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76 results for “Latrunculiidae”
FIGURE 2 in New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae)
FIGURE 2. Location of Alphard Banks, 45-Mile Banks, and Algoa Bay, on the Agulhas continental shelf, southern coast of South Africa.
FIGURE 4 in New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae)
FIGURE 4. Latrunculia (Biannulata) kerwathi sp. nov.: A. Holotype SAM-A27419, preserved specimen, scale = 5 mm; B. Transverse histological section of the body showing the cavernous interior and thick tangential ectosome, scale = 24 µm; C. Anisodiscorhabd, scale = 10 µm; D. Style with light spinning, scale = 8 µm.
FIGURE 1 in New species of Latrunculia from the Agulhas shelf, South Africa, with designation of a type species for subgenus Biannulata (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae)
FIGURE 1. Comparison of typical microsclere morphology of species in Latrunculia subgenera, showing the six substructures that characterise all anisodiscorhabds, whether differentiated or undifferentiated: Left, Latrunculia (Latrunculia) triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; Right, Latrunculia (Biannulata) kaakaariki Alvarez et al. 2002.
FIGURE 4 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 4. Megascleres and microscleres of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) austini Samaai et al. 2006: A–D. Anisodiscorhabds from holotype RBCM 982-62-1 showing variations, scale = 10 µm; E. Typical anisodiscorhabd from Gulf of Alaska specimen NHMUK 2008.3.27.3, scale = 10 µm; F. Megascleres shown at full length, scale = 100 µm; G. Smooth proximal and distal tips of megasclere, scale = 10 µm; H. Protorhabd showing well-separated basal whorl progenitor above manubrium, scale = 10 µm; I–J. Malformed anisodiscorhabds with deficient or absent apical whorls and indistinguishable basal whorl and manubrium, scale = 10 µm; K–N. Anisodiscorhabds with semi-differentiated basal whorl and manubrium, scale = 10 µm; O–R. Anisodiscorhabds with manubrium completely separate from basal whorl, scale = 10 µm; Fig. 4F–Q images taken from specimen RBCM 015-00478-001, Queen Charlotte Sound, British Columbia. Fig. 4A–D reproduced from Samaai et al. (2006, Fig. 1O).
FIGURE 1 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 1. Comparison of microsclere morphology in family Latrunculiidae (not to scale): A. Anisodiscorhabd form in subgenus Latrunculia (Latrunculia) du Bocage, 1869 (type species L. (L.) bocagei Ridley & Dendy, 1886), showing the six substructures that characterise the anisodiscorhabds, whether differentiated or undifferentiated: m = manubrium, bw = basal whorl, mw = median whorl, sw = subsidiary whorl, aw = apical whorl, a = apex; B. Anisodiscorhabd form in subgenus Latrunculia (Biannulata) Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006 (type species L. (B.) kaakaariki Alvarez et al., 2002); C. Anisodiscorhabd form in subgenus Latrunculia (Uniannulata) subgen. nov. (type species L. (U.) oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002); D. Isospinodiscorhabd in genus Cyclacanthia Samaai, Govender & Kelly, 2004 (type species C. bellae (Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003); E. Isochiadiscorhabd in genus Tsitsikamma Samaai & Kelly, 2002 (type species T. favus Samaai & Kelly, 2002); F. Anisodiscorhabd and amphiclad sceptre in genus Sceptrella Schmidt, 1870 (type species Sceptrella regalis Schmidt, 1870); G. Short anisodiscorhabd and long anisoconicorhabd in genus Latrunclava gen. nov. (type species L. imago gen. et sp. nov.); H. Anisodiscorhabd in genus Bomba gen. nov. (type species B. endeavourensis gen. et sp. nov.). Fig. 1A, B, D modified and reproduced from Samaai et al. (2006), Samaai et al. (2004) and Samaai et al. (2003), respectively, with permission from Zootaxa (Magnolia Press). Fig. 1E, F modified with permission from T. Samaai.
FIGURE 12 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 12. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Bomba tricincta (Hentschel, 1929) gen. nov., comb. nov.: A. Illustration of holotype ZMB Por 7851 from Northern Norway, 198 m (from Hentschel (1929, Pl. 12, Fig. 3); B. Large, thick tracts of megascleres, scale = 500 µm; C. Anisostyle, slightly sinuous, scale = 100 µm; D. Smooth proximal tip of anisostyle, scale = 100 µm; E. Smooth distal tip of anisostyle, scale = 100 µm; F. Range of anisodiscorhabds, scale = 50 µm; G. Range of protorhabds from earliest to later stages showing gradual development of the three whorls, scale = 50 µm. All images taken from microscope slide of holotype.
