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59 results for “Mammaliaformes”
Figure 17 in New species of mammaliaform and the cranium of Borealestes (Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles
Figure 17. Borealestes cuillinensis (holotype, NMS G.2020.4.1.1) nasals and?lacrimal. A1–3, right nasals: A, ventral/ endocranial view; A2, dorsal view; A3, medial view. B1–3, right?nasal: B1, dorsal view; B2, lateral view; B3, medial/ endocranial view. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Scale bar equals 1 mm, scale same throughout.
Figure 18 in New species of mammaliaform and the cranium of Borealestes (Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles
Figure 18. Borealestes cuillinensis (holotype, NMS G.2020.4.1.1) right lacrimal and diagrammatic illustrations: A, right lateral view; B, endocranial view; C, dorsal view. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Dark grey areas on diagrammatic illustrations indicate broken surfaces. Scale bar equals 1 mm, scale same throughout.
Figure 14 in New species of mammaliaform and the cranium of Borealestes (Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles
Figure 14. Borealestes serendipitus (NMS G.1992.47.121.1) palatal portion of cranium and left lacrimal. A, virtual slice from synchrotron µCT showing cross-section of palate. B, dorsal view with diagrammatic illustration below. C1–4, left lacrimal: C1, dorsal view; C2, left lateral view; C3 medial view; C4, ventral view. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Dark grey areas on diagrammatic illustrations indicate broken surfaces. Scale bar equals 1 mm, scale same throughout.
Figure 13 in New species of mammaliaform and the cranium of Borealestes (Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles
Figure 13. Borealestes serendipitus (NMS G.1992.47.121.1) palatal portion of cranium and right lacrimal. A1-2, palatal portion of cranium, A1, ventral view; A2, right lateral view with diagrammatic illustration below. B1–4, right lacrimal (see also Fig. 13); B1, right posterolateral view; B2, dorsal view; B3, medial view; B4 right lateral view. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Dark grey areas on diagrammatic illustrations indicate broken surfaces. Scale bar equals 1 mm, scale same throughout.
Figure 11 in New species of mammaliaform and the cranium of Borealestes (Mammaliformes: Docodonta) from the Middle Jurassic of the British Isles
Figure 11. Borealestes cuillinensis (holotype, NMS G.2020.4.1.1) anterior part of right dentary and right premaxilla:. A1–3, right dentary: A1, right lateral view; A2, lingual view; A3, occlusal view. B1–2, fragment of right premaxilla: B1, right lateral view; B2, occlusal view. Arrows indicate anterior direction. Scale bar equals 1 mm, scale same throughout.
Figure 8 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 8. Dorsal view of the reconstructed inner ear endocasts of the Berezovsk petrosals. A,?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/71. B,?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/38; C,?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/37; D,?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/69; E,?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/70. Anterior to the top, scalebars equal 1 mm. See also Supporting Information, available from digital data repository Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwt2d). Abbreviations: aasc, ampulla of the anterior semicircular canal; alsc, ampulla of the lateral semicircular canal; apsc, ampulla of the posterior semicircular canal; asc, anterior semicircular canal; bpa CN VIII, branch for posterior ampulla of CN VIII; cc, crus commune; cp CN VIII, cochlear part of CN VIII; ed, endolymphatic duct; fn CN VII, facial nerve; icca, inflated cochlear canal apex; lsc, lateral semicircular canal; psc, posterior semicircular canal; sb CN VIII, saccular branch of CN VIII; scc, secondary crus commune; vp CN VIII, vestibular (utriculo-ampullar) part of CN VIII.
Figure 9 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 9. Reconstruction of the vascular system of the?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/38 (A) and?haramiyidan petrosal PIN5087/37 (B) from Siberia.
Figure 4 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 4. µCT slices (A–D) through the?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/71. Orientation for virtual petrosal in left column is anterior to the top. Orientation of µCT images is indicated on the left upper petrosal; dorsal to the top. Abbreviations: apsc, ampulla of posterior semicircular canal; ats, anterior transcochlear sinus; cc, crus commune; cca, cochlear canal; ci, crista interfenestralis; cnc, cochlear nerve canal; ec, endolymphatic canal; fv, fenestra vestibuli; ips, inferior petrosal sinus; mpr, mastoid pneumatic recess; pf, perilymphatic foramen; poc, prootic canal; ptf, pterygoparoccipital foramen; spd, sulcus for perilymphatic duct; v, vestibule.
