberline ecotone known so far in the Alps and its relation to anthropogenic pressure and natural climate change. 2. Paleoecological and geochemical techniques were applied on the Crotte Basse mire stratigraphy (2365 m asl, western Italy) to describe changes in vegetation composition, forest biomass, land use and fertilization between ca. 6400 - 1800 yrs cal BP. 3. Subalpine forests dominated by Pinus cembra occurred at very high-altitude up to ca. 5600 yrs cal BP, when a sharp contraction of woody vegetation took place. This major vegetation shift is matched by increasing charcoal input and markers of pastoral/grazing activities (pollen, dung spores, and forms of phosphorus) in the sediment sequence in this small basin. 4. Major phases of landscape change detected in our multiproxy record chronologically match intervals of cumulative probability density of 14C ages from nearby archaeological sites, suggesting that human activity was the factor leading to massive landscape change from the onset of the Copper Age (ca. 5600 yrs cal BP). The change may have been reinforced by climate variability in the period 5700 - 5300 years cal BP. 5. Sensitivity of woody species to fires was statistically explored (Appendix S3 in Supporting Information), revealing negative reactions of Pinus cembra and Betula to frequent fire episodes and positive reactions of Alnus viridis and Juniperus. Fire episodes do not affect Larix dynamics. 6. Synthesis: Mt. Fallère provides some of the oldest and consistent evidence so far available in the Alps for major anthropogenic pressure at the upper forest limit. As far back as 5600 cal years BP, high-elevation forest ecosystems were permanently disrupted and the alpine pastures were created. Palaeoecological data enable a clear distinction between a random and sporadic use of the alpine space, typical for Mesolithic and Neolithic societies, and an organized seasonal exploitation of natural resources, starting from the Copper Age onwards. The chronological comparison of independent climate proxies, paleoecological information and pollen-based temperature reconstructions sheds light on the relationships between climate and humans since prehistoric times.
Data from: Examining the full effects of landscape heterogeneity on spatial genetic variation: a multiple matrix regression approach for quantifying geographic and ecological isolation
Understanding the effects of landscape heterogeneity on spatial genetic variation is a primary goal of landscape genetics. Ecological and geographic variables can contribute to genetic structure through geographic isolation, in which geographic barriers and distances restrict gene flow, and ecological isolation, in which gene flow among populations inhabiting different environments is limited by selection against dispersers moving between them. Although methods have been developed to study geographic isolation in detail, ecological isolation has received much less attention, partly because disentangling the effects of these mechanisms is inherently difficult. Here, I describe a novel approach for quantifying the effects of geographic and ecological isolation using multiple matrix regression with randomization. I explored the parameter space over which this method is effective using a series of individual-based simulations and found that it accurately describes the effects of geographic and ecological isolation over a wide range of conditions. I also applied this method to a set of real-world datasets to show that ecological isolation is an often overlooked but important contributor to patterns of spatial genetic variation and to demonstrate how this analysis can provide new insights into how landscapes contribute to the evolution of genetic variation in nature.
Data from: Forest trees in human modified landscapes: ecological and genetic drivers of recruitment failure in Dysoxylum malabaricum (Meliaceae)
Tropical agro-forest landscapes are global priority areas for biodiversity conservation. Little is known about the ability of these landscapes to sustain large late successional forest trees upon which much forest biodiversity depends. These landscapes are subject to fragmentation and additional habitat degradation which may limit tree recruitment and thus compromise numerous ecosystem services including carbon storage and timber production. Dysoxylum malabaricum is a large canopy tree species in the Meliaceae, a family including many important tropical timber trees. This species is found in highly fragmented forest patches within a complex agro-forest landscape of the Western Ghats biodiversity hot spot, South India. In this paper we combined a molecular assessment of inbreeding with ecological and demographic data to explore the multiple threats to recruitment of this tree species. An evaluation of inbreeding, using eleven microsatellite loci in 297 nursery-reared seedlings collected form low and high density forest patches embedded in an agro-forest matrix, shows that mating between related individuals in low density patches leads to reduced seedling performance. By quantifying habitat degradation and tree recruitment within these forest patches we show that increasing canopy openness and the increased abundance of pioneer tree species lead to a general decline in the suitability of forest patches for the recruitment of D. malabaricum. We conclude that elevated inbreeding due to reduced adult tree density coupled with increased degradation of forest patches, limit the recruitment of this rare late successional tree species. Management strategies which maintain canopy cover and enhance local densities of adult trees in agro-forest mosaics will be required to ensure D. malabaricum persists in these landscapes. Our study highlights the need for a holistic understanding of the incipient processes that threaten populations of many important and rare tropical tree species in human dominated agro-forest landscapes.
