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Fig. 5 in New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania

Fig. 5. Fecundosquama basiglobosa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of trunk scales in vertical transverse (A) and longitudinal (B, C) sections. A1. Thin section LIGG 3683. A2. Detail of the left part of the same scale. B1. Thin section LIGG 3686. B2. Detail of the right part of the base of the same scale. B3. Detail of the central part of crown and bordering base area of the same scale. C1. General view, thin section LIGG 3687. C2. The same scale, detail of the right part of crown and bordering base area. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Kurtuvėnai−162 borehole, depth 1052.2 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Jūra Formation (A1, A2 and B1–B3) and Ledai−179 borehole, depth 537.7 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Lapės Formation.

Fig. 6 in New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania

Fig. 6. Arenaceacanthus arcuatacanalis gen. et sp. nov. A–D. SEM micrographs of trunk scales, crown views, anterior upwards. A. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2443. B. LIGG 25−A−2444. C. LIGG 25−A−2446. D. LIGG 25−A−2447. E, F. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (E) and vertical transverse (F) sections. E1. General view, thin section LIGG 3731. E2. Detail of the left side, the lower part of crown and bordering base strip of the same scale. F1. Thin sectionLIGG 3733, general view. F2. Enlarged mainpartof the samescale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Ledai−179 borehole, depth 547.6 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Vievis Formation.

Fig. 4 in New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania

Fig. 4. Fecundosquama basiglobosa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs of scales. A, B, and E. Trunk scales. A. Holotype, LIGG 25−A−2405, anterolateral view, anterior to the left. B. LIGG 25−A−2407, crown view, anterior upwards. E. LIGG 25−A−2406, lateralview, anteriorto the left. C, D. Head? scales, crown views, anterior upwards. C. LIGG 25−A−2409. D. LIGG 25−A−2408. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Gėluva−99 borehole, depth 681.6 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Vievis Formation.

Fig. 3 in New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania

Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation.

Fig. 2 in New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania

Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation.

Fig. 1 in New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania

Fig. 1. Sketch map showing location of the boreholes yielding the majority of the material studied. Borehole and its original number: 1−Stoniškiai, 7−Krekenava, 8−Stačiūnai, 11−Šešuvis, 12−Kunkojai, 44−Nida, 61−Viduklė, 87−Sutkai, 99−Gėluva, 128−Vilkaviškis, 137−Liepkalnis, 162−Kurtuvėnai, 179−Ledai, 241−Butkūnai, 252−Svėdasai.

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Linked collectors and determiners for: Faunistic review of Tetratomidae and Melandryidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) in Lithuania with an annotated checklist of the species.

Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Faunistic review of Tetratomidae and Melandryidae (Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) in Lithuania with an annotated checklist of the species". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/3f040435-a70c-49ec-ae9a-07df11b91f4a">https://bionomia.net/dataset/3f040435-a70c-49ec-ae9a-07df11b91f4a</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/3f040435-a70c-49ec-ae9a-07df11b91f4a">https://gbif.org/dataset/3f040435-a70c-49ec-ae9a-07df11b91f4a</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.

FIG. 11 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 11. — Comparison of biostratigraphical zonality of Silurian acanthodians and taxonomical diversity of zonal associations in the deep shelf (west Lithuania) and shallow shelf (east Lithuania) facies.

FIG. 1 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 1. — Map of Europe showing position of Lithuania (A) and a sketch with location of Lithuanian boreholes yielding the majority of the material studied (B). Borehole and its original number; 1, Stoniškiai; 7, Krekenava; 8, Stačiūnai; 11, Šešuvis; 12, Kunkojai; 44, Nida; 61, Viduklė; 87, Sutkai; 99, Gėluva; 128, Vilkaviškis; 137, Liepkalnis; 162, Kurtuvėnai; 179, Ledai; 241, Butkūnai; 252, Svėdasai; 299, Jočionys; 323, Gražutė. Legend: 1, outcrop-boundary of Silurian rocks; 2, borehole and its original number; 3, boundary between the west and east Lithuanian facies of Silurian rocks.

