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Figure 18 in A morphometric approach to conch ontogeny of Cymaclymenia and related genera (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian)

Figure 18. Cymaclymenia costellata (Münster, 1832) from the Rhenish Mountains (Germany); all × 1.0. (A) Specimen MB.C.22692 (Korn 1974 Coll.) from Reigern. (B) Specimen MB.C.4179 (Denckmann 1900 Coll.) from Wettmarsen. (C) Specimen MB.C.22695.1 (Korn 1977 Coll.) from Oberrödinghausen. (D) Specimen MB.C.22700 (Schindewolf 1931 Coll.) from Hauern near Braunau. (E) Specimen MB.C.22697 (Korn 1987 Coll.) from Effenberg. (F) Specimen MB.C.4185 (Lotz and Denckmann 1900 Coll.) from Langenholthausen. (G) Specimen MB.C.22701 (Denckmann 1895 Coll.) from Hauern. (H) Specimen MB.C.4202.2 (purchased 1903) from Hauern. (I) Specimen MB.C.4202.1 (purchased 1903) from Hauern.

Figure 15. Cymaclymenia formosa n in A morphometric approach to conch ontogeny of Cymaclymenia and related genera (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian)

Figure 15. Cymaclymenia formosa n. sp. from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco; all × 1.0. (A) Holotype MB.C.22609.1 (Korn 1995 Coll.) from Erfoud. (B) Paratype MB.C.22669.1 (Wendt Coll.) from Hamar Laghdad. (C) Paratype MB.C.22669.2 (Wendt Coll.) from Hamar Laghdad. (D) Paratype MB.C.22669.3 (Wendt Coll.) from Hamar Laghdad. (E) Paratype MB.C.22649.1 (Korn 2009 Coll.) from Lambidia (Aguelmous). (F) Paratype MB.C.22649.2 (Korn 2009 Coll.) from Lambidia (Aguelmous). (G) Paratype MB.C.22669.4 (Wendt Coll.) from Hamar Laghdad.

Figure 1 in A morphometric approach to conch ontogeny of Cymaclymenia and related genera (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian)

Figure 1. Modes of allometry expressed in ammonoid conchs, exemplified in the conch width index (CWI) of modelled and real ammonoids (Korn, 2012). (A) Isometry (stable allometry coefficient α = 1). (B) Monophasic linear allometry (stable α; α <1). (C) Monophasic nonlinear allometry (decreasing α). (D) Biphasic linear allometry (succession of two different allometry coefficients α). (E) Triphasic linear allometry (succession of three different allometry coefficients α). (F) Triphasic non-linear allometry in the Early Carboniferous example Cravenoceras leion Bisat, 1930 (ontogenetically variable allometry coefficient α).

Figure 11. Procymaclymenia ebbighauseni n in A morphometric approach to conch ontogeny of Cymaclymenia and related genera (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian)

Figure 11. Procymaclymenia ebbighauseni n. sp. from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco; all × 1.0. (A) Paratype MB.C.22619.1 (Ebbighausen and Korn 2009 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (B) MB.C.22621.1 (Ebbighausen and Korn 2009 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (C) Paratype MB.C.22665.1 (Korn 1995 Coll.) from El Atrous. (D) Paratype MB.C.22665.2 (Korn 1995 Coll.) from El Atrous. (E) Paratype MB.C.22620.2 (Ebbighausen and Korn 2009 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (F) Paratype MB.C.22620.1 (Ebbighausen and Korn 2009 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (G) Paratype MB.C.22622.1 (Ebbighausen and Korn 2009 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib.

