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68 results for “Leptotyphlopidae”
PLATE 1. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 1. Figure 1. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of Leptotyphlops longicaudus (NMZB 2967), after Broadley & Watson (1976). KEY: f = frontal; in = infranasal; io = interoccipital; ip = interparietal; ll = lower labial (infralabial); o = ocular; occ = occipital; p = parietal; pf = postfrontal; r = rostral; sn = supranasal; so = supraocular; t = temporal; ul = upper labial (supralabial). The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 2. Cloacal shields (cl) of A. Leptotyphlops boulengeri (MCZ 40085) and B. Leptotyphlops macrops (NMZB 13730). The lines represent 1 mm to scale.
PLATE 3 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 3. Histograms showing total number of specimens in each total length size class for Leptotyphlops of northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia. The horizontal scale is in centimetres, e.g. Class 5 = 50–59 mm inclusive. The vertical unit shown for Leptotyphlops parkeri (top line) indicates a single specimen. The two records for Leptotyphlops howelli are represented by an "h" on the Leptotyphlops macrops line.
PLATE 8. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 8. Figure 1. Leptotyphlops cairi. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of SK 2124 — Siwa Oasis, Egypt, after Kramer & Schnurrenberger (1963) [as Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus]. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 2. Leptotyphlops braccianii. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype of G. variabilis, MSNM 3348b — Adi Ugri, Eritrea, after Scortecci (1928). Figure 3. Leptotyphlops ionidesi sp. nov. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of the holotype, MCZ 57440 — Liwale, Tanzania. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 4. Leptotyphlops tanae sp. nov. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of the holotype, MCZ 40099 — Ngatana, Kenya. The line represents 1 mm to scale.
PLATE 7. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 7. Figure 1. Leptotyphlops nursii. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the head of FMNH 66157 — Tapizz, Yemen. Drawings by J. Boundy. Figure 2. Leptotyphlops erythraeus. Dorsal, ventral and lateral views of the head of the type, MSNM 3349 — Massaua, Eritrea, redrawn with modifications from Scortecci (1928). Figure 3. Leptotyphlops burii. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of BMNH 1937.11.1.10 — Ad Dali, Yemen, after Gasperetti (1988). Drawings by E. Wade. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 4. Leptotyphlops yemenicus. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the type, MSNM 3354 - Yemen. Redrawn with modifications from Scortecci (1933).
PLATE 12. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 12. Figure 1. Leptotyphlops nigroterminus sp. nov. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of the holotype, MCZ 54813 — Karema, Tanzania. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 2. Leptotyphlops latirostris. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of MCZ 53261/57459 from Uvira, DDC. Drawings by J. Boundy. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 3. Leptotyphlops scutifrons merkeri. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the syntype, MCZ 31627 — Moshi, Tanzania. Drawings by J. Boundy. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 4. Dorsal views of the heads of: A. Leptotyphlops latirostris. MRAC 18014 (Uvira, Kivu), compared with B. Leptotyphlops scutifrons pitmani. MRAC 18006 (Rwankuba, Rwanda), after Laurent (1956). The lines represent 1 mm to scale.
PLATE 4. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 4. Figure 1. Dorsal views of the skulls of Leptotyphlops. A. Leptotyphlops nigricans (MCZ 21473) and B. Leptotyphlops kafubi (FMNH 56374), both after List (1966). KEY to bone abbreviations from List, 1966: Ax = axis, At = atlas, Eo = exoccipital, F = frontal, M = maxilla, N = nasal, P = parietal, Pf = prefrontal, Po = prootic, So = supraoccipital. C. Leptotyphlops cairi, after Abdeen et al. (1991). KEY to bone abbreviations from Abdeen et al., 1991: B.OC. = basioccipital; B.SP. = basisphenoid; C.T.C. = cartilaginouis trebacula cranii; EX.OC. = exoccipital; FR. = frontal; L.P.P.MX. = lateral process of maxilla; MX. = maxilla; NA. = nasal; OC.CO. = occipital condyle; P.MX. = premaxilla; P.OT. = prootic; P.VO. = prevomer; PA. = palatine; PR. = parietal; PR.FR. = prefrontal; PR.L.DG. = lateral downgrowth of parietal; PT. = pterygoid; S.OC. = supraoccipital. The lines represent 1 mm to scale. The stipple indicates thin transparent membrane. Figure 2. Dorsal views of the skulls of Leptotyphlops. A. Leptotyphlops nigroterminus sp. nov. (ZMB 51610); B. Leptotyphlops macrurus (BMNH 1957.1.10.26); C. Leptotyphlops boulengeri (MCZ 40087); D. Leptotyphlops reticulatus (BMNH 1954.1.12.77). E. Leptotyphlops longicaudus (NMZB-UM 29371); F. Leptotyphlops blanfordii (BMNH 1977.833); G. Leptotyphlops nursii (FMNH 66158). H. Leptotyphlops scutifrons merkeri (NMZB 8089). The lines represent 1 mm to scale. KEY: f = frontal; n = nasal; p = parietal; pp = postparietal; so = supraoccipital.
PLATE 2 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 2. Variation in middorsal (left) and subcaudal (right) counts in Leptotyphlops of northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia.
PLATE 6. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 6. Figure 1. Leptotyphlops parkeri. Dorsal and lateral views of the holotype, BMNH 1949.2.3.47 — Degeh Bur, Ethiopia. The line represents 1 mm to scale. After Broadley, 1999. Figure 2. Leptotyphlops reticulatus. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype, BMNH 1946.1.16.53 — Wagar, Golis Mts, Somalia. From Lanza, Snakes of Somalia (in prep.). Drawings by E. Wade. Figure 3. Leptotyphlops boulengeri. Dorsal. lateral and ventral views of the head of MCZ 40085 — Lamu Island, Kenya. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 4. Leptotyphlops drewesi. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of the holotype, CAS 85756 — 10 km south of Isiolo, Kenya, after Wallach (1996). The line represents 1 mm to scale.
PLATE 11 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 11. Leptotyphlops. Distribution of the Leptotyphlops scutifrons species group in East Africa. Type localities are labelled.
PLATE 9. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 9. Figure 1. Leptotyphlops macrorhynchus. Dorsal and lateral views of the head of BMNH 1932.5.2.9 — Mouth of Kaliokwell River, Kenya. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 2. Leptotyphlops pembae. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of BMNH 1947.1.1.43 — Kisiwani, Pemba Island, Tanzania. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 3. Leptotyphlops macrops. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype, NMZB 11352 — Mkwaja Forests, Tanzania, after Broadley & Wallach (1996). The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 4. Leptotyphlops emini. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of CAS 227770 from Kapaka Game Control Area, Mpande District, Tanzania. The line represents 1 mm to scale.
PLATE 10. Figure 1 in A revision of the genus Leptotyphlops in northeastern Africa and southwestern Arabia (Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
PLATE 10. Figure 1. Leptotyphlops monticolus. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of NMZB 15309 — Katare, Kivu, D.R.C. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 2. Leptotyphlops mbanjensis sp. nov. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype, MCZ 48040 — Mbanja, Lindi District, Tanzania. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 3. Leptotyphlops keniensis sp. nov. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype, NMK/O. 2903 — Nyeri, Kenya. The line represents 1 mm to scale. Figure 4. Leptotyphlops aethiopicus sp. nov. Dorsal, lateral and ventral views of the head of the holotype, BMNH 1911.12.13.17 — near Harer, Ethiopia. The line represents 1 mm to scale.
FIGURE 5 in At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles
FIGURE 5. Molecular variation in threadsnakes (Leptotyphlops) from three islands in the Lesser Antilles. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic tree from sequences of four mitochondrial genes, totaling 3,470 aligned base pairs. The tree was rooted with a species from the Greater Antilles, L. leptepileptis (not shown). Asterisks indicate significant nodes (>95%) in both maximum likelihood and minimum evolution analyses.
FIGURE 6 in At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles
FIGURE 6. Relationship of egg shape, clutch size, and body shape in snakes. (A) A log-log plot of egg shape (length/ width) and clutch size (number of eggs) among 193 species of snakes (Appendix 1). The equation for the regression line is: log egg shape = -0.602 (log clutch size) + 0.877. Symbols are means of each species; star indicates L. carlae; other data from the literature. (B) A similar plot for variation within four species; symbols are individuals of each species (closed circles, Coluber constrictor Linnaeus; open circles, Pantherophis obsoletus; triangles, Diadophis punctatus Linnaeus; "x's", Lampropeltis triangulum Lacépède); data are from Appendix 2. (C) A similar plot for variation among clutches of the same female snake; symbols are means of eggs within a clutch (closed circles, Lampropeltis mexicana Garman; open circles, Naja melanoleuca Hallowell; triangles, Elaphe climacophora Boie; squares, Lampropeltis triangulum); lines connect clutches of same snake; data are from Appendix 3. Representations of eggs of different shapes are shown at right for comparison. (D) Relationship of body shape and egg shape in snakes. Shown are the shapes of four snakes of different lengths ranging from 10 cm SVL (top) to 100 cm (bottom). The shapes are derived from the mean of the slopes (0.90) and intercepts (-1.39) determined across all snakes for the log-log regression of SVL and body width (W) at midbody (Table 2), resulting in these average body shapes: 31 (SVL/W) for 10 cm SVL, 34 for 22 cm SVL, 36 for 46 cm SVL and 39 for 100 cm SVL. Average egg shapes are shown for each clutch size indicated, from the relationship in (A) above. The position of the clutch, starting at approximately 10% of SVL anterior to the vent, is based on the results of Shine (1988). A 'v' indicates the position of the vent.
FIGURE 3 in At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles
FIGURE 3. Variation in scalation of threadsnakes (Leptotyphlops) from three islands in the Lesser Antilles. (A) Head scalation (top and side of head) in representatives from each island (USNM 564809, 564810, 564819). Scale bar = 1 mm. Numbered head scales are rostral, RO (1); prefrontal, PF (2); frontal, FR (3); interparietal, IP (4); interoccipital, IO (5), postnasal, PN (6); preocular, PO (7); parietal-I, PA1 (8); parietal-II, PA2 (9); and ocular, OC (10). (B) Plot of parietal-1 scale width versus length. (C) Plot of parietal-2 scale width versus length.
FIGURE 2 in At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles
FIGURE 2. Distribution and pattern variation in threadsnakes (Leptotyphlops) from three islands in the Lesser Antilles. (A) Distribution and generalized color pattern differences (head, midbody, and tail). The location of samples used in sequence analyses is indicated. (B) Head pattern in three individuals from each island, illustrating variation (MNHN 2006.0516, USNM 564808, 564809; USNM 564810, 564815, 564816; BM1969.792, USNM 564819, 564818). Dashed line in Barbados indicates geologic region of sub-reef outcrop.
FIGURE 1 in At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles
FIGURE 1. Two species of threadsnakes (Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles. (A) Leptotyphlops carlae (101 mm TL), adult female paratype (USNM 564818). (B) Leptotyphlops breuili (108 mm TL), adult male paratype (USNM 564811).
FIGURE 7 in At the lower size limit in snakes: two new species of threadsnakes (Squamata: Leptotyphlopidae: Leptotyphlops) from the Lesser Antilles
FIGURE 7. Evolution of extreme body size in island species. Vertical columns separated by dashed lines indicate ecological niches defined by body size. Individual symbols represent species whereas different types of symbols (triangles, circles, and squares) represent different taxonomic groups (e.g., genera, phyla, etc.). (A) A single colonizing species leads to an adaptive radiation (multiple species) on the island, some of which are extreme in size after filling of vacant niches. (B) A similar scenario, but in this case the colonizing species evolves an extreme body size by natural selection alone, without adaptive radiation.
FIGURE 1 in Taxonomy of Epictia munoai (Orejas-Miranda, 1961) (Squamata: Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
FIGURE 1. The striped dorsal color patterns of examined species of the genus Epictia. A: Line blotches (LB) in Epictia clinorostris (MNRJ 16503); B: Triangular blotches (TB) in Epictia borapeliotes (MNRJ 17054); C: Rectangular blotches (RB) in Epictia munoai (MCP 1234). Scale: 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Taxonomy of Epictia munoai (Orejas-Miranda, 1961) (Squamata: Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
FIGURE 2. Dorsal (A), lateral (B), and ventral (C) views of the paratype of Epictia munoai (MNRJ 3306). Scale: 1mm.
FIGURE 3 in Taxonomy of Epictia munoai (Orejas-Miranda, 1961) (Squamata: Serpentes: Leptotyphlopidae)
FIGURE 3. Geographic distribution of Epictia munoai. Triangle = type locality; rectangles = literature data; circles = specimens examined.
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