Figure 3 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 3. Reconstruction of the vascularization of the Berezovsk petrosals with inner ear endocasts (magenta), innervation (yellow) and venous system (blue) inside translucent petrosal bone. A, dorsal view of?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/71; B, dorsal view of?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/38; C, dorsal view of?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/37; D, detailed internal acoustic meatus of (1) PIN 5087/38, (2) PIN 5087/71 and (3) PIN 5087/37; E, ventral view of?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/38; F, dorsal view of?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/70; G, dorsal view of?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/69; H, inner-ear endocast of the extant monotreme Ornithorhynchus without petrosal, endocast in grey, innervation in yellow [modified from Schultz et al. (2017)]. Anterior to the top. Not to scale. See also Supporting Information, available from digital data repository Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwt2d). Abbreviations: ats, anterior transcochlear sinus; cb,
Figure 1. Virtual 3D in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 1. Virtual 3D models of?docodontan petrosals (right side) from Berezovsk Quarry (Western Siberia, Russia). A, ventral view of PIN 5087/71; B, dorsal view of PIN 5087/71; C, ventral view of PIN 5087/38; D, dorsal view of PIN 5087/38. Anterior to the top. See also Supporting Information, available from digital data repository Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/ dryad.t1g1jwt2d). Abbreviations: basc, bony anterior semicircular canal; bpsc, bony posterior semicircular canal; ccc, canal containing crus commune; ci, crista interfenestralis; cips, canal connecting to the inferior petrosal sinus; cp, crista parotica; cv, canaliculus vestibuli (= bony canal for the membranous endolymphatic duct, foramen is broken); ef, endolymphatic foramen; fcn, foramen for the cochlear nerve; fsa, fossa subarcuata; fv, fenestra vestibuli; fvn, foramen for the vestibular nerve; hF, hiatus Fallopii; jn, jugular notch; lf, lateral flange;?lff, possibly lateral flange foramen; lt, lateral trough; mfp, medial flat facet of promontorium; mpr, mastoid pneumatic recess; nfa, nutritive foramina; p, promontorium; pf, perilymphatic foramen; pff, primary facial foramen; poc, prootic canal; ppr, paroccipital pneumatic recess; ptf, pterygoparoccipital foramen; sf, saccular foramen; sff, secondary facial foramen; sirsa, sulcus for inferior ramus of stapedial artery; slhv, sulcus for lateral
Figure 2 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 2. Detailed anatomy of the lateral trough area of three right petrosals based on virtual 3D surface models. A,?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/37 ventrolateral view; B,?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/37 lateral view; C,?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/69 ventrolateral view; in comparison to: D,?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/38 ventrolateral view; E,?docodontan petrosal PIN 5087/38 lateral view. Anterior to the top. Scalebars equal 1 mm. Red areas mark broken edges of the lateral flange. Abbreviations: atcsf, foramen leading to anterior transcochlear [= 'epicochlear' of Harper & Rougier (2019)] sinus; cep, cavum epiptericum; ci, crista interfenestralis; cp, crista parotica; csc, cavum supracochleare; fc, facial canal; fv, fenestra vestibuli; hF, hiatus Fallopii; jn, jugular notch; lf, lateral flange; mpr, mastoid pneumatic recess; poc, prootic canal; ppr, paroccipital pneumatic recess; ptcsf, foramen leading to posterior transcochlear [= 'epicochlear' of Harper & Rougier (2019)] sinus; ptf, pterygoparoccipital foramen; sff, secondary facial foramen; sirsa, sulcus for inferior ramus of stapedial artery; slhv, sulcus for the lateral head vein; smf, stapedius muscle fossa; vf atcs, vascular foramen for venous vessel connecting to the anterior transcochlear sinus.
Figure 5. Virtual 3D in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 5. Virtual 3D models of?haramiyidan petrosals (right side) from Berezovsk Quarry (Western Siberia, Russia). A, ventral view of PIN 5087/37; B, dorsal view of PIN 5087/37; C, ventral view of PIN 5087/69; D, dorsal view of PIN 5087/69. Anterior to the top. See also Supporting Information, available from digital data repository Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/ dryad.t1g1jwt2d). Abbreviations: ccc canal containing crus commune; ci, crista interfenestralis; cips, canal connecting to the inferior petrosal sinus; cnf, cochlear nerve fibre foramina; cp, crista parotica; ef, endolymphatic foramen; fcn, foramen for the cochlear nerve; fsa, fossa subarcuata; fv, fenestra vestibuli; fvn, foramen for the vestibular nerve; hF, hiatus Fallopii; jn, jugular notch; lf, lateral flange; lt, lateral trough; mfp, medial flat facet of promontorium; mpr, mastoid pneumatic rescess; nfa, nutritive foramina; p, promontorium; pf, perilymphatic foramen; pff, primary facial foramen;?poc, potential remnant of prootic canal; ppr, paroccipital pneumatic recess; ptcsf, posterior transcochlear sinus foramen;?ptf, potential pterygoparoccipital foramen; sf, saccular foramen; sff, secondary facial foramen; sirsa, sulcus for inferior ramus of stapedial artery; slhv, sulcus for lateral head vein; smf, stapedius muscle fossa; spd, sulcus for perilymphatic duct; tc, transverse crest; vf atcs, vascular foramen for venous vessel connecting to anterior transcochlear sinus.