Figure 14 in A morphometric approach to conch ontogeny of Cymaclymenia and related genera (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian)

Figure 14. Cross sections (A–I; all × 1.5) and ontogenetic trajectories (J–M) of Cymaclymenia subvexa n. sp. from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco. (A) Paratype MB.C.22647.1 (Korn 2009 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (B) Paratype MB.C.22686.1 (Wendt Coll.) from Khorb et Attil. (C) Paratype MB.C.22675 (Wendt Coll.) from Bou Ifarherioun. (D) Paratype MB.C.22636.2 (Korn 1998 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (E) Paratype MB.C.22682 (Wendt Coll.) from Taourirt. (F) Paratype MB.C.22686.2 (Wendt Coll.) from Khorb et Attil. (G) Paratype MB.C.22683.1 (Wendt Coll.) from Taourirt. (H) Paratype MB.C.22684.1 (Wendt Coll.) from Taourirt. (I) Paratype MB.C.22636.3 (Korn 1998 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (J) Conch width index (ww / dm). (K) Umbilical width index (ww / wh). (L) Whorl width index (uw / dm). (M) Whorl expansion rate (WER).

Figure 26 in A morphometric approach to conch ontogeny of Cymaclymenia and related genera (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian)

Figure 26. Cross sections (A, C; all × 1.5), photograph (B; × 1.0) and ontogenetic trajectories (D–G) of Cymaclymenia carnata n. sp. from the Anti-Atlas of Morocco. (A, B) Holotype MB.C.22654 (Kullmann Coll.) from Aguelmous. (C) Paratype MB.C.22645 (Korn 2009 Coll.) from Madène el Mrakib. (D) Conch width index (ww / dm). (E) Umbilical width index (ww / wh). (F) Whorl width index (uw / dm). (G) Whorl expansion rate (WER).

Fig. 10 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 10. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, anterior dorso-lateral (A–D, F, left; E, right) and left mixilateral (G–I, right) plates of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/116 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/111. C. IG KSC 155/61. D. IG KSC 155/60. E. IG KSC 155/136. F. IG KSC 155/112. G. IG KSC 155/110. H. Incomplete IG KSC 155/144. I. IG KSC 155/115. B–E, G–I, in dorsal views; F, in lateral view. Abbreviations: ADL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; AMD, anterior median dorsal plate; AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; cf.AMD, area overlapping AMD; dlg2, posterior oblique dorsal sensory line groove; dlr, dorso-lateral ridge of trunk armour; dxp, dorso-ventral pit-line groove; lcg, main lateral line groove; oa.ADL, oa.AMD, oa.AVL, oa.PMD, area overlapped by ADL, AMD, AVL or PMD respectively; PMD, posterior median dorsal plate; pnoa, postnuchal ornamented corner of ADL; pro, processus obstans of trunk armour.

Fig. 12 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 12. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, posterior ventro-lateral plates, left (A) and right (B, C) of the trunk armour. A. IG KSC 155/4 in ventral (A1) and lateral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/16 in ventral view. C. IG KSC 155/78 in ventral view.

Fig. 14 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 14. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), reconstruction of the head, the trunk armour and the pectoral fins in ventral view, based on IG KSC 155/10-1, IG KSC 155/10-2, and IG KSC 155/10- 3. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; Cv1–4, ventral central plate 1 to 4; Ifg, inferognathal plate; La, lateral plate; Ml2–5, lateral marginal plates 2 to 5; Mm4, mesial marginal plate 4; MV, median ventral plate; Prl, prelateral plate; Prm, premedian plate; PVL, posterior ventro-lateral plate; SM, semilunar plate; SMg, submarginal plate; T, terminal plate.

Fig. 8 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 8. Reconstruction of the head shield of antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), based on partial head shield (IG KSC 71/1-87), left (IG KSC 155/15), and right (IG KSC 155/65) lateral plates. Abbreviations: cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; ifc2, branch of infraorbital sensory line diverging on La; La, lateral plate; mp, middle pit-line groove; Nu, nuchal plate; Pmg, postmarginal plate; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate; Prm, premedian plate; prh, preorbital recess of head shield; soc, anterior section of the supraorbital sensory line; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove.

