Find research datasets worth reusing
Search datasets from major research repositories and use ShareScore to quickly assess how well each record supports discovery, access, and reuse.
140
datasets available to search
ShareScore release 0.9.0
Dataset results
140 results for “Mammal Evolution”
Supplementary data: The molecular evolution of cancer associated genes in mammals
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Supporting data for: Evolutionary drivers, morphological evolution and diversity dynamics of a surviving mammal clade: cainotherioids at the Eocene-Oligocene transition
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Tetrapod vocal evolution reveals faster rates and higher-pitched sounds for mammals
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Early origins of divergent patterns of morphological evolution on the mammal and reptile stem-lineages
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Relaxed selection in evolution of genes regulating limb development gives clue to variation in forelimb morphology of cetaceans and other mammals
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Dollo meets Bergmann: Morphological evolution in secondary aquatic mammals
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Convergent evolution and predictability of gene copy numbers associated with diets in mammals
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data from: Evolution of the MHC-DQB exon 2 in marine and terrestrial mammals
On the basis of a general low polymorphism, several studies suggest that balancing selection in the class II major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is weaker in marine mammals as compared with terrestrial mammals. We investigated such differential selection among Cetacea, Artiodactyla, and Primates at exon 2 of MHC-DQB gene by contrasting indicators of molecular evolution such as occurrence of transpecific polymorphisms, patterns of phylogenetic branch lengths by codon position, rates of nonsynonymous and synonymous substitutions as well as accumulation of variable sites on the sampling of alleles. These indicators were compared between the DQB and the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cytb) as a reference of neutral expectations and differences between molecular clocks resulting from life history and historical demography. All indicators showed that the influence of balancing selection on the DQB is more variable and overall weaker for cetaceans. In our sampling, ziphiids, the sperm whale, monodontids and the finless porpoise formed a group with lower DQB polymorphism, while mysticetes exhibited a higher DQB variation similar to that of terrestrial mammals as well as higher occurrence of transpecific polymorphisms. Different dolphins appeared in the two groups. Larger variation of selection on the cetacean DQB could be related to greater stochasticity in their historical demography and thus, to a greater complexity of the general ecology and disease processes of these animals.
Data from: Cenozoic evolution of beta diversity and a Pleistocene emergence for modern mammal faunas in China
Aim Historical changes in community structure underlie modern spatial diversity patterns, but few empirical studies have focused on the variation in the community composition of fossil assemblages at large spatiotemporal scales. We wanted to investigat how the spatial differentiation of mammal communities changed in China throughout the Cenozoic in response to tectonic uplift and paleoclimatic changes and explore the timing of the emergence of the modern spatially structured faunas. Location China Time period Cenozoic (from 65 Ma to the present) Major taxa studied Terrestrial mammals Methods We used a compiled database of the distributions of fossil and extant mammals to compare the multiple-site beta diversity among families and genera within six time intervals of the Cenozoic using Sørensen dissimilarity (βsor) and Simpson dissimilarity (βsim). To investigate the timing of the emergence of the modern spatially structured faunas, we applied hierarchical clustering and non-metric multidimensional scaling ordination based on pairwise βsim among seven zoogeographical regions within each time slice. Results The multiple-site beta diversity at the family level displayed hump-shaped changes during the Cenozoic, and it peaked in the Eocene and gradually decreased towards the present. However, the genus-level multiple-site beta diversity remained rather constant throughout the Cenozoic. Pronounced variations in the relationships among the zoogeographical regions were revealed in both the cluster analyses and ordinations. The modern spatial structure of mammal faunas at the family level was broadly similar to those observed in the Pliocene and Pleistocene. Main conclusions The spatial differentiation of mammal faunas in China dates back to the Eocene and pre-dates the formation of modern topography and climate. Throughout the Cenozoic, the spatial structure of mammal faunas was reorganized by an interplay of the uplift of the Tibetan Plateau, the emergence of the monsoon system and global macroevolutionary processes. The modern relationships among zoogeographical regions at the family level were established in the Pleistocene.