Data from: Adaptive landscape and functional diversity of Neotropical cichlids: implications for the ecology and evolution of Cichlinae (Cichlidae; Cichliformes)
Morphological, lineage and ecological diversity can vary substantially even among closely related lineages. Factors that influence morphological diversification, especially in functionally relevant traits, can help to explain the modern distribution of disparity across phylogenies and communities. Multivariate axes of feeding functional morphology from 75 species of Neotropical cichlid and a stepwise-AIC algorithm were used to estimate the adaptive landscape of functional morphospace in Cichlinae. Adaptive landscape complexity and convergence, as well as the functional diversity of Cichlinae, were compared with expectations under null evolutionary models. Neotropical cichlid feeding function varied primarily between traits associated with ram feeding vs. suction feeding/biting and secondarily with oral jaw muscle size and pharyngeal crushing capacity. The number of changes in selective regimes and the amount of convergence between lineages was higher than expected under a null model of evolution, but convergence was not higher than expected under a similarly complex adaptive landscape. Functional disparity was compatible with an adaptive landscape model, whereas the distribution of evolutionary change through morphospace corresponded with a process of evolution towards a single adaptive peak. The continentally distributed Neotropical cichlids have evolved relatively rapidly towards a number of adaptive peaks in functional trait space. Selection in Cichlinae functional morphospace is more complex than expected under null evolutionary models. The complexity of selective constraints in feeding morphology has likely been a significant contributor to the diversity of feeding ecology in this clade.
Data from: Genomic landscape of early ecological speciation initiated by selection on nuptial colour
Ecological speciation is the evolution of reproductive isolation as a consequence of direct divergent natural selection or ecologically mediated divergent sexual selection. While the genomic signature of the former has been extensively studied in recent years, only few examples exist for genomic differentiation where environment-dependent sexual selection has played an important role. Here, we describe a very young (~90 years old) population of threespine sticklebacks exhibiting phenotypic and genomic differentiation between two habitats within the same pond. We show that differentiation among habitats is limited to male throat colour and nest type, traits known to be subject to sexual selection. Divergence in these traits mirrors divergence in much older benthic and limnetic stickleback species pairs from North American west coast lakes, which also occur in sympatry but are strongly reproductively isolated from each other. We demonstrate that in our population, differences in throat colour and breeding have been stable over a decade, but in contrast to North American benthic and limnetic stickleback species, these mating trait differences are not accompanied by divergence in morphology related to feeding, predator defence or swimming performance. Using genomewide SNP data, we find multiple genomic islands with moderate differentiation spread across several chromosomes, whereas the rest of the genome is undifferentiated. The islands contain potential candidate genes involved in visual perception of colour. Our results suggest that phenotypic and multichromosome genomic divergence of these morphs was driven by environment-dependent sexual selection, demonstrating incipient speciation after only a few decades of divergence in sympatry.
Data from: Combining landscape genomics and ecological modelling to investigate local adaptation of indigenous Ugandan cattle to East Coast fever
East Coast fever (ECF) is a fatal sickness affecting cattle populations of eastern, central, and southern Africa. The disease is transmitted by the tick Rhipicephalus appendiculatus, and caused by the protozoan Theileria parva parva, which invades host lymphocytes and promotes their clonal expansion. Importantly, indigenous cattle show tolerance to infection in ECF-endemically stable areas. Here, the putative genetic bases underlying ECF-tolerance were investigated using molecular data and epidemiological information from 823 indigenous cattle from Uganda. Vector distribution and host infection risk were estimated over the study area and subsequently tested as triggers of local adaptation by means of landscape genomics analysis. We identified 41 and seven candidate adaptive loci for tick resistance and infection tolerance, respectively. Among the genes associated with the candidate adaptive loci are PRKG1 and SLA2. PRKG1 was already described as associated with tick resistance in indigenous South African cattle, due to its role into inflammatory response. SLA2 is part of the regulatory pathways involved into lymphocytes' proliferation. Additionally, local ancestry analysis suggested the zebuine origin of the genomic region candidate for tick resistance.
