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61 results for “Lissamphibia”
Figure 4 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)
Figure 4. Comparative scheme of the anterior region of the chondrocranium of Pipa arrabali in dorsal view, at three different stages, identifying the structures that were inferred a posteriori: light pink = quadratoethmoidal process; yellow = quadratoethmoidal ligamentum; blue = ligamentum quadratoethmoidal condrified; orange = processus lateralis trabeculae; green = olfactory nerve. Circle indicates the structure that corresponds to the pars alaris of the cartilago labialis superior. A, 35027-A (SVL: 3.51 mm—Stage II-2); B, 35055-A (SVL: 3.81 mm— Stage II-3); C, 35000-A (SVL: 5.30 mm—Stage II-4). The bar corresponds to 1 mm.
Figure 3 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)
Figure 3. Drawings of the anterior region of the cleared-and-stained chondrocranium of Pipa arrabali in lateral view. A, 35027-A (SVL: 3.51 mm); B, 35055-A (SVL: 3.81 mm); C, 35000-A (SVL: 5.30 mm); D, 35045-B (SVL: 5.80 mm); E, 35045-C (SVL: 5.67 mm); F, 35019-A (SVL: 7.18 mm); G, 35051-A (SVL: 8.21 mm); and H, 14942-B (SVL: 10.50 mm). The structures painted in red represent the bones. The bars correspond to 1 mm.
Figure 1 in Ontogeny as a way to understand morphology of nasal capsule structures in Pipidae, with focus on Pipa arrabali (Lissamphibia: Anura)
Figure 1. Drawings of the anterior region of the cleared-and-stained chondrocranium of Pipa arrabali in dorsal view. A, 35027-A (SVL: 3.51 mm); B, 35055-A (SVL: 3.81 mm); C, 35000-A (SVL: 5.30 mm); D, 35045-C (SVL: 5.67 mm). The structures painted in red represent the bones. The bars correspond to 1 mm.
Figure 2 in Phylogeography of the common toad (Bufo bufo, Lissamphibia: Anura) in Switzerland
Figure 2. Median-joining network of the mitochondrial 16 S rRNA gene in the B. bufo complex and outgroups. Black dots represent single substitution steps. Each haplotype is represented by a circle, with width proportional to frequency. Haplotypes represented by more than three specimens are labelled with a letter (A-M), the legend below the figure lists the associated specimens. The numbers correspond to the specimens listed in Appendix. Specimens from Switzerland in grey.
Figure 1 in Phylogeography of the common toad (Bufo bufo, Lissamphibia: Anura) in Switzerland
Figure 1. Map of Switzerland including localities of collected samples of Bufo bufo and the distribution of the corresponding mitochondrial haplotypes 1 and 2, which correspond to the haplotypes e 3 and e 1 of Garcia-Porta et al. (2012).
Data from: A phylogenomic approach to vertebrate phylogeny supports a turtle-archosaur affinity and a possible paraphyletic Lissamphibia
In resolving the vertebrate tree of life, two fundamental questions remain: 1) what is the phylogenetic position of turtles within amniotes, and 2) what are the relationships between the three major lissamphibian (extant amphibian) groups? These relationships have historically been difficult to resolve, with five different hypotheses proposed for turtle placement, and four proposed branching patterns within Lissamphibia. We compiled a large cDNA/EST dataset for vertebrates (75 genes for 129 taxa) to address these outstanding questions. Gene-specific phylogenetic analyses revealed a great deal of variation in preferred topology, resulting in topologically ambiguous conclusions from the combined dataset. Due to consistent preferences for the same divergent topologies across genes, we suspected systematic phylogenetic error as a cause of some variation. Accordingly, we developed and tested a novel statistical method that identifies sites that have a high probability of containing biased signal for a specific phylogenetic relationship. After removing putatively biased sites, support emerged for a sister relationship between turtles and either crocodilians or archosaurs, as well as for a caecilian-salamander sister relationship within Lissamphibia, with Lissamphibia potentially paraphyletic.
Fig. 6 in From a lost world: an integrative phylogenetic analysis of Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), with the description of a new species
Fig. 6 Head of holotype of Ansonia teneritas sp. nov. in lateral view
Fig. 2 in From a lost world: an integrative phylogenetic analysis of Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), with the description of a new species
Fig. 2 Morphometric measurements used in this study (see Table 2)
Fig. 1 in From a lost world: an integrative phylogenetic analysis of Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), with the description of a new species
Fig. 1 Known records of Ansonia sp. Usun Apau and related species
Fig. 8 in From a lost world: an integrative phylogenetic analysis of Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae), with the description of a new species
Fig. 8 Habitat at the type locality of Ansonia teneritas sp. nov. on the Usun Apau plateau
FIGURE 2 in Dressed in black. A New Ansonia Stoliczka, 1870 (Lissamphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) from Gunung Murud, Sarawak, East Malaysia (Borneo)
FIGURE 2. Holotype of Ansonia vidua sp. nov. (NMBE 1061645) in life.