Figure 7 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 7. The?haramiyidan petrosal PIN 5087/70 (left side) from Berezovsk Quarry (Western Siberia, Russia). Virtual 3D model in: A, ventral view; B, dorsal view; C–E, µCT images illustrating the perforated bony bar inside the cochlear nerve foramen. Anterior to the top. Scale bars in µCT images equal 1 mm. See also Supporting Information, available from digital data repository Dryad (https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.t1g1jwt2d). Abbreviations: cca, cochlear canal; cnc, cochlear nerve canal; cnf, cochlear nerve foramina; fcn, foramen for the cochlear nerve; fv, fenestra vestibuli; fvn, foramen for the vestibular nerve; hF, hiatus Fallopii; irsaf, inferior ramus of stapedial artery foramen; lf, lateral flange; mfp, medial flat facet of promontorium; pff, primary facial foramen; poc, prootic canal; sf, saccular foramen; sff, secondary facial foramen; vf atcs, vascular foramen for venous vessel connecting to anterior transcochlear sinus.
Mammaliaform extinctions as a driver of the morphological radiation of Cenozoic mammals
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Fig. 1 in Reexamination of the mandibular and dental morphology of the Early Jurassic mammaliaform Hadrocodium wui
Fig. 1. Lower jaws of comparative mammaliaforms. A. Hadrocodium wui Luo, Crompton, and Sun, 2001 (holotype, IVPP 8275), from the Lower Lufeng Formation, Lower Jurassic of Yunnan, China. Right mandible in lingual (A1) and labial (A2) views. B, C. Morganucodontan Dinnetherium nezorum Jenkins, Crompton, and Downs, 1983, from the Kayenta Formation, Lower Jurassic of Arizona, USA. B. An older adult (MCZ 20910). C. A young adult (MCZ 20870); modified from Crompton and Luo 1993). Younger individuals of D. nezorum have a full set of five premolars, while older individuals have lost up to two anterior premolars without replacement. The postcanine diastema developed by shedding premolars without replacement is an aging-related character of many mammaliaforms including Hadrocodium.
Figure 6 in The ossified Meckel's cartilage and internal groove in Mesozoic mammaliaforms: implications to origin of the definitive mammalian middle ear
Figure 6. Phylogenetic relationships and distributions of main mammaliaform groups. Search options include: all characters unordered, equally weighted, accelerated transformation, multistate as uncertainty, rooting at tritylodontids, and monophyletic in-group. Numbers at each node represent assigned branch length, bootstrapping value, and Bremer supporting index. Bootstrapping value is obtained by 1000 replications of heuristic searches. Grey dots represent occurrences of genera (McKenna & Bell, 1997) used in the phylogenetic analyses. Grey bars are distributions of higher taxa (McKenna & Bell, 1997) represented by the genera. Character list, sources of data and detailed tree descriptions can be found in Wang et al. (2001).
Figure 2 in The ossified Meckel's cartilage and internal groove in Mesozoic mammaliaforms: implications to origin of the definitive mammalian middle ear
Figure 2. Skulls of Repenomamus. (A) Ventral view of IVPP V12549 (holotype), showing relationship of the ossified Meckel's cartilage (indicated by arrow) with the dentary and the ear region. (B) Ventromedial view of IVPP V12728, showing the displaced OMC (indicated by arrow). Modified from Wang et al. (2001).
Figure 3 in The ossified Meckel's cartilage and internal groove in Mesozoic mammaliaforms: implications to origin of the definitive mammalian middle ear
Figure 3. Stereophotos of the basicranial region of Repenomamus (holotype, IVPP V12549). Modified from Wang et al. (2001).
Figure 6 in Jurassic mammaliaform petrosals from Western Siberia (Russia) and implications for early mammalian inner-ear anatomy
Figure 6. Virtual horizontal cut through the three?haramiyidan promontoria, specimens PIN 5087/37 (A), PIN 5087/69 (B), and PIN 5087/70 (C). Remnants of a bony bar on the medial side of the cochlear nerve foramen are visible in each specimen inside the cochlear canal (indicated by black arrow heads). White rectangle in B depicts area seen close up in D, light source was virtually adjusted in D to make the sulci visible. E, reconstruction of the perforated bony bar with single cochlear nerve fibres (yellow) piercing through; number of holes random and only for illustration purpose. Anterior to the top, not to scale.
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