FIGURE 7 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 7. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Latrunculia (Biannulata) lincfreesei sp. nov.: A. RBCM 015- 00486-001, preserved holotype, scale = 1 cm; B. RBCM 015-00486-002, preserved paratype, scale = 1 cm; C. Histological section showing palisade of anisodiscorhabds in outermost ectosome, a paratangential layer of megascleres below palisade, and cavernous choanosome below, scale = 200 µm; D. Typical slightly sinuous anisostyle, scale = 200 µm; E. Acanthose head of anisostyle, scale = 20 µm; F. Typical anisodiscorhabds without manubrium below basal whorl, scale = 20 µm; G. Typical anisodiscorhabds with manubrium below basal whorl, scale = 20 µm; H, I. Apices of anisodiscorhabd showing apical whorl (apex absent), scale = 20 µm; J. Base of anisodiscorhabd showing basal whorl and manubrium, scale = 20 µm.
FIGURE 13 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 13. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Latrunclava imago gen. et sp. nov.: A. Latrunclava imago gen. et sp. nov., preserved holotype RBCM 150-00490-001, central Aleutian Islands, 175 m, scale = 1 cm; B. Range of anisoconicorhabds, scale = 50 µm; C. Microfossil anisodiscorhabds of Latrunculia oamaruensis Hinde & Holmes, 1892 (from Hinde & Holmes, 1892: 218, Pl. 11, Fig. 34, 35), scale = 50 µm; D. Head of anisostyle, acanthose with retrovert spines, scale = 20 µm; E. Typical anisodiscorhabds with manubrium, scale = 20 µm; F. Anisodiscorhabd lacking a manubrium, scale = 20 µm; G. Protorhabds showing presence of budding manubrium, scale = 20 µm; H. Basal portion of anisodiscorhabd showing manubrium and basal whorl, scale = 20 µm; I. Apical whorl (apex absent), scale = 20 µm.
FIGURE 3 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 3. Latrunculia (Latrunculia) austini Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006: A. Holotype RBCM 982-62-1, British Columbia; B. Skookumchuck Narrows, Jervis Inlet, in situ; C. NHMUK 2008.3.27.3, Gulf of Alaska, 102 m, in situ; D. NHMUK 2008.3.27.3, ibid, grid marks under preserved specimen are 1 cm2; E. RBCM 014-00091-001, British Columbia, 384 m, in situ; F. RBCM 015-00479-001, Gulf of Alaska, 88 m, in situ; G. RBCM 015-00479-004, Gulf of Alaska, 106 m, distance between red laser dots is 10 cm; H. Ibid; I. Queen Charlotte Sound, 48.125° N, 125.371° W, 115 m, 27 May 2006, OCNMS ROPOS ROV Dive 953, in situ; J. Queen Charlotte Sound, 48.302° N, 124.938° W, 243 m, 01 Jun 2006, OCNMS ROPOS ROV Dive 958, in situ; K. Queen Charlotte Sound, 48.170° N, 125.370° W, 114 m, 11 Jul 2008, OCNMS ROPOS ROV Dive 1160, in situ. Fig. 3A, 3C, 3D reproduced from Samaai et al. (2006, Fig. 3H) with permission from Zootaxa (Magnolia Press), Stone et al. (2011: 145, Fig. 2) and Stone et al. (2011: 145, Fig. 1), respectively. Image credits for Fig. 3A, B: Neil McDaniel, Fig. 3I‒K: Olympic Coast National Marine Sanctuary, taken using the Canadian Scientific Submersible Facility ROPOS ROV digital still camera, Fig. 3C, D, F, G, H: Robert Stone.
FIGURE 6 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 6. Megascleres and microscleres of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) hamanni sp. nov.: A. Histological section showing palisade of anisodiscorhabds in outermost ectosome, a paratangential layer of megascleres below palisade, and cavernous choanosome beneath ectosome (from NHMUK 2006.8.24.1), scale = 200 µm; B. Acanthose head of anisostyle with retrovert spines (from NHMUK 2008.3.27.2), scale = 10 µm; C. Typical anisodiscorhabds (from NHMUK 2006.8.24.2), scale = 20 µm; D. Typical anisodiscorhabds (from NHMUK 2008.3.27.2), scale = 20 µm; E. Range of protoanisodiscorhabds as they mature (from NHMUK 2008.3.27.2), scale = 20 µm; F. Upper portion of anisodiscorhabd showing subsidiary whorl, and tufted apical whorl and apex (from NHMUK 2006.8.24.1), scale = 10 µm; G. Lower portion of anisodiscorhabd showing basal whorl and lower manubrium (from NHMUK 2008.3.27.2), scale = 10 µm.
FIGURE 5 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 5. Latrunculia (Latrunculia) hamanni sp. nov.: A. NHMUK 2008.3.27.2, Aleutian Islands, 146 m, in situ; B. Paratype RBCM 015-00483-001, Kanaga Island, central Aleutian Islands, 150 m, in situ, with L. oparinae (left, green specimen); C. Paratype RBCM 015-00483-001, preserved specimen; D. NMHUK 2011.2.11.4, Kiska Island, western Aleutian Islands, 88 m, deck photo; E. Paratype RBCM 015-00481-002, Umnak Island, eastern Aleutian Islands, 265 m, preserved specimen. Scale bar for all images 5 cm. Fig. 5A–C reproduced with permission from Stone et al. (2011). Fig. 5D reproduced with permission from James Sims, image taken aboard NOAA Fisheries FV Sea Storm. Fig. 5E by Robert Stone.
FIGURE 2 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 2. Distribution of North Pacific Latrunculiidae species: A. Gulf of Alaska, U.S.A and British Columbia, Canada; B. Central Aleutian Islands and Gulf of Alaska, U.S.A. Locality data for the four Kurile Island specimens of Latrunculia (Uniannulata) oparinae subgen. nov. taken from Samaai & Krasokhin (2002) and Samaai et al. (2006). L = Latrunculia, B = Bomba gen. nov.
FIGURE 9 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 9. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Latrunculia (Uniannulata) velera Lehnert, Stone & Heimler, 2006 subgen. nov. comb. nov.: A. Holotype USNM 1084238, in situ; B. Preserved holotype, scale = 1 cm; C. Uncollected specimen, west Amchitka Pass, central Aleutian Islands, 929 m, distance between red laser dots is 10 cm; D. Head of megasclere showing heavy conical spines, scale = 20 µm; E. Distal end of megasclere showing retrovert spines, scale = 20 µm; F. Range of mature anisodiscorhabds, scale = 20 µm; G. Protorhabds, scale = 20 µm; H. Protorhabd showing undifferentiated subsidiary and apical whorls, and differentiated manubrium and basal whorl, scale = 20 µm; I. Apex of microsclere showing apical region with 'lemon-squeezer' apex, saucer-like undifferentiated apical and subsidiary whorl, and incised, denticulate petals or paddles of the median whorl, scale = 20 µm. Fig. 9D–I taken from holotype USNM 1084238, Fig. 9A, B reproduced from Stone et al. (2011), and Fig. 9C–F, I were modified from Fig. 15A, C, E, F, and Fig. 16B, C and D of Lehnert et al. (2005), with permission from Zootaxa (Magnolia Press).
FIGURE 11 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 11. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Bomba endeavorensis gen. et sp. nov.: A. Holotype RBCM 014- 00120-001, paratype 1 RBCM 014-00120-002, paratype 2 RBCM 014-00120-003, paratype 3 RBCM 014-00120-004, Endeavour Ridge, British Columbia, 2500 m, scale = 5 mm; B. Enlarged details of surface showing pigmentation on apices of anisodiscorhabds and large megascleres in a cross-hatched arrangement, scale = 500 µm; C. Centrally thickened anisostyle, scale = 200 µm; D. Rounded distal and granular bumps on head of anisostyle, scale = 20 µm; E. A range of anisodiscorhabds, scale = 20 µm; F. A range of protorhabds, scale = 20 µm; G. Apex of anisodiscorhabd, scale = 20 µm.
FIGURE 14 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 14. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Latrunculia (Biannulata) triloba (Schmidt, 1875), ZMB Por 2667 (2 lots): A. Portion of holotype in Lot 1 from which spicules were examined (circled), gridlines = 1 mm; B. A second, larger portion of the holotype, showing general surface features and tapering fistules, gridlines = 1 mm; C. Original label included in Lot 1; D. A third section of the holotype showing collapsed, tapering fistules, gridlines = 1 mm; E. Original label included in Lot 2, the asterisk identifies that this is as a type specimen; F. Illustrations of holotype anisodiscorhabds (from Schmidt 1875, Plate 1, Fig. 17, 18); G. slightly sinuous, centrally thickened anisostyle with a smooth head, scale = 100 µm; H, I. Anisodiscorhabd, scale = 50 µm; J. protorhabd, scale = 50 µm; K, L. immature anisodiscorhabd, scale = 50 µm.
FIGURE 16 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 16. Comparison of diagnostic anisodiscorhabds in living species of Latrunculia (Latrunculia) du Bocage, 1869, Latrunculia (Biannulata) Samaai, Gibbons & Kelly, 2006, and Latrunculia (Uniannulata) subgen. nov., not to scale: A. L. (L.) triverticillata Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; B. L. (L.) fiordensis Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; C. L. (L.) oxydiscorhabda Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; D. L. (L.) cratera du Bocage, 1869; E. L. (L.) bocagei Ridley & Dendy, 1886; F. L. (L.) basilis Kirkpatrick, 1908; G. L. (L.) brevis Ridley & Dendy, 1886; H. L. (L.) palmata Lévi, 1964; I. L. (L.) ikematsui Tanita, 1968; J. L. (L.) novaecaledoniae Samaai et al., 2006; K. L. (L.) austini Samaai et al., 2006; L. L. (L.) hamanni sp. nov.; M. L. (L.) ciruela Hajdu et al., 2013; N. L. (L.) copihuensis Hajdu et al., 2013; O. L. (L.) verenae Hajdu et al., 2013; P. L. (L.) yepayek Hajdu et al., 2013; Q. L. (B.) kaakaariki Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; R. L. (B.) duckworthi Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; S. L. (B.) procumbens Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; T. L. (B.) wellingtonensis Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; U. L. (B.) kaikoura Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; V. L. (B.) millerae Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002; W. L. (B.) spinispiraefera Brøndsted, 1924; X. L. (B.) purpurea Carter, 1881; Y. L. (B.) lunaviridis Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003; Z. L. (B.) microacanthoxea Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003; AA. L. (B.) gotzi Samaai, Janson & Kelly, 2012; AB. L. (B.) kerwathi Samaai Janson & Kelly, 2012; AC. L. (B.) algoaensis Samaai Janson & Kelly, 2012; AD. L. (B.) janeirensis Cordonis, Moraes & Muricy, 2012; AE. L. (B.) lincfreesi sp. nov.; AF. L. (B) triloba (Schmidt, 1875); AG. L. (U.) oparinae Samaai &Krasokhin, 2002; AH. L. (U.) velera Lehnert et al., 2006. Fig. 16A–J, Q–AC reproduced with permission from Zootaxa (Magnolia Press) from Fig. 6 in Samaai et al. (2012), Fig. 16M–P reproduced with permission from Zootaxa from Fig. 9 in Hajdu et al. (2013), Fig. 16AD reproduced with permission from Dr Guliherm Muricy, and Fig. 16AH reproduced with permission from Zootaxa.
FIGURE 8 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 8. Morphology, megascleres and microscleres of Latrunculia (Uniannulata) oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002 subgen. nov. comb. nov.: A. RBCM 015-00489-001, central Aleutian Islands, in situ; B. Specimen on left (green) in situ with L (L.) hamanni sp. nov. (right, brown specimen), Kanaga Island, central Aleutian Islands, 150 m, in situ; C. NHMUK 2011.2.11.1, specimen on deck; D. RBCM 015-00487-001, scale = 1 cm; E. NHMUK 2006.8.24.3, specimen on deck; F. Histological section showing palisade of anisodiscorhabds in outermost ectosome, a paratangential layer of megascleres below palisade, and cavernous choanosome below, scale = 200 µm; G. Acanthose head of anisostyle with retrovert and conical spines on apex (from RBCM 015-00490-003), scale = 20 µm; H. Typical anisodiscorhabd (from RBCM 015-00490-003), scale = 20 µm; I. Typical anisodiscorhabd (from NHMUK 2008.3.27.1), scale = 20 µm; J. Typical anisodiscorhabd (from NHMUK 2006.8.24.3), scale = 20 µm; K. Anisodiscorhabd manubrium and basal whorl (left) and apical whorl and apex (right) (from RBCM 015-00490-003), scale = 20 µm; L. Base of anisodiscorhabd showing manubrium and basal whorl (from NHMUK 2006.8.24.3), scale = 20 µm; M. Protorhabd (from RBCM 015-00490-003), scale = 20 µm; N. Immature anisodiscorhabds (from NHMUK 2006.8.24.3), scale = 20 µm.
FIGURE 15 in New taxa and arrangements within the family Latrunculiidae (Demospongiae, Poecilosclerida)
FIGURE 15. Megascleres and microscleres of Neopodospongia carlinae (Boury-Esnault & van Beveren, 1982): A. Megasclere and microsclere illustrated in Boury-Esnault & van Beveren (1982, Fig. 10A, B); B. Strongyloxea, scale = 100 µm; C. Two size categories of aciculospinorhabds: the larger ectosomal form on the left has a compact crown of blade-like sculpted spines, the smaller choanosomal form on the right, scale = 20 µm; D. Ibid, scale = 20 µm; E. Group of aciculospinorhabds: small choanosomal form (left) and larger ectosomal forms to the right, scale = 20 µm; F. Apex of large ectosomal aciculospinorhabd, scale = 20 µm; G. Large ectosomal aciculospinorhabds, scale = 20 µm; H. Protorhabds showing the uneven shaft development (thicker at the base and apex than in the middle) typical of Podospongiidae, resulting from the fusion of the sigmoid progenitor rhabd (not shown), scale = 20 µm. Fig. B–H from holotype MNHN.D.NBE 1085, Kerguelen and Heard Islands continental shelf, 245 m.
FIGURE 1 in New Latrunculiidae genus (Porifera, Poecilosclerida) from the Madagascar Ridge
FIGURE 1. Biverticillus tenuissimus gen. et sp. nov., distribution, morphology, and spiculation (A–F), and diagnostic discorhabds of living Latrunculiidae (G–N): A. Type locality, Walters Shoal Seamount, Madagascar Ridge, Southwestern Indian Ocean (inset); B. Holotype SAMC-A088843, black encrustation on rubble (arrow); C. SEM image of ectosome, showing irregular palisade of microscleres, atop a dense tangential layer of megascleres; D. Range of anisospinodiscorhabds; E. Light micrograph of an early stage in spicule development exhibiting synchronous development of the protorhabds and equal distances between the central whorls and apex and base; F. Smooth subtylostyle, sometimes polytylote, slightly sinuous, with irregular oval head; G. Typical isospinodiscorhabd of Cyclacanthia bellae (Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003) (reproduced from Kelly et al. 2016, Fig. 1D); H. Typical anisodiscorhabd from Latrunculia (Latrunculia) triverticillata Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002, characterised by six distinct substructures; I. Typical anisodiscorhabd from Latrunculia (Biannulata) kaakaariki Alvarez, Bergquist & Battershill, 2002, characterised by two distinct substructures around the shaft, the median and subsidiary whorls, between an undifferentiated manubrium and basal whorl, and the undifferentiated apical whorl and apex; J. Typical anisodiscorhabd from Latrunculia (Uniannulata) oparinae Samaai & Krasokhin, 2002, characterised by only a single substructure around the shaft, the median whorl, between the manubrium and basal whorl, and the apical whorl and apex (reproduced from Kelly et al. 2016, Fig. 8A); K. Typical isochiadiscorhabd from Tsitsikamma favus Samaai & Kelly, 2002, characterised by a shaft bearing identical apical and basal substructures (reproduced from Kelly et al. 2016, Fig. 1E); L. Typical anisodiscorhabd from Bomba endeavorensis Kelly, Reiswig & Samaai, 2016, characterised by three very different substructures (reproduced from Kelly et al. 2016, Fig. 11A); Species in genus Latrunclava have two microsclere forms, an anisodiscorhabd and several longer anisoconicorhabds that have structurally different apical and basal whorls, unlike Sceptrella species which also have two microsclere forms, but the longer amphiclad sceptre has identical apical and basal whorls: M. Anisodiscorhabd and long anisoconicorhabd from Latrunclava imago Kelly, Reiswig & Samaai, 2016 (reproduced from Kelly et al. 2016, Fig. 1G); N. Anisodiscorhabd and amphiclad sceptre from Sceptrella regalis Schmidt, 1870 (reproduced from Kelly et al. 2016, Fig. 1F). Images G, J–N reproduced with permission from the copyright holder Zootaxa.
FIGURE 5 in Revision of the genus Latrunculia du Bocage, 1869 Porifera: Demospongiae: Latrunculiidae) with descriptions of new species from New Caledonia and the Northeastern Pacific (
FIGURE 5. Photomicrographs of choanosomal architectures: A. Latrunculia ikematsui Tanita 1968; B. Latrunculia oxydiscorhabda Alvarez et al. 2002; C. Latrunculia triverticillata Alvarez et al. 2002; D. Latrunculia austini sp. nov.; E. Latrunculia citharistae Vacelet 1969; F. Latrunculia purpurea Carter 1881.
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