Data from: Ecological opportunity and the evolution of habitat preferences in an arid-zone bird: implications for speciation in a climate-modified landscape
Bioclimatic models are widely used to investigate the impacts of climate change on species distributions. Range shifts are expected to occur as species track their current climate niche yet the potential for exploitation of new ecological opportunities that may arise as ecosystems and communities remodel is rarely considered. Here we show that grasswrens of the Amytornis textilis-modestus complex responded to new ecological opportunities in Australia's arid biome through shifts in habitat preference following the development of chenopod shrublands during the late Plio-Pleistocene. We find evidence of spatially explicit responses to climatically driven landscape changes including changes in niche width and patterns of population growth. Conservation of structural and functional aspects of the ancestral niche appear to have facilitated recent habitat shifts, while demographic responses to late Pleistocene climate change provide evidence for the greater resilience of populations inhabiting the recently evolved chenopod shrubland communities. Similar responses could occur under future climate change in species exposed to novel ecological conditions, or those already occupying spatially heterogeneous landscapes. Mechanistic models that consider structural and functional aspects of the niche along with regional hydro-dynamics may be better predictors of future climate responses in Australia's arid biome than bioclimatic models alone.
Data from: Social-ecological landscape patterns predict woody encroachment from native tree plantings in a temperate grassland
Afforestation is often viewed as the purposeful planting of trees in historically non-forested grasslands, but an unintended consequence is woody encroachment, which should be considered part of the afforestation process. In North America's temperate grassland biome, Eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.) is a native species used in tree plantings that aggressively invades in the absence of controlling processes. Cedar is a well-studied woody encroacher, but little is known about the degree to which cedar windbreaks, which are advocated for in agroforestry programs, are contributing to woody encroachment, what factors are associated with cedar spread from windbreaks, nor where encroachment from windbreaks is occurring in contemporary social–ecological landscapes. We used remotely sensed imagery to identify the presence and pattern of woody encroachment from windbreaks in the Nebraska Sandhills. We used multimodel inference to compare three classes of models representing three hypotheses about factors that could influence cedar spread: (a) windbreak models based on windbreak structure and design elements; (b) abiotic models focused on local environmental conditions; and (c) landscape models characterizing coupled human-natural features within the broader matrix. Woody encroachment was evident for 22% of sampled windbreaks in the Nebraska Sandhills. Of our candidate models, our inclusive landscape model carried 92% of the model weight. This model indicated that encroachment from windbreaks was more likely near roadways and less likely near farmsteads, other cedar plantings, and waterbodies, highlighting strong social ties to the distribution of woody encroachment from tree plantings across contemporary landscapes. Cedar control efforts are insufficient for nearly one-quarter of windbreaks in the Nebraska Sandhills. Our model findings indicate where additional investments into cedar control can be prioritized to prevent cedar spread from windbreaks. This approach can serve as a model in other temperate regions to identify where woody encroachment resulting from temperate agroforestry programs is emerging.
