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Fig. 16 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 16. Libitioides albolineata (Sørensen, 1884) (USNMENT 0153862) from Palmyra, Virginia, distal part of penis. a. Dorsal view. b. Ventral view. c. Dextrolateral view. d. Detail of glans, dextrolateral view. e. Apical view. Scale bars: a–c = 50 μm; d = 20 μm; e = 40 μm.

Fig. 17 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 17. Libitioides ornata (Say, 1821), ♂ (USNMENT 01538061) from Hillsborough County, Florida. a. Dorsal view of body. b. Left femur and trochanter IV, dorsal view. c. Left metatarsus and tarsomeres of leg I, lateral view. d. left chelicera dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 18 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 18. Libitioides ornata (Say, 1821) (USNMENT 0153861) from Hillsborough, Florida. Habitus. a. Male, dorsal view. b. Sinistrolateral view. c. Frontal view. d. Ventral view. e. Panoramic, dorsal view. f. Female, dorsal view (USNMENT 0153861). Scale bars: a–c = 1 mm; d–f = 2 mm.

Fig. 14 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 14. Libitioides albolineata (Sørensen, 1884), ♂ (USNMENT 01538062) from Palmyra, Virginia. a. Dorsal view of body. b. Left femur and trochanter IV, dorsal view. c. Left metatarsus and tarsomeres of leg I, lateral view. d. Left chelicera dorsal view. Scale bars = 1 mm.

Fig. 15 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 15. Libitioides albolineata (Sørensen, 1884) (USNMENT 0153862) from Palmyra, Virginia. a. Male, habitus, dorsal view. b. Same, sinistrolateral view. c. Same, frontal view. d. Same, ventral view. e. Same, panoramic, dorsal view. f. Female, habitus, dorsal view (USNMENT 0153862). Scale bars: a–c = 1 mm; d–f = 2 mm.

Fig. 13 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 13. Southeastern USA, marked with abbreviations of American states, showing the distribution of the five species of Libitioides Roewer, 1912 as proposed in this paper.

Fig. 7 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 7. Southeastern USA, showing the contrasting occurrences of prevailing body color backgrounds in the four morphs B/C/D/E of Libitioides Roewer, 1912.

Fig. 6 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 6. Schemes of scutal yellow markings and other features diagnosing the morphs discussed herein. a. Morph A: Libitioides ornata (Say, 1821). b. Morph B: "clean" Libitioides sayi (Simon, 1879). c. Morph C: Libitioides sayi, striped Texan morph "depressa". d. Morph D: Libitioides albolineata (Sørensen, 1884). e. Morph E: "yellow Libitioides albolineata".

Fig. 11 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 11. Southeastern USA, showing the contrasting conformations of the ribs in the four morphs B/C/ D/E of Libitioides Roewer, 1912.

Fig. 10 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 10. Southeastern USA, showing the contrasting conformations of the omega stripe in the four morphs B/C/D/E of Libitioides Roewer, 1912.

Fig. 9 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 9. Southeastern USA, showing the contrasting conformations of the backbone in the four morphs B/C/D/E of Libitioides Roewer, 1912.

Fig. 22 in Once upon a time in America: recognition of the species of Libitioides from USA, with comments on other American Cosmetidae (Opiliones, Laniatores)

Fig. 22. Libitioides sayi (Simon, 1879), ♂ (MNRJ 58916) from Lake Kirby, Texas, distal part of penis. a. Panoramic dorsal view. b. Ventral view. c. Detail of glans, dextrolateral view. d. Apical view. Scale bars: a = 100 μm; b, d = 50 μm; c = 40 μm.

opencc-zeroDec 2017View details →

dryad36/100

Data from: A stable phylogenomic classification of Travunioidea (Arachnida, Opiliones, Laniatores) based on sequence capture of ultraconserved elements