Data from: Divergence time estimation using fossils as terminal taxa and the origins of Lissamphibia
Were molecular data available for extinct taxa, questions regarding the origins of many groups could be settled in short order. As this is not the case, various strategies have been proposed to combine paleontological and neontological datasets. The use of fossil dates as node age calibrations for divergence time estimation from molecular phylogenies is commonplace. In addition, simulations suggest that the addition of morphological data from extinct taxa may improve phylogenetic estimation when combined with molecular data for extant species, and a few studies have combined morphological and molecular data to estimate combined-evidence phylogenies containing both fossil and extant taxa. However, to date, few if any studies have attempted to infer divergence time estimates using phylogenies containing both extinct and living taxa, sampled for both molecular and morphological data. Here, I infer both the phylogeny and time of origin for Lissamphibia using Bayesian methods, based on a dataset containing morphological data for extinct taxa, molecular data for a number of extant species, and molecular and morphological data for a subset of extant taxa. The results suggest that Lissamphibia is monophyletic, nested within Lepospondyli, and originated in the late Carboniferous at the earliest. This research illustrates potential pitfalls for the use of fossils as post-hoc age constraints on internal nodes, and highlights the importance of explicit phylogenetic analysis of extinct taxa. These results suggest that the application of fossils as minima or maxima on molecular phylogenies should be supplemented or supplanted by combined-evidence analyses whenever possible.
Figure 6 from: Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, Das I, Aggarwal RK (2016) A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). ZooKeys 555: 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6522
Figure 6 - a Eggs and hatchling tadpoles of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. b, c endotrophic larvae of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. showing pale white abdominal yolk d Lateral view of a Stage 43 tadpole of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. e Oral disc of a Stage 35 larva of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n., showing absence of keratodont and the presence of keratinised jaw sheaths f a metamorph of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. showing initiation of tail absorption.
Figure 5 from: Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, Das I, Aggarwal RK (2016) A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). ZooKeys 555: 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6522
Figure 5 - a A live, uncollected specimen of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. showing milky white secretion from the parotoid gland b Amplecting pair (live, uncollected) of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. showing axillary amplexus.
Figure 4 from: Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, Das I, Aggarwal RK (2016) A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). ZooKeys 555: 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6522
Figure 4 - Map showing distribution of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. in the Andaman Islands, Bay of Bengal, India. Holotype collected from Mt Harriet (indicated with a red triangle).
Figure 1 from: Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, Das I, Aggarwal RK (2016) A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). ZooKeys 555: 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6522
Figure 1 - Morphological characters of the Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n.: a dorso-lateral view b dorsal view c ventral view d ventral view of left palm e ventral view of left foot of the adult female holotype (ZSI_A-12521) in life f adult female holotype in preservation g dorsal view of the male paratype (ZSI_A-12529) in life showing inverted-V shaped markings and the inter-ocular band on the dorsum.
Figure 3 from: Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, Das I, Aggarwal RK (2016) A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). ZooKeys 555: 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6522
Figure 3 - Sound spectrogram a and oscillogram b of a 23 second clip of a call of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. . Detailed view of c frequency and d amplitude modulations of a one second long clip of the call e power spectrum of the call of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n.
Figure 2 from: Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, Das I, Aggarwal RK (2016) A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). ZooKeys 555: 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6522
Figure 2 - Skeletal characters of paratypes (ZSI_A-12527) of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n. a complete dry structure b–f various characters visible after staining/clearing of the skeleton. FP – frontoparietal; N – nasal.
Figure 7 from: Chandramouli SR, Vasudevan K, Harikrishnan S, Dutta SK, Janani SJ, Sharma R, Das I, Aggarwal RK (2016) A new genus and species of arboreal toad with phytotelmonous larvae, from the Andaman Islands, India (Lissamphibia, Anura, Bufonidae). ZooKeys 555: 57-90. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.555.6522
Figure 7 - Phylogenetic position of Blythophryne beryet gen. et sp. n., inferred from concatenated partial 12S and 16S rDNA sequences. The posterior probabilities for Bayesian Inference (BI) and the bootstrap support values for the ML are given as (BI /ML) above and below the branch nodes. a The tree was generated using 36 species related to 21 genera, and was rooted using Rhabeo gutattus as outgroup b the subclade containing the Indian and Sri Lankan toads (7 genera, 17 species) rooted using Ghatophryne ornata as outgroup; and c the subclade containing the Indian and Sri Lankan toads (5 genera, 15 species) rooted using Adenomus kelaartii as outgroup.
Data from: A phylogenomic approach to vertebrate phylogeny supports a turtle-archosaur affinity and a possible paraphyletic Lissamphibia
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