A systematic review of global road ecology camera trap studies that monitored animals' use of wildlife crossings in road-fragmented landscapes
<p>Much research has emphasised the importance of incorporating wildlife crossing-structures in the design of road networks to facilitate connectivity of wildlife crossings in road-fragmented landscapes. Although camera traps have been effective in monitoring wildlife crossing structures, limited studies explore camera trap protocol to monitor wildlife use of crossing structures, particularly in Africa. Our study reviewed and assessed camera trap peer-reviewed research that monitored the use of crossing-structures by wildlife to navigate landscapes fragmented by roads. We found 70 camera trap peer-reviewed publications from 2001 to 2022 that monitored wildlife use of crossing-structures in landscapes intersected by roads, and these were from 22 countries and six continents. The included peer-reviewed studies varied significantly globally, with geographical trends indicating that most studies were conducted in North America. However, the methods used varied considerably between studies, especially in terms of camera trap placement protocol (placement height of camera trap, survey length, and camera multi-shot settings). This showed that camera trap usage for monitoring animal use of crossing structures is still an emerging area of research, and there is a potential for developing a standardised protocol for each type of crossing structure design and size. Future camera trap studies exploring wildlife use of crossing-structures should consider monitoring existing crossing structures (culverts, bridges, and tunnels) as this provides a less costly method of restoring landscape connectivity. We recommend that further research develop a standardised camera trap protocol for monitoring wildlife using crossing-structures to reduce the threats to biodiversity.</p>
Economic and not ecological variables shape the sparing-sharing trade-off in a mixed cropping landscape
<p>1. The framework of land sparing vs. land sharing provides a useful analytical tool to address the crop-production/biodiversity trade-off. Despite multiple case-studies testing the sparing-sharing trade-off, this framework still lacks the ability to identify the conditions in which sparing, or sharing, would be the preferred strategy for pareto-optimizing both food-production and biodiversity. Under some conditions, ecosystem services may create a positive feedback between biodiversity and crop production, affecting the optimization.</p> <p>2. This study aims to identify the conditions and the relevant variables that determine the preferred land-use strategy in terms of maximizing both biodiversity and food production, while accounting for positive feedback of ecosystem services in this analysis. We used a simulation model with data from a mixed cropping landscape (100 km<sup>2</sup>) covering seven crop types, five taxonomic groups, three biodiversity metrics and 23 bioindicators to explore the variables shaping the biodiversity-production trade-off and ecosystem services underlying it. We explored a continuum of sparing large semi-natural patches to sharing by maintaining uncultivated field margins of varying size.</p> <p>3. Land sparing outperformed land sharing in 62% of the scenarios and it was economically more predictable. The optimization was shaped by costs, associated with crop type, rather than by landscape composition and configuration, biodiversity metric, taxonomic group or bioindicator.</p> <p>4. Landscape configuration and taxonomic group results corroborate the notion that land sharing benefits mainly small organisms, and that the common width of field-margins in many agri-environmental policies (10 m) is not cost-effective compared to land sparing.</p> <p>5. Land sharing was the optimal strategy whenever it resulted in minimal costs, despite contributing little to biodiversity. Yet, when field margins were >20 m wide (small-scale sparing), land sharing maintained higher biodiversity and was at least as cost-effective as sparing.</p> <p>6. <em>Synthesis and applications</em>. Our model highlights the importance of socio-economic variables compared to ecological variables in selecting land-management strategy to pareto-optimize both food production and biodiversity. Considering opportunity costs alongside economic benefits from ecosystem services in various cropping systems may therefore improve the cost-effectiveness of biodiversity conservation policies in agricultural landscapes.</p>
Effectiveness of agri-environmental management on pollinators is moderated more by ecological contrast than by landscape structure or land-use intensity
<p>Study dataset</p>
Knowledge needed for large-scale landscape restoration projects: scientific and experiential. 13.2B Session, Society for Ecological Restoration Conference 2024, Room Hurt, 16:30 -18:00, Thursday, 29th August
