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FIGURE 7 in A new species of Colostethus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) with maternal care from Kaieteur National Park, Guyana
FIGURE 7. Dorsolateral view of the tadpole of Colostethus kaiei, new species, in life (IRSNB 13767, stage 25, 10.5 mm TL). Photograph by P. J. R. Kok.
Figs. 6–13 in First Report Of Immatures, Genitalia And Maternal Care In Eugenysa Columbiana (Boheman) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cassidinae: Eugenysini)
Figs. 6–13. Larva of E. columbiana, 5th instar. 6) Ventral view, scale bar = 1 mm; 7) Dorsal view, scale bar = 1 mm; 8) Labrum, ventral view, scale bar = 0.25 mm; 9) Mandible, dorsal view, scale bar = 0.25 mm; 10) Maxilla and labium, ventral view (half shown), scale bar = 0.25 mm; 11) Proleg, laterosternal view, scale bar = 0.5 mm; 12) First abdominal scoli, dorsal view, scale bar = 0.5mm; 13) Caudal furca, posterior view, scale bar = 0.5 mm.
Figs. 1–3 in Maternal Care by a Species of Pselaphacus Percheron (Coleoptera: Erotylidae: Erotylinae) from Peru
Figs. 1–3. Maternal guarding in Pselaphacus nr. curvipes from Amazonian Peru. 1) Two clutches with females; 2) Undisturbed brood feeding on fungal growth; 3) Disturbed broods aggregate, and larva that has been removed from group returns to the group.
Fig. 6 in Macroecology and Potential Drivers of Diversity in Webspinner Maternal Care (Order Embioptera)
Fig. 6. Scatterplot between predation threat (AET) and coarse parental care behavior. Here, parental care behavior is generalized as being 'high′ or 'low′ (1 or 0, respectively), based on whether species′ MCA-1 scores were higher or less than 0. Darker (red) circles and lines show parental care scores and phylogenetic logistic regression models estimated using all 29 species, while lighter gray circles and lines show parental care scores and phylogenetic logistic regression models estimated using only species sampled in their native range (n = 26). Thick, solid lines show the mean phylogenetic logistic regression model (95% confidence bands were calculated but not visible).Thin lines show each of the 1,000 phylogenetic logistic regression models for both data subsets. Circles are shifted vertically by small stochastic value to improve visibility of individual circles.
Fig. 4 in Macroecology and Potential Drivers of Diversity in Webspinner Maternal Care (Order Embioptera)
Fig. 4. Phylogeny of 29 Embioptera species and dotted lines delineating where specimens were sampled. Circles indicate species sampled in their native ranges, while triangles indicate species sampled outside of their native ranges. Brightness of circles and triangles indicate AET values, which are shown in the scale (lower left on the map).
Fig. 2 in Macroecology and Potential Drivers of Diversity in Webspinner Maternal Care (Order Embioptera)
Fig. 2. Photographs of egg handling configuration for Embioptera analyzed in this study (not to scale). (A) Anisembia texana (Melander 1902) (Anisembiidae) partially coated eggs suspended in silk, (B) Antipaluria urichi (Saussure 1