Data from: The evolution of mammal body sizes: responses to Cenozoic climate change in North American mammals
Explanations for the evolution of body size in mammals have remained surprisingly elusive despite the central importance of body size in evolutionary biology. Here, we present a model which argues that the body sizes of Nearctic mammals were moulded by Cenozoic climate and vegetation changes. Following the early Eocene Climate Optimum, forests retreated and gave way to open woodland and savannah landscapes, followed later by grasslands. Many herbivores that radiated in these new landscapes underwent a switch from browsing to grazing associated with increased unguligrade cursoriality and body size, the latter driven by the energetics and constraints of cellulose digestion (fermentation). Carnivores also increased in size and digitigrade, cursorial capacity to occupy a size distribution allowing the capture of prey of the widest range of body sizes. With the emergence of larger, faster carnivores, plantigrade mammals were constrained from evolving to large body sizes and most remained smaller than 1 kg throughout the middle Cenozoic. We find no consistent support for either Cope's Rule or Bergmann's Rule in plantigrade mammals, the largest locomotor guild (n = 1186, 59% of species in the database). Some cold-specialist plantigrade mammals, such as beavers and marmots, showed dramatic increases in body mass following the Miocene Climate Optimum which may, however, be partially explained by Bergmann's rule. This study reemphasizes the necessity of considering the evolutionary history and resultant form and function of mammalian morphotypes when attempting to understand contemporary mammalian body size distributions.
Mammal-mediated seed dispersal in Vanilla: its rewards and clues to the evolution of fleshy fruits in orchids
<p>Data on frequency of visits by Vanilla bahiana dispersers and data on acid scarification of seeds.</p>
Figure 3. A in The evolution of anteriorly directed molar occlusion in mammals
Figure 3. A, reconstructions of muscle orientation that highlight the posited shift to anteriorly directed resultant force vectors in cladotherians. Although early cladotherians did not possess anterior occlusal movement, they did have increased transverse movement that might have been generated by anteriorly oriented muscles (see main text; Grossnickle, 2017). For simplicity, the temporalis is not included in the reconstructions, but it is expected to remain posteriorly oriented in all synapsids (Turnbull, 1970; DeMar & Barghusen, 1972; Lautenschlager et al., 2017). B, the evolution of a posterior angular process and detached middle ear (DME) in cladotherians, but note that the DME evolved independently in multituberculates (not illustrated here) and that there is uncertainty about the evolutionary timing of the DME in the lineage leading to therians (Urban et al., 2017; Luo & Manley, 2020; Mao et al., 2020). For the jaw representing eutriconodontans and spalacotherioids, the middle ear elements are displaced medially from the jaw, but the ossified Meckel's cartilage (MC; yellow) maintains an ear–jaw connection. Skull and jaw reconstructions are based on images in papers by Allin (1975), Sues (1986), Kermack et al. (1981), Krause (1982), Fish (1983), Krebs (1991), Rougier et al. (2003), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Hu et al. (2005), Paéz Arango (2008), Wible et al. (2009), Lautenschlager et al. (2017), Bhullar et al. (2019) and Panciroli et al. (2021).
Figure 1 in The evolution of anteriorly directed molar occlusion in mammals
Figure 1. Jaw movement during molar occlusion in a didelphid opossum. The straight red arrows represent movement during the two phases of occlusion (Schwermann, 2014), and the dashed line is the outline of the upper molar. In both the occlusal view (left box) and posterior view (right box), the arrows follow the path of homologous cusps (the protoconids). The 'compass rose' illustrates the occlusal movement in occlusal view, with the lengths of the arrows reflecting the inclination angles of the phase; the shorter arrow represents a steeper, dorsomedial movement, and the longer arrow represents a shallower medial movement (von Koenigswald et al., 2013). We categorize this taxon (Monodelphis) as having an 'anterior component' because at least one of the phases includes anterior movement. Inserting on the jaw are three muscles that contract simultaneously in many therians to create medial movement via yaw (curved red arrow): working-side superficial masseter (SM), working-side medial pterygoid (MP) and balancing-side temporalis (T). The silhouette is by Sarah Werning (license CC BY 3.0, unaltered image).