<p><strong>Disclaimer: </strong>The DOI of this video does not apply to the content of the slides of the contributors' presentations during this session. The authors of each communication maintain their copyright on the content of the presentations' slides.</p> <p><strong>The creators' roles were as follows:</strong> I. V. A., chair, session coordinator, and presenter; B. S., session coordinator; E. P. M., session coordinator, and presenter; H. J., presenter; F. S., presenter; W. E., presenter; G. M., presenter; and P. I., presenter.</p> <p><strong>Session description</strong></p> <p>This session aimed to explore the critical capacities and functions relevant to the large-scale ecosystem restoration (LER) economy and point out the complementarity of scientific and experiential knowledge and the key role of case studies in increasing this resilience. The restoration economy can be defined as “the market consisting of a network of businesses, investors, consumers, and government initiatives engaging in or driving the economic activity related to ecological restoration.” Its segment dealing with LER can be delimited by the large complexity of the system related to the natural, legislative, institutional, funding, project structure, and organizational network to implement the project, as well as of the economic sectors involved in implementing the projects. Success or failure depends on the interplay between the variables describing the environment of the project, its structure, and its functioning. For success, the uptake of scientific information is as important as the experiential (tacit) knowledge of practitioners, stakeholders, and policymakers. Scientific knowledge can be delivered to the LER economy by structures (models) and data (variables and measurements/estimations of their values). Still, in practice, it is often not a limiting resource. Experiential knowledge can be transferred to some extent by narratives (stories, opinions, examples in common language). The role of case studies for LER is to provide hints about what worked and did not work in other situations and, on this basis, to prepare the adaptive management and increase the resilience of each new project. The session provided opportunities for scientists to interact with practitioners about the problem of LER adaptive management and illustrate the issues with examples of scientific knowledge transfer to current or potential projects and case studies. The session was conceived as crosscutting the missions of the LER and European sections of the Society of Ecological Restoration. It is relevant for the development of the restoration economy in the EU through the implementation of the future European Nature Restoration Law, its effectiveness, and its efficiency.</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Session report</strong></p> <p><em><strong>Three key elements emerged from the session:</strong></em></p> <p>· Even though there is a widespread need for this kind of knowledge in all phases of project and program cycle development, the role of experiential knowledge/ know-how in ecological restoration is not explicitly treated.</p> <p>· The proprietary know-how can be included in portfolios of patents for technologies and services needed in landscape restoration, which are open-access or undisclosed by practitioners. These types are functionally complementary in the restoration industry and appropriate for specific circumstances.</p> <p>· One can test hypotheses about the role of experiential knowledge in the success of landscape restoration through changes in human resources and human resource formation practice by including people or practices that increase the role of experiential knowledge in the overall knowledge capital available in the social ecosystem implementing the restoration programs and projects.</p> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Narrative of the session:</strong></em></p> <p>The session showed exciting complementarity between various restoration project phases and provided solid arguments about the importance of experiential knowledge [1]. In the first communication, Jeoelen showed us social science research about what factors positively and negatively control cooperation in the restoration ecosystem of individuals, private organizations, NGOs, and public institutions. Then, she provided information about guidelines for practitioners about how to build trustful relations. She was asked what solutions one has when there are people in the team with undesirable traits, and the answer was to avoid such persons from the very beginning or, if one needs that in the team for other qualities, to discuss with them explicitly the problems. The second speaker, Sebastian, contributed with a complex process-based socio-ecological model presentation and its use in decision-making. His question was about the possibility of including details of cost-benefit analysis in the models of stakeholders' decisions, and the answer was that, in principle, it is possible. However, one must also consider the model's optimal complexity in terms of incertitude propagation. In the third presentation, Pal and Erik presented the practical approach to peatland restoration in catchments from Norway. In their context, it seemed feasible because of data available for hydrological modeling from other state monitoring systems and the fact that most restoration projects occurred on public land.</p> <p>Several examples demonstrated the approach's success in a catchment near Oslo, where the public's interest in recreation is high, and there is support for restoration. The question from the audience related their work to the first presentation of the session topic, namely human resources and trust building with stakeholders. In their context, the usual interactions and roundtables with stakeholders before the start of the projects, as well as continuous formal and informal communication in the implementation phase, were enough to build the needed social capital for a successful restoration outcome. In the first online presentation, Martina provided details about non-formal education projects in marine areas that need restoration ecology. The target group was children, but the projects also engaged adults and environmental professionals from the local