FIG. 4 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 4. — Silurian (A-N) and basal Lower Devonian (O-Q) climatiiform (A-N) and ischnacanthiform (O-Q) acanthodians of Lithuania. All flank scales, except for I, which is a head scale, crown views, anterior upwards, except for F, scale basal view, and G, H, anterolateral scale view, anterior to left; A, B, Monospina erecta Valiukevičius, 2003, Nida-44 borehole, 1273.8 m, Jūra Fm.; A, LIGG 25-A- 2474; B, LIGG 25-A-2477; C, D, Cheiracanthoides planus Valiukevičius, 1998, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1063.4 m, Jūra Fm.; C, LIGG 25-A-2488; D, LIGG 25-A-2489; E, F, Nostolepis sp. cf. N. fragilis Valiukevičius, 2003, Gėluva-99, 639.4 m, Lower Devonian, Tilžė Fm.; E, LIGG 25-A-2521; F, LIGG 25-A-2520; G-I, Fecundosquama basiglobosa Valiukevičius, 2004, Gėluva-99, 681.6 m, Vievis Fm.; G, LIGG 25-A-2405, holotype; H, LIGG 25-A-2406; I, LIGG 25-A-2409; J, K, cf. Canadalepis linguiformis, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; J, LIGG 25-A-2510; K, LIGG 25-A-2511; L, M, "Pruemolepis wellsi" Vieth-Schreiner, 1983, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; L, LIGG 25-A-2512; M, LIGG 25-A-2513; N, Endemolepis inconstans Valiukevičius, 1998, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm., LIGG 25-A- 2639; O-Q, Bracteatacanthus assiduus Valiukevičius, 2004, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; O, LIGG 25-A-2450; P, LIGG 25-A-2452; Q, LIGG 25-A-2453, holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIG. 5 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 5. — Silurian ischnacanthiform (A-D and F-S) and diplacanthiform (E) acanthodians, flank scales, crown views, anterior upwards, except for O, P, single teeth (O) and tooth whorl (P) in lateral view; A, B, Arenaceacanthus arcuatacanalis Valiukevičius, 2004, Ledai-179 borehole, depth 547.6 m, Vievis Fm.; A, LIGG 25-A-2443, holotype; B, LIGG 25-A-2447; C, D, Rohonilepis breviornatus Valiukevičius, 2004, Gėluva-99, 659.7 m, Jūra Fm.; C, LIGG 25-A-2458; D, LIGG 25-A-2459, holotype; E, Diplacanthus sp., LIGG 25-A-2463, Nida-44, 1221.0 m, Jūra Fm.; F, G, Poracanthodes punctatus Brotzen, 1934; F, LIGG 25-A-2448, Ledai-179, 547.6 m, Vievis Fm.; G, LIGG 25-A-2496, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1063.4 m, Jūra Fm.; H, I, Poracanthodes subporosus Valiukevičius, 1998, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; H, LIGG 25-A-2498; I, LIGG 25-A-2500; J, Poracanthodes sp. cf. P. stonehousensis (sensu Vergoossen 2000), LIGG 25-A-2535, Ledai-179, 537.4 m, Lapės Fm.; K, Poracanthodes porosus?, LIGG 25-A-2404, Ledai-179, 535.0 m, Lapės Fm.; L-N, Poracanthodes porosus Brotzen, 1934; L, LIGG 25-A-2546, Gėluva-99, 667.7 m, Jūra Fm.; M, LIGG 25-A- 2547, Gėluva-99, 667.7 m, Jūra Fm.; N, LIGG 25-A-2548, Šešuvis-11, 1006.0 m, Jūra Fm.; O, P, Gomphonchus sandelensis Gross, 1971, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1007.0 m, Jūra Fm.; O, LIGG 25-A-2528; P, LIGG 25-A-2527; Q, R, Poracanthodes menneri Valiukevičius, 1992, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; Q, LIGG 25-A-2544; R, LIGG 25-A-2545; S, cf. Gomphonchoporus, specimen LIGG 25-A-2491, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1063.4 m, Jūra Fm. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIG. 3 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 3. — Silurian climatiiform acanthodians of Lithuania, flank scales and head tesserae margaritatae (N, O), crown views, anterior upwards and lateral view (B), and fin spine fragments (F, K), base downwards; A, B, Nostolepis alta Märss, 1986; A, LIGG-25-A- 2504, Nida-44 borehole, depth 1213.0 m; B, LIGG-25-A-2497, Kurtuvėnai-162 borehole, depth 1063.4 m, Jūra Formation; C-F, Nostolepis alifera Valiukevičius, 2004; C, LIGG-25-A-2472, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1043.0 m, Jūra Fm.; D, LIGG-25-A-2475, Nida-44, 1273.8 m, Jūra Fm.; E, LIGG-25-A-2481, Stoniškiai-1, 1211.0-1217.0 m, Jūra Fm.; F, LIGG-25-A-2642, Stoniškiai-1, 1211.0- 1217.0 m, Jūra Fm.; G, H, Nostolepis gracilis Gross, 1947; G, LIGG-25-A-2487, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1063.4 m, Jūra Fm.; H, LIGG-25-A- 2523, Gėluva-99, 690.0 m, Vievis Fm.; I, J, Nostolepis sp. cf. N. athleta Valiukevičius, 1994; I, LIGG-25-A-2506, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; J, LIGG-25-A-2529, Ledai-179, 537.4 m, Lapės Fm.; K, Nostolepis elegans (Brotzen, 1934), LIGG-25-A-2478, Nida-44, 1273.8 m, Jūra Fm.; L, M, Nostolepis striata Pander, 1856; L, LIGG-25-A-2554, Lūžni-4, 182.8 m, Targale Fm.; M, LIGG-25-A-2587, Lūžni-4, 260.0 m, Targale Fm.; N, O, tesserae margaritatae of Nostolepis; N, LIGG-25-A-2620, Lūžni-4, 197.2 m, Targale Fm.; O, LIGG-25-A-2635, Lūžni-4, 207.0 m, Targale Fm.; P-R, Vesperalia perplexa Valiukevičius, 2004, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; P, LIGG-25-A-2419; Q, LIGG-25-A-2420; R, LIGG-25-A-2413, holotype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIG. 7 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 7. — Stratigraphic ranges and zones of Silurian acanthodians in the western area of Lithuania. Zonal species in bold.

