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168 results for “Louisiana”
Maintenance and Restriping Strategies for Pavement Markings on Asphalt Pavements in Louisiana
<p>In Louisiana, most districts restripe their roadways using waterborne paints every other year; this strategy is questionable in terms of efficiency and economy. Meanwhile, previous studies showed substantial variability in the paint service life throughout the United States ranging between 0.25 and 6.2 years. Shortcomings in modeling the retroreflectivity of waterborne paints appear to significantly contribute to these variations as several studies predicted these values using degradation curves with a coefficient of determination (R2) as low as 0.1. Therefore, the objective of this study was to (i) develop new cost-effective restriping strategies using 4-inch (15-mil thickness) and 6-inch (25-mil thickness) wide waterborne paints when applied on asphalt pavements in hot and humid climates, and (ii) employ an advanced machinelearning algorithm to develop performance prediction models for waterborne paints considering the variables that are believed to affect their performance. To achieve these objectives, National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) data were collected and analyzed to evaluate the field performance of waterborne paints commonly used in Southern United States. Results indicated that 4-inch wide standard paints exhibited service life up to four years depending on the line color, traffic and initial retroreflectivity, while 4-inch wide high-build paints had a service life of at least three years. Based on a life-cycle cost analysis, it was concluded that LaDOTD could restripe their district roads every three years instead of the current two-year period using the same product (4-inch or 6-inch wide) saving about $20 or $2 million, respectively, every year when restriping a 5,000-mile network. Additionally two machine-learning models were developed with an acceptable level of accuracy, and that can predict the skip and wheel retroreflectivity of waterborne paints for up to three years using only the initial measured retroreflectivity and the anticipated project conditions over the intended prediction horizon, such as line color, traffic, air temperature, etc. These models could be used by transportation agencies throughout the United States to (1) compare between different products and select the best product for a specific project, and (2) determine the expected service life of a specific product based on a specified threshold retroreflectivity to plan for future restriping activities.</p>
Investigating Problem of Distracted Drivers on Louisiana Roadways
<p>Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17SALSU10. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:</p> <p>"Due to the escalating usage of cellphone and social networking, distracted driving is and will remain as one of the most serious problems faced by Departments of Transportation (DOTs) and law enforcement agencies. Under the aim of in-depth investigation of distracted driving crashes in Louisiana, the specific objectives of this study are: (1) reviewing the crash reports for the quality of distracted driving crash reporting, (2) analyzing distracted driving-related crashes through regression model and data mining algorithm to link the severity of distracted driving crashes with the contributing factors collected in crash data, (3) investigating the observable characteristics of distracted driving roadside and video survey, and (4) recommending the countermeasures utilizing the analysis results and reviews. About 60,000 crashes from ten-year crash data, three types of distracted driving related crashes are modeled: Fatal (K) and Severe (A) Injury; Moderate (B) and Complaint (C) Injury; and Property-damage only (PDO). One statistical method was used for prediction, multinomial logistic regression, and one data mining algorithms was used, random forest. Higher speed limit, curved road, head-on crashes were identified among the key factors. Data mining algorithms performed better in prediction compared to the multinomial logistic regression when sensitivity and specificity were used to compare the predicted results. Fisher’s exact tests of roadside manual observation data shows that gender has no significant influence in cellphone distraction (regardless of distraction type), however age can be influential and associated with driver distraction. Association rule mining of observation data shows that the most predominant type of cellphone use is manipulating mainly occurs at intersections, whereas talking is more associated with segments. In-vehicle video data were coded by the software FaceReader, which captures facial expressions of drivers while driving. Initial results do suggest valence in emotion can be attributed to timing before, during, and after cellphone calls and texting. Physical countermeasure development towards reducing the distraction-related crash severity should be targeted at preventing lane departure crashes. Physical countermeasure development towards reducing the distraction-related crash severity should be targeted at preventing lane departure crashes. Strict enforcement of texting ban with awareness campaign are also expected to prevent distracted driving."</p>
Synthesis of Fault Traces in SE Louisiana Relative to Infrastructure