socio-ecological systems, thus propagating the informed trust building to the whole community. Her details pointed out the experiential approach in education. Iulia from WWF Romania underlined the importance of case studies in communicating restoration's positive and negative aspects to practitioners. She touched on critical points of experiential knowledge related to the genuine national-scale social interest in restoration, despite the significant interest of local users and local authorities and even the existence of funding for restoration. The lack of cooperation between institutions is a limiting factor for up-scaling the restoration to the full Lower Danube River scale. Even in these conditions, WWF-Romania managed to implement many restoration projects on the Danube River and built a solid relationship with the local people by putting an equal accent on nature and people in the design and implementation phase of the projects. Iulia was asked what they do when there are problems with environmental management (such as illegal garbage disposal) that are not formally relevant to the restoration project but occur in the communities they work with. The answer was that they adopted a proactive and solution-oriented approach and started discussions with the people to identify potential solutions and even develop new projects in cooperation that targeted those problems. Finally, Virgil referred to the audience to the content of this supplementary material, as available on the WhatsApp group of the conference in its preliminary form, and communicated about the cross-cutting session 13.0 from Friday as a framework for further discussion of the issues and disentangling opportunities and challenges in landscape restoration. His presentation showed the relationship between scientific knowledge and experiential one (know-how) in the technology readiness level system. It illustrated this notion by developing a TRL6 environmental service for the cumulative impact assessment of multiple active management actions in contaminated river basins, including restoration of buffer zones and control of mining point sources by remediation projects [2].</p> <p> </p> <p><em><strong>Operational concept of experiential knowledge</strong>:</em></p> <p>· Experiential knowledge is undiscursive knowledge needed for practical activities, particularly ecological restoration.</p> <p>· Related terms: know-how, tacit knowledge.</p> <p>· We acquire it by working with experienced people, and the chains of transfer lead to practical traditions.</p> <p>· It can be transferred to some extent by narratives, films, etc, formally communicated by case studies in professional societies, but personal interactions are decisive for the successful transfer.</p> <p>· It complements scientific knowledge, forming the knowledge capital needed for ecological restoration.</p> <p>· It can be proprietary, non-proprietary, disclosed, and undisclosed.</p> <p>· Its availability geographically and in specific phases of the restoration programs and project cycles limits the success of the restoration.</p> <p>· Due to its complexity, large-scale ecosystem/landscape restoration is highly sensitive to the impact of a lack of experiential knowledge.</p> <p>· Experiential knowledge is needed at the first level in all phases of the program and project cycles and in all themes associated with landscape restoration (at general objectives formulation, implementation/monitoring, financing, and supporting the local economies). Appendix 1 of the full report [1] shows a potential distribution of the contributions to landscape restoration sessions and workshops by these themes, referring in several cases to experiential knowledge).</p> <p>· An extra level of experiential knowledge is needed to successfully transfer first-level know-how/ experiential knowledge.</p> <p>· Despite its unstructured and informal/unprocedural reality, one can test hypotheses about the role of experiential knowledge in the success of landscape restoration through changes in human resources and human resource formation practice by including people or practices that increase the role of experiential knowledge in the overall knowledge capital available in the social ecosystem implementing the restoration programs and projects. This complements the challenge of hypotheses testing at scientific standards of active measures in restoring ecological networks (large-scale ecosystems, landscapes).</p> <p><em><strong>Notes</strong></em></p> <p>[1] For the place of the contributions of this session in the general landscape of the conference, one can download the full report here: <a href="https://virgiliordache.com/2024/08/31/scientific-vs-experiential-knowledge-13-2b-session-report-sere-2024-tartu-estonia/">https://virgiliordache.com/2024/08/31/scientific-vs-experiential-knowledge-13-2b-session-report-sere-2024-tartu-estonia/</a></p> <p>[2] The pdf of his presentation is available for download at <a href="https://virgiliordache.com/2024/08/24/grounding-the-landscape-scale-restoration-for-biogeochemical-services-on-cumulative-impact-assessment-a-process-based-approach/">https://virgiliordache.com/2024/08/24/grounding-the-landscape-scale-restoration-for-biogeochemical-services-on-cumulative-impact-assessment-a-process-based-approach/</a></p> <p><strong>Acknowledgments</strong></p> <p>We thank the organizers of the SERE 2024 conference and the technical team involved in broadcasting and registering this video. We also thank to the persons from the audience who contributed with questions and comments.</p>
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.