Fig. 7 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 7. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), paranuchal (A) and postpineal and nuchal (B), plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/117 in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/154 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views.Abbreviations: cr.o, median occipital crest of head shield; cr.pm, paramarginal crest of head shield; cr.pto, postorbital crest of head shield; cr.tv, transverse nuchal crest of head shield; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; g, paired pits on Pp; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; mp, middle pit-line groove; nm, obtected nuchal area of head shield; Nu, nuchal plate; ood, otico-occipital depression of head shield; Pp, postpineal plate; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove; sot, supraotic thickening of head shield.

Fig. 5 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 5. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), lateral (A–G, I) and premedian (H) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/15 in dorsal view. B. IG KSC 155/67 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/129 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/74 in dorsal view. E. IG KSC 155/65 in dorsal view. F. IG KSC 155/66 in dorsal (F1) and visceral (F2) views. G. IG KSC 155/69 in dorsal view. H. IG KSC 155/114 in dorsal view. I. IG KSC 155/64 in dorsal view. Abbreviations: a1Sm and a2Sm, anterior and posterior attachment areas on lateral plate for submarginal plate; a.Prl, attachment area on lateral plate for prelateral plate; cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; ifc2, branch of infraorbital sensory line diverging on La; nprl, prelateral notch of head shield; p, lateral pit of head shield; prh, preorbital recess of head shield; pr.po, antero-lateral corner of otico-occipital depression; soc, anterior section of the supraorbital sensory line; spg, spiracular groove of head shield.

Fig. 3 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 3. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, separate plates and parts of articulated head shields. A. Articulated Nu, left Pn and left La plates IG KSC 155/90 in dorsal view. B. Disarticulated plates of the head shield IG KSC 155/150 in dorsal view. C. Part of articulated head shield IG KSC 155/162 in dorsal view. D. Imprint of the ventral wall of trunk armour and some skeletal elements of the head armour IG KSC 155/10-3 in ventral view showing suborbital and infragnathal bones. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; cir, semicircular pit-line groove; csl, central sensory line groove; d.end, opening of canal for endolymphatic duct; ifc1, principal section of infraorbital sensory line; IG, inferognathal; La, lateral plate; Nu, nuchal plate; mp, middle pit-line groove; Pn, paranuchal plate; Pp, postpineal plate; Prm, premedian plate; SO, suborbital plate; socc, supraoccipital cross-commissural pit-line groove.

Fig. 4 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 4. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, lateral A–G), premedian (H), and left postmarginal (I) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/15 in dorsal view. B. IG KSC 155/67 in dorsal (B1) and visceral B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/129 in dorsal view. D. IG KSC 155/65 in visceral (D1) and dorsal (D2) views. E. IG KSC 155/66 in dorsal (E1), right lateral (E2), and visceral (E3) views. F. IG KSC 155/69 in dorsal view. G. IG KSC 155/64 in dorsal view. H. IG KSC 155/114 in dorsal (H1) and anterior (H2) views.. Plate disconnected from the partial head shield IG KSC 155/161, in dorsal view.

Fig. 2 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 2. Lithology and stratigraphy of the Sosnogorsk locality. "Fish-dolomite", bed No. 40 is located about 8 m above the base of the section. Abbreviations: D3f, Upper Devonian, Frasnian; D3fm, Upper Devonian, Famennian.

Fig. 1 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 1. Geographical and geological setting of the type locality of Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900): sketch-maps of Russia (A) and Komi Republic (B) and geological map of Ukhta-Sosnogorsk area, from Yukhtanov et al. (2008), amended (C). The Natural Geological Monument Sosnovskiy" (Sosnogorsk fossil site) is marked by the black square. Abbreviations: D3f1, Upper Devonian, lower Frasnian; D3f2, Upper Devonian, middle Frasnian; D3f3, Upper Devonian, upper Frasnian; D3fm1, Upper Devonian, lower Famennian; C1, Carboniferous, Mississippian; J2, Middle Jurassic.