<p>Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17GTLSU12. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:</p> <p>"Geological faulting has been implicated as a contributor to subsidence, coastal land-loss and submergence of marshlands in southern Louisiana. This report reviews whether fault motion, either by slow creep or more sudden slip, can cause deformation of engineered structures resulting in increased infrastructure maintenance and repair costs. The impact of surface, or near-surface, geologic faulting on critical infrastructure is insufficiently documented in southeastern Louisiana, but the state has a vast amount of energy-sector subsurface data that to date has been under-utilized for transportation and other near-surface engineering applications. Recent and on-going work by research groups at Tulane University, University of New Orleans, and University of Louisiana at Lafayette use energy industry subsurface data, including well data and 2D and 3D seismic reflection data to map and project deep-seated faults that have been in place for millions of years, to create provisional surface fault trace maps. Accurate characterization of active fault locations and effects using both subsurface and surface methods will aid in the design and placement of infrastructure, as well as in developing appropriate mitigation methods. Descriptive criteria for reliability of fault locations were developed and are based on resources used in the interpretation and map scale: Level 1 suspected faults – described in the literature and included here from georeferenced maps; Level 2 identified faults – those observed on 2D or 3D seismic and mapped in a geographic reference system; Level 3 confirmed faults – mapped on seismic and ground-truthed with field methods including age-dated sediment borings and high-resolution seismic. We have compiled data resources in a GIS-based system for simple retrieval and map-based review so that additional work specific to critical infrastructure projects can be prioritized. The intent is to give the public information, so that they may better assess the importance of faulting in any particular project area and as a resource to identify areas that already have energy industry seismic available."</p>
Coastal Bridges under Hurricane Stresses along the Texas and Louisiana Coast
<p>Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 17STTSA02. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:</p> <p>"The main objective of this study was to develop a high-resolution model capable of simulating the response of bridge structures to hydrodynamic loads for hurricane design conditions (i.e. surge height, wave height, and frequency) expected in the Texas-Louisiana coast. The model relied on Coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian techniques (CEL) where solids are simulated with Lagrangian meshes, while fluids are simulated using Eulerian meshes, and was calibrated using historical data from wave impact laboratory tests. Two high resolution models were created, the first of a tsunami wave impact test conducted at Oregon State University and the second of a bridge located in the Gulf Coast that was heavily impacted by hurricane Katrina. The tsunami wave impact model showed that the CEL technique could provide accurate estimates of wave elevation, water velocity, and wall reaction recorded during the tests at Oregon State University. The bridge model was used to calculate bridge support demands for a representative combination of storm surge, wave velocity and wave length."</p>
The Impact of Hurricane Harvey on Pavement Structures in the South East Texas and South West Louisiana
<p>Corresponding data set for Tran-SET Project No. 18PUTA02. Abstract of the final report is stated below for reference:</p> <p>"This study developed a methodology to estimate the damage caused by flooding, such that caused by Hurricane Harvey, on a road or street network. The flooded street or pavement sections are identified using GIS flood maps with street GIS maps used for pavement management systems (PMS) by cities or state authorities. Then the damage caused by flooding directly through the increase moisture in foundation layers or indirectly due to the increase heavy traffic during the relief effort is estimated. An example Excel macro was created to illustrate the estimation process. The methodology estimates the increase in rehabilitation costs since the flooding imposes that many rehabilitation works must be done earlier than anticipated before the flooding. The methodology also estimated the increase in fuel consumption caused by the increased in pavement roughness if the rehabilitation works are done when anticipated before the flooding. The methodology and the Excel macro can also be used to identify the pavement structures with better resilience to the flooding by grouping sections based on the flooding duration (no flooding, single and multiple day flooding) and on design features such as pavement type, functional class, age or time from the most recent resurfacing or reconstruction, subgrade soil type, traffic volume, layer thickness."</p>
FIGURE 3 in Late Paleocene examples of residual coloration and embryonic features in juvenile marine mollusks from Northwest Louisiana
FIGURE 3 caption next page.
Data from: Integrating Bayesian genomic cline analyses and association mapping of morphological and ecological traits to dissect reproductive isolation and introgression in a Louisiana Iris hybrid zone
Hybrid zones provide unique opportunities to examine reproductive isolation and introgression in nature. We utilized 45,384 Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) loci to perform association mapping of 14 floral, vegetative, and ecological traits that differ between Iris hexagona and Iris fulva, and to investigate, using a Bayesian Genomic Cline (BGC) framework, patterns of genomic introgression in a large and phenotypically diverse hybrid zone in southern Louisiana. Many loci of small effect-size were consistently found to be associated with phenotypic variation across all traits, and several individual loci were revealed to influence phenotypic variation across multiple traits. Patterns of genomic introgression were quite heterogeneous throughout the Louisiana Iris genome, with I. hexagona alleles tending to be favored over those of I. fulva. Loci that were found to have exceptional patterns of introgression were also found to be significantly associated with phenotypic variation in a small number of morphological traits. However, this was the exception rather than the rule, as most loci that were associated with morphological trait variation were not significantly associated with excess ancestry. These findings provide insights into the complexity of the genomic architecture of phenotypic differences and are a first step towards identifying loci that are associated with both trait variation and reproductive isolation in nature.