Figure 2 in The evolution of anteriorly directed molar occlusion in mammals
Figure 2. Jaw directional movement during postcanine occlusion in synapsids, highlighting the evolutionary origin of anteriorly directed occlusion at or near the therian node. Lineage colours correspond to the 'compass rose' directions (see main text; Supporting Information, Table S1), with 'transverse-shearing' represented by black-and-grey dashed lines. For the didelphid, docodontan and ungulate jaws, the left hemimandible is the working side. Ancestral reconstructions of occlusal direction are based, in part, on ancestral molar morphologies. For instance, early therian lineages possess a tribosphenic molar morphology, which generally includes some degree of anterior occlusal movement (Fig. 1; Crompton & Hiiemae, 1970; Kallen & Gans, 1972; Kay & Hiiemae, 1974a; Schwermann, 2014). Lineages along the phylogenetic backbone of the non-mammalian cynodont portion of the phylogeny are likely to have possessed triconodont dentitions, with occlusion that is primarily orthal or 'transverse-shearing' (Crompton, 1972; Bonaparte et al., 2005; Jäger et al., 2019). For additional information and sources, see the Supporting Information (Table S1). The phylogeny and fossil ages are from Rougier et al. (2012), Huttenlocker et al. (2018), Jones et al. (2019), Upham et al. (2019), King & Beck (2020) and the Paleobiology Database (paleobiodb.org). The multituberculate silhouette is based on artwork by Misaki Ouchida. Additional silhouettes are from phylopic.org and attributed to Sarah Werning (licence CC BY 3.0, unaltered image; didelphid), Rebecca Groom (CC BY-SA 3.0; rodent), Dfoidl (CC BY-SA 3.0; ungulate) and FunkMonk Michael B. H. (CC BY-SA 3.0; docodontan).
Decoupled evolution of the cranium and mandible in carnivoran mammals
<p>The relationship between skull morphology and diet is a prime example of adaptive evolution. In mammals, the skull consists of the cranium and the mandible. While the mandible is expected to evolve more directly in response to dietary changes, dietary regimes may have less influence on the cranium because additional sensory and brain-protection functions may impose constraints on its morphological evolution. Here, we tested this hypothesis by comparing the evolutionary patterns of cranium and mandible shape and size across 100+ species of carnivoran mammals with distinct feeding ecologies. Our results show decoupled modes of evolution in cranial and mandibular shape; cranial shape follows clade-based evolutionary shifts whereas mandibular shape evolution is linked to broad dietary regimes. These results are consistent with previous hypotheses regarding hierarchical morphological evolution in carnivorans and greater evolutionary lability of the mandible with respect to diet. Furthermore, in hypercarnivores, the evolution of both cranial and mandibular size is associated with relative prey size. This demonstrates that dietary diversity can be loosely structured by craniomandibular size within some guilds. Our results suggest that mammal skull morphological evolution is shaped by mechanisms beyond dietary adaptation alone.</p>
Supplementary material 5 from: Williamson TE, Brusatte SL, Wilson GP (2014) The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: the Cretaceous record. ZooKeys 465: 1-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.465.8178
Data used to calculate taxonomic richness for Metatherian shown in Figure 15.: Explanation note: Data used to calculate taxonomic richness for Metatheria shown in Figure 15.