Fig. 11 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 11. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, partial ventral wall (A, B), anterior ventro-lateral (AVL) (C, D, left; E, right), and median ventral (F–J) plates of the trunk armour, and elements of pectoral fin. A. Impression of partial ventral wall of the trunk armour, inferognathals, and suborbitals IG KSC 155/10-2 in ventral view. B. Partial ventral wall of the trunk armour with articulated pectoral fin armour IG KSC 155/10-1 in ventral view. C. IG KSC 155/151 (C1) and enlargened part of the ventral lamina with pathologies (C2, arrows). D. IG KSC 155/122 in ventral view. E. IG KSC 155/123 in ventral view. F. IG KSC 155/104 with the bite mark (arrow) → in ventral (F1) and visceral (F2) views. G. IG KSC 155/76 in ventral view. H. IG KSC 155/77 in ventral view. I. IG KSC 155/133 in ventral view. J. IG KSC 155/106 in ventral view. Abbreviations: AVL, anterior ventro-lateral plate; Cd1–2, dorsal central plates 1 and 2; Cv1, ventral central plate 1; cit1, crista transversalis interna anterior; cit2, transverse thickening on the visceral surface of AVL; ds, distal segment of the pectoral fin armour; Ifg, inferognathal; Ml2, lateral marginal plate 2; Mm2, mesial marginal plate 2; MV, median ventral plate; PVL, posterior ventro-lateral plate; SO, suborbital plate.

Fig. 6 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 6. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, postpineal A–C, E, G), nuchal (D–G, I, K–M), and paranuchal (H, J, L, M) plates of the head shield. A. IG KSC 155/54-2, disconnected from the Nu IG KSC 155/54-1, in dorsal (A1) and visceral (A2) views. B. IG KSC 155/146 in dorsal (B1) and visceral (B2) views. C. IG KSC 155/155 in dorsal (C1) and visceral C2) views. D. IG KSC 155/58 in dorsal view. E. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/118 in dorsal view. F. IG KSC 155/53 in dorsal (F1), visceral (F2), and posterior (F3) views. G. Articulated plates IG KSC 155/154 in dorsal (G1) and visceral (G2) views. H. IG KSC 155/55 in dorsal (H1) and visceral (H2) views. I. IG KSC 155/54-1 from the same individual as plate in A, in dorsal view. J. IG KSC 155/119 in dorsal view. K. IG KSC 155/56 in dorsal view. L. IG KSC 155/117 in visceral (L1) and dorsal (L2) views. M. IG KSC 155/125 in dorsal view.

Fig. 13 in A new assessment of the Late Devonian antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira from South Timan (Russia) and the biotic crisis near the Frasnian-Famennian boundary

Fig. 13. Antiarchan fish Bothriolepis leptocheira jeremejevi (Rohon, 1900), Sosnogorsk locality, Sosnogorsk Formation, lowermost Famennian, plates of the pectoral fin armour. A. Left Cv1 plate IG 155/6 in visceral (A1) and ventral (A2) views. B. Right Cv1 plate IG KSC 155/134 in ventral view. C. Left Ml2 plate IG KSC 155/149 in ventral view. D. Right Ml2 plate IG 155/137 in dorsal (D1) and ventral (D2) views. E. Right distal segment of the pectoral fin armour IG KSC 155/21 in dorsal (E1) and ventral (E2) views. F. Mm1 plate IG KSC 155/85 in mesial view. Abbreviations: Cd3–5, dorsal central plates 3 to 5; Cv4, ventral central plate 4; Ml4–5, lateral marginal plates 4 and 5; Mm4–6, mesial marginal plates 4 to 6; T, terminal plate.

Figure 9 in A morphometric approach to conch ontogeny of Cymaclymenia and related genera (Ammonoidea, Late Devonian)

Figure 9. Ontogenetic pathways of six cymaclymeniid species in the morphospace calculated with morphometric data: (A) Procymaclymenia ebbighauseni n. sp., (B) Cymaclymenia subvexa n. sp., (C) Cymaclymenia formosa n. sp., (D) Cymaclymenia lambidia n. sp., (E) Cymaclymenia carnata n. sp. and (F) Postclymenia calceola n. sp.