Molecular phylogenetics has transitioned into the phylogenomic era, with data derived from next-generation sequencing technologies allowing unprecedented phylogenetic resolution in all animal groups, including understudied invertebrate taxa. Within the most diverse harvestmen suborder, Laniatores, most relationships at all taxonomic levels have yet to be explored from a phylogenomics perspective. Travunioidea is an early-diverging lineage of laniatorean harvestmen with a Laurasian distribution, with species distributed in eastern Asia, eastern and western North America, and south-central Europe. This clade has had a challenging taxonomic history, but the current classification consists of ~77 species in three families, the Travuniidae, Paranonychidae, and Nippononychidae. Travunioidea classification has traditionally been based on structure of the tarsal claws of the hind legs. However, it is now clear that tarsal claw structure is a poor taxonomic character due to homoplasy at all taxonomic levels. Here, we utilize DNA sequences derived from capture of ultraconserved elements (UCEs) to reconstruct travunioid relationships. Data matrices consisting of 317–677 loci were used in maximum likelihood, Bayesian, and species tree analyses. Resulting phylogenies recover four consistent and highly supported clades; the phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of the enigmatic genus Yuria is less certain. Based on the resulting phylogenies, a revision of Travunioidea is proposed, now consisting of the Travuniidae, Cladonychiidae, Paranonychidae (Nippononychidae is synonymized), and the new family Cryptomastridae Derkarabetian & Hedin, fam. n., diagnosed here. The phylogenetic utility and diagnostic features of the intestinal complex and male genitalia are discussed in light of phylogenomic results, and the inappropriateness of the tarsal claw in diagnosing higher-level taxa is further corroborated.

opencc-zeroDec 2016View details →

FIGURE 3 in First Amazonian species of Maracaynatum, with comments on the genus (Opiliones: Laniatores: Samoidae)

FIGURE 3. Distribution of Maracaynatum spp.

Figure 5 in An unusual cryptogeobiid from southeastern Brazil revisited (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptoidea)

Figure 5. Bunostigma singulare Mello-Leitão, 1935, male (MNRJ 7679), genitalia, penis, pars distalis. (A) Dorsal view. (B) Dextrolateral view. (C) Ventral view. (D) Same, magnified. (E) Apical view. (F) Glans, dorsolateral view. (G) Same, dorsal view. Scale bars: A = 50 μm; B-C = 20 μm; D-G = 10 μm. Color of macrosetae are: MS A (light blue), MS B (dark blue), MS C (magenta), MS D (orange) and MS E (green).

Figure 4 in An unusual cryptogeobiid from southeastern Brazil revisited (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptoidea)

Figure 4. Bunostigma singulare Mello-Leitão, 1935, male (MNRJ 7679), right legs I to IV, prolateral view. (A) Leg I. (B) Leg II. (C) Leg III. (D) Leg IV. (E) Ta I. (F) Ta II. (G) Ta III. (H) Ta IV. Scale bars: A-D = 500 μm; E-H = 100 μm.

Figure 3 in An unusual cryptogeobiid from southeastern Brazil revisited (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptoidea)

Figure 3. Bunostigma singulare Mello-Leitão, 1935, male (MNRJ 7679), mouth parts. (A) Right chelicera, mesal view. (B) Same, detail of cuticular sculpture of basichelicerite. (C) Right pedipalpus, mesal view. Scale bars: A, C = 100 μm; B = 20 μm.

Figure 2 in An unusual cryptogeobiid from southeastern Brazil revisited (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptoidea)

Figure 2. Bunostigma singulare Mello-Leitão, 1935,male (MNRJ 7679).(A) Body and proximal leg IV,dorsal view.(B) Body and Cx IV,dextrolateral view.(C) Habitus, without right side appendages, frontal view. (D) Body, ventral view. (E) Right Cx III IV, dorso-lateral view. (F) Same, magnified. Scale bars: A-D = 500 μm; E = 200 μm; F = 100 μm.

Figure 1 in An unusual cryptogeobiid from southeastern Brazil revisited (Opiliones, Laniatores, Gonyleptoidea)

Figure 1. Habitus of Bunostigma singulare Mello-Leitão, 1935. (A) Male, in vivo atTinguá, RJ.(B) Same, another view. (C) Male (MNRJ 7679) habitus dorsal view. (D) Same, ventral view. (E) Same, panoramic view. (F) Same, dextrolateral view. (G) Female (MNRJ 7679) habitus dorsal view. Scale bars: A-G = 1 mm. All photographs by A.B. Kury.