Supplementary material 4 from: Williamson TE, Brusatte SL, Wilson GP (2014) The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: the Cretaceous record. ZooKeys 465: 1-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.465.8178
Temporal ranges of Cretaceous metatherian taxa used to calculate taxonomic richness of Metatheria.: Explanation note: Temporal ranges of Cretaceous metatherian taxa used to calculate taxonomic richness of Metatheria (Suppl. material 5). Data were compiled from the Paleobiology Database (PBDB; http: //fossilworks.org/?a=home), Kielan-Jaworowska et al. (2004), Woodburne et al. (2004), Williamson et al. (2012), Tables 3–4, and based on the timescale of Ogg et al. (2004).
Supplementary material 3 from: Williamson TE, Brusatte SL, Wilson GP (2014) The origin and early evolution of metatherian mammals: the Cretaceous record. ZooKeys 465: 1-76. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.465.8178
Characters in common on the most parsimonious trees diagnosing the nodes on the strict consensus tree in Figure 6.: Explanation note: Characters in common on the most parsimonious trees diagnosing the selected nodes on the strict consensus tree resulting from the analysis run with characters ordered.
Figure 12. Dryolestes leiriensis left inner ear virtual endocast. A, dorsomedial view. B in The petrosal and inner ear of the Late Jurassic cladotherian mammal Dryolestes leiriensis and implications for ear evolution in therian mammals
Figure 12. Dryolestes leiriensis left inner ear virtual endocast. A, dorsomedial view. B, ventrolateral view. Abbreviations: ac, aqueductus cochleae; asc, anterior semicircular canal; asca, anterior semicircular canal ampulla; av, aqueductus vestibuli; bpl, base for primary bony lamina of basilar membrane; bsl, base of the secondary bony lamina of basilar membrane; cc, crus commune; cg, cochlear ganglion (blue, reconstructed); cn(viii), reconstructed cochlear nerve (cranial nerve VIII); co, cochlear canal basal portion [the first half-turn (180° arc) from the sacculo-utricular junction]; co-a, cochlear canal apical portion [the apical quarter-turn (270-180° arc)]; dus, division between utricule and saccule; fc, fenestra cochleae; fcn, foramina for cochlear nerve fibres (cranial nerve VIII) [= tractus spiralis foraminosus, or the foramina through the cribriform plate between the internal acoustic meatus and the cochlear ganglion canal (cg)]; fsa(viii), foramen for saccular nerve; fut (viii), foramen for utricular nerve (VIII); fv, fenestra vestibuli; iam, internal acoustic meatus; ivc, inflection of vestibule and cochlea; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; lsca, lateral semicircular canal ampulla; p-fcn, the posterior-most entry foramen of the cochlear nerve fibres; psc, posterior semicircular canal; psca, posterior semicircular canal ampulla; sa, saccule; scc, secondary crus commune; ut, utricle.
Figure 4 in The petrosal and inner ear of the Late Jurassic cladotherian mammal Dryolestes leiriensis and implications for ear evolution in therian mammals
Figure 4. Dryolestes leiriensis left petrosal and the inner ear bony labyrinth (Gui Mam 2/81). Micro-computed tomography scan transverse slices of the vestibular and canalicular regions. Continued from Figure 1: J-R, anterior-posterior series from approximately the middle to the posterior end of the inner ear bony labyrinth. Abbreviations: ac, aqueductus cochleae; asc, anterior semicircular canal; asca, anterior semicircular canal ampulla; av, aqueductus vestibuli; cc, crus commune; fc, fenestra cochleae; fv, fenestra vestibuli; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; lsca, lateral semicircular canal ampulla; nc, nuchal crest component of pars canalicularis; psc, posterior semicircular canal; psca, posterior semicircular canal ampulla; ptc, post-temporal canal (incomplete, preserved as an open groove); sa, saccule; saf, subarcuate fossa; scc, secondary crus commune; sss, sigmoid sinus groove; ut, utricule.
ScienceDex guides
Understand access before you commit
These curated guides explain access requirements, typical timelines, costs, and reuse considerations for widely used research datasets.
Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.