Louisiana mottled duck telemetry summer survival data 2018-2020 and water level data from Hurricane Laura surge
<p>Tropical cyclones are the most powerful storms on earth, causing catastrophic damage to human lives and infrastructure. Hurricanes also cause wildlife mortality when they make landfall, but the severity of these effects is difficult to quantify because data collection is either logistically impossible or deprioritized in the wake of human tragedy. On 27 August 2020, Hurricane Laura made landfall in southwestern Louisiana with maximum sustained winds of 241 kph (150 mph), making it one of the most powerful storms to strike the mainland United States. Hurricane Laura passed directly over the core breeding range of the Western Gulf Coast population of Mottled Duck (<i>Anas fulvigula</i>), during a time when many adult birds were undergoing a simultaneous wing feather molt and were flightless. We used GPS-GSM telemetry data to evaluate survival rates of adult female Mottled Ducks in late summer 2020 (bracketing 27 August by one month on either side) relative to the same period in 2018 and 2019. Mortality was lower in 2018 (12 out of 29; 41%) and 2019 (8 out of 28; 29%) than in 2020 (12 out of 18; 67%), and 7 out of 12 mortalities documented in 2020 occurred when Hurricane Laura made landfall. Survival analyses in Program MARK confirmed lower survival probability in 2020, but there was overlap in 85% confidence intervals in all years. This single storm resulted in the death of ~40% of all marked birds in our sample, suggesting that hurricanes have the potential to influence population demographics. In addition, Hurricane Laura resulted in widespread habitat loss and degradation that has reduced available nesting habitat in 2021, and possibly for years to come. The acute and chronic effects of hurricanes may exacerbate Mottled Duck population declines, which may worsen in the face of increasingly frequent and more severe tropical storms.</p>
Louisiana black-bellied whistling-duck clutch characteristics in the presence of conspecific and interspecific brood parasitism
<p>Black-bellied Whistling-Ducks (Dendrocygna autumnalis; hereafter Whistling-Duck) are undergoing a rapid range expansion northward and now breed throughout the southeastern United States. As a facultative cavity-nesting species, they have the potential to compete with Wood Ducks (Aix sponsa) and Hooded Mergansers (Lophodytes cucullatus) for nest sites. Little is known about Whistling-Duck breeding biology, and estimates of clutch characteristics and rates of conspecific and interspecific brood parasitism (hereafter, CBP and IBP respectively) are lacking. We monitored Whistling-Duck nests in Louisiana to describe nesting chronology, clutch size of parasitized and unparasitized (hereafter, normal) nests, and hatchability (i.e., the portion of eggs that hatched) for clutches of different sizes and types. We monitored a total of 558 nest boxes 2020–2021 and determined the presence of brood parasitism for 231 Whistling-Duck nests. CBP was detected in 73 (31.6%) nests, and IBP was observed in 51 (22.1%) nests parasitized by Wood Ducks, 2 (0.9%) nests parasitized by Hooded Mergansers, and 1 nest contained eggs from all three species. Normal clutches were smaller (15.4 ± 4.4 eggs) than CBP clutches (26.1 ± 8.8 eggs) and mixed clutches (22.2 ± 5.3 eggs; clutches containing Wood Duck or Hooded Merganser eggs; all pairwise P < 0.0001). However, within-clutch repeatability estimates for egg morphology data (i.e., length, width, and mass) were low (< 0.40) for normal clutches, suggesting CBP went undetected. Of 180 fated nests used to determine hatchability, 66 (36.7%) were successful, 49 (27.2%) were abandoned, 64 (35.6%) were depredated, and 1 (0.6%) was nonviable. Considering successful nests, hatchability was high for all clutch size bins ranging from 67.4% (41-45 eggs) to 81.6% (11-15 eggs). This study is the first to document Whistling-Ducks successfully hatching mixed-species broods, and such high productivity could be contributing to whistling-duck range expansion.</p>
Development of Distress Index Prediction Models for Rehabilitation Treatments in Louisiana Using Advanced Machine Learning Techniques
<p>Performance prediction models are used by state agencies to predict future trends in distress indices, hence, determining the required maintenance and/or rehabilitation treatment as well as the deterioration rate and remaining pavement service life. However, most of these models are based on a limited number of parameters and cannot predict the performance distress indices reliably. Such limitation resulted in having, most of the time, a maximum prediction period of five years. As a solution and coping with the ever-increasing size of pavement data, machine learning techniques have become a promising alternative. The objective of this study was to develop a machine-learning-based framework for states with a hot and humid climate that can predict the long-term field performance (for 11 years) of their asphalt (AC) overlays based on their key project conditions. Two machine learning algorithms were examined, namely Random Forest (RF) and CatBoost, and the one yielding a higher accuracy was considered. In this study, the well-known pavement condition index (PCI) was used as the pavement performance indicator. A total of 892 log miles of AC overlay data were obtained from the Louisiana Department of Transportation and Development (LaDOTD) Pavement Management System (PMS) database. Based on the collected data, six models were trained (for each algorithm) and validated to predict the future PCI of AC overlays for up to 11 years. Results indicated that the RF algorithm yielded higher accuracy than the CatBoost Algorithm and thus the RF-based models were considered in the proposed decision-making framework.</p>
Comparative Analysis of 3D Printed Bridge Construction in Louisiana
<p>A construction 3D printing system could result in automated infrastructure development at reduced cost and time, significantly boosting overall productivity. Although there has been a growing interest in using construction 3D printing for projects such as house construction, implementing this innovative technology for infrastructure development, particularly bridge construction, has not been investigated as extensively. This study aims to compare the environmental impact of precast and 3D concrete printing (3DCP) techniques with a pedestrian bridge case study, located in Louisiana, where the bridge elements were 3D printed off-site and then transported and assembled on the bridge site. A detailed cradle-to-site life cycle assessment has been performed from the standpoint of material, construction, and installation stages, using an open-source software called OpenLCA. The results of this study showed that the mixtures commonly used in 3DCP have a higher negative environmental impact compared to the precast method due to the higher percentage of cement used in these materials. However, since 3DCP used less material than the precast technique, there is no significant difference in the environmental impact of the total concrete used between the 3DCP and precast bridges. In addition, due to the use of reinforcement and formwork in the precast technique, the environmental impact of the total materials used in the precast bridge was more adverse than the 3DCP bridge. Notably, due to use of electricity for printing, the negative environmental impact of the construction process in 3DCP was significantly higher than in the precast technique. Finally, the total carbon dioxide equivalent emitted during the construction of the 3DCP bridge was 80% of the precast bridge.</p>
Relationship of dredged canals and wetland loss in Louisiana
<p>The direct effects of converting wetlands to open water by dredging can be magnified by indirect effects. For example, the dredged canal allows for recovery of mineral fluids 1000s of m belowground which may induce geological subsidence or faulting; dredged material deposited at the surface to form continuous levees may create hydrologic stressors on the wetland plants resulting in a conversion to open water habitat as a result of both soil waterlogging and drying, less organic matter and sediment accumulation, or greater erosion. We quantified indirect effects by demonstrating a robust dose-response relationship between coastal land loss and dredging canals in the Mississippi and Niger river deltas over 60 years. Importantly, the ratio of land loss to canal area increases with time – a legacy effect. We also found that flood protection levees on the main channel did not magnify the effect of dredging on wetland loss by inhibiting sediment flow into adjacent wetlands along its banks.</p>
The Louisiana (LA) Health Project
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00289315. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 9.
Promoting Successful Weight Loss in Primary Care in Louisiana
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02561221. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 12.
LOSS- Louisiana Obese Subjects Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00115063. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Louisiana mottled duck telemetry summer survival data 2018-2020 and water level data from Hurricane Laura surge
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Data from: An invasive insect, hemlock woolly adelgid, indirectly impacts Louisiana Waterthrush nest site selection and nest survival in the southern Appalachians
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Louisiana black-bellied whistling-duck clutch characteristics in the presence of conspecific and interspecific brood parasitism
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Data from: Integrating Bayesian genomic cline analyses and association mapping of morphological and ecological traits to dissect reproductive isolation and introgression in a Louisiana Iris hybrid zone
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Stable isotope values from coastal Louisiana mangrove and salt marsh communities in May 2016
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