FIG. 8 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 8. — Stratigraphic ranges and zones of Silurian acanthodians in the eastern area of Lithuania. Taxa are not established yet in the dotted parts of stratigraphic range. Zonal species in bold.

FIG. 10 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 10. — Distribution of the most valuable acanthodian taxa superimposed on the local stratigraphical units in the selected boreholes of west Lithuania. Zonal species in bold.

FIG. 2 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 2. — Silurian climatiiform acanthodians of Lithuania, flank scales, crown views, anterior upwards; A, B, Nostolepis amplifica Valiukevičius, 2003, Ledai-179 borehole, depth 535.0 m, Lapės Formation; A, LIGG-25-A-2397; B, LIGG-25-A-2400, holotype; C, D, Nostolepis magnicostata Valiukevičius, 2003, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; C, LIGG-25-A-2537, holotype; D, LIGG-25-A- 2538; E, F, Nostolepis consueta Valiukevičius, 2003, Ledai-179, 508.5 m, Lapės Fm.; E, LIGG-25-A-2427, holotype; F, LIGG-25-A- 2428; G, H, Nostolepis musca Valiukevičius, 2003; G, morphotype 1, LIGG-25-A-2435, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; H, morphotype 2, LIGG-25-A-2493, Ledai-179, 541.7 m, Lapės Fm.; I, J, Nostolepis elegans (Brotzen, 1934); I, LIGG-25-A-2426, Gėluva-99, 679.3 m, Jūra Fm.; J, LIGG-25-A-2442, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; K-M, Nostolepis linleyensis Miller & Märss, 1999, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1063.4 m, Jūra Fm.; K, LIGG-25-A-2464; L, LIGG-25-A-2465; M, LIGG-25-A-2468; N, Nostolepidida indet., LIGG-25-A-2449, Ledai- 179, 547.6 m, Vievis Fm.; O, P, Nostolepis sp. cf. N. robusta (Brotzen, 1934); O, LIGG-25-A-2462, Nida-44, 1221.0 m, Jūra Fm.; P, LIGG-25-A-2507, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; Q, Nostolepis alta Märss, 1986, LIGG-25-A-2471, Kurtuvėnai-162, depth 1043.0 m, Jūra Fm. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.

FIG. 9 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 9. — Distribution of the most valuable acanthodian taxa superimposed on the local stratigraphical units in the selected boreholes of east Lithuania. Zonal species in bold.

FIG. 6 in Silurian acanthodian biostratigraphy of Lithuania

FIG. 6. — Silurian ischnacanthiform (A-J) and climatiiform (K, L) acanthodians of Lithuania, flank scales, crown views, anterior upwards; A, B, Gomphonchus sandelensis Gross, 1971, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; A, LIGG 25-A-2502; B, LIGG 25-A-2501; C, D, Gomphonchus sp. cf. G. hoppei; C, LIGG 25-A-2479, Gėluva-99, 656.9 m, Jūra Fm.; D, LIGG 25-A-2495, Ledai-179, 535.0 m, Lapės Fm.; E, F, Gomphonchus hoppei (Gross, 1947), Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm.; E, LIGG 25-A-2644; F, LIGG 25-A-2643; G, H, Gomphonchus mediocostatus Vergoossen, 1999, Gėluva-99, 650.0 m, Jūra Fm.; G, LIGG 25-A-2646; H, LIGG 25-A-2648; I, J, Gomphonchus? minutus Valiukevičius, 2004, Lūžni-4, 307.5 m, Minija Fm.; I, LIGG 25-A-2584; J, LIGG 25-A-2581, holotype; K, L, Nostolepis amplifica or N. elegans, a transitional scale variety; K, LIGG 25-A-2482, Kurtuvėnai-162, 1060.8 m, Jūra Fm.; L, LIGG 25-A-2483, Nida-44, 1213.0 m, Jūra Fm. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.