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Fig. 5. Gelasimus borealis, zoea I. A in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 5. Gelasimus borealis, zoea I. A, carapace; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, second maxilliped; H, pleon and telson.

Fig. 4. Austruca triangularis, zoea I. A in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 4. Austruca triangularis, zoea I. A, carapace; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, second maxilliped; H, pleon and telson.

Fig. 3. Austruca perplexa, zoea I. A in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 3. Austruca perplexa, zoea I. A, carapace; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, second maxilliped; H, pleon and telson.

Fig. 2. Austruca lactea, zoea I. A in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 2. Austruca lactea, zoea I. A, carapace; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, second maxilliped; H, pleon and telson.

Fig. 14. Tubuca dussumieri, zoea I. A in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 14. Tubuca dussumieri, zoea I. A, carapace; B, antennule; C, antenna; D, maxillule; E, maxilla; F, first maxilliped; G, second maxilliped; H, pleon and telson.

Fig. 1 in Fig. 4 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 1. Photographs of some taxa of fiddler crabs published as new or resurrected recently. A, Austruca citrus Shih & Poupin, 2020 (Fiji); B, Austruca occidentalis Naderloo, Schubart & Shih (Inhaca, Mozambique); C, Austruca variegata (Heller, 1862) (Vellar River estuary, Tamil Nadu, India); D, Gelasimus jocelynae (Shih, Naruse & Ng, 2010) (Dongsha Island, Taiwan); E, Petruca panamensis (Stimpson, 1859) (Panama); F, Paraleptuca boninensis (Shih, Komai & Liu, 2013) (Ogasawara Islands, Japan); G, Paraleptuca splendida (Stimpson, 1858) (Penghu, Taiwan); H, Tubuca alcocki Shih, Chan & Ng, 2018 (Ranong, Thailand). Photographs courtesy of T. Iwano (A), P. Backwell (B, E), M. Prema (C) and M.-H. Chuang (F).

Fig. 3 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 3. Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) female genitalia, lateral view; (B) female genitalia, caudal view; (C) female genitalia, ventral view; (D) female gonapophyses 8, ventral view. e, ectoproct; gx, gonocoxite; gp, gonapophysis; gst, gonostylus; T, tergum. Scale bars: A–C = 1.0 mm; D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 2 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 2. Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) male genitalia, dorsal view; (B) male genitalia, ventral view; (C) male gonocoxites and gonostyli 11, dorsal view; (D) male gonocoxites and gonostyli 11, ventral view. c, callus cercus; e, ectoproct; gx, gonocoxite; gst, gonostylus; T, tergum; S, sternum. Scale bars: A–B = 1.0 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 4. Live specimen and habitat of Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) paratype female adult, dorsal view. Photo by Yu-Chun Lin; (B) habitat of R. taiwanense in Beidelaman Trail, Hsinchu.

Fig. 1 in Fig. 4 in Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 1. Rapisma taiwanense sp. nov. (A) holotype male, habitus photo; (B) paratype female, habitus photo; (C) head, frontal view, holotype male; (D) head, frontal view, paratype female. Scale bars: A–B = 5.0 mm; C–D = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 4 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 4. Spatial analysis of vicariance. A-B: Hypothetical barrier at vicariant node 44 (A) and 64 (B); red and blue dots show disjunct sister clades.

Fig. 3 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 3. Spatial analysis of vicariance. A: Tree of the Leptodactylus fuscus group showing a consensus reconstruction of historical biogeography by vicariance inference. Green squares show disjunction; red empty squares show the nodes ignored by the program. B–D: Hypothetical barrier at vicariant node 71 (B), 68 (C) and 55 (D); red and blue dots show disjunct sister clades.

Fig. 1 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 1. Leptodactylus fuscus group species distribution area. Biogeographical subregions and provinces proposed by Morrone (2006) are shown in different colors. A: Caribbean subregion; B: Chacoan subregion; C: Parana subregion; D: Amazonian subregion; E: North American Pacific subregion; F: Mexican transition zone region; G: South American transition zone region.

Fig. 2 in Historical Biogeography of the Group (Anura, Leptodactylidae): Identification of Ancestral Areas and Events that Modeled their Distribution.

Fig. 2. Ancestral areas of Leptodactylus fuscus group. Nodes show the most probable state. The letters and coarse colored circles indicate the ancestral areas of each node. Green, blue and yellow thin circles show vicariance, dispersions and extinctions events, respectively. A: Caribbean subregion; B: Chacoan subregion; C: Parana subregion; D: Amazonian subregion; E: North American Pacific subregion.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: A new Amazonian species of Adenomera (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Brazilian state of Pará: a tody-tyrant voice in a frog.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new Amazonian species of Adenomera (Anura: Leptodactylidae) from the Brazilian state of Pará: a tody-tyrant voice in a frog". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/ff77f600-4cf8-4437-ab29-fe9f679bbe4c">https://bionomia.net/dataset/ff77f600-4cf8-4437-ab29-fe9f679bbe4c</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/ff77f600-4cf8-4437-ab29-fe9f679bbe4c">https://gbif.org/dataset/ff77f600-4cf8-4437-ab29-fe9f679bbe4c</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

Figure 6 in On the natural history of the South American pepper frog, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Figure 6. Combat between males of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus. These males were in position to grasp each other. Observation in Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Figure 5 in On the natural history of the South American pepper frog, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Figure 5. Study plot, representing an area of reproduction of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus, in which foam nests and calling sites were mapped in the 2002–3 reproductive season. (Above) General aspect of the area; (below) schematic map showing the point of placement of the egg clutches (1–14) and the more frequently used calling sites (A, E and I). The numbering of the egg clutches follows the chronological order of deposition. Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Figure 4. A in On the natural history of the South American pepper frog, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Figure 4. A pair of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus in axillary amplexus within a basin, moments before initiating foam beating. Specimens from Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Figure 3. A in On the natural history of the South American pepper frog, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Figure 3. A foam nest (above) and an empty basin (below) of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus. Note that the foam nest is not in contact with the main water body. Observations made at Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.

Figure 2 in On the natural history of the South American pepper frog, Leptodactylus labyrinthicus (Spix, 1824) (Anura: Leptodactylidae)

Figure 2. Differential growth of forearms in males and females of Leptodactylus labyrinthicus. ANCOVA F16,12520.7; P,0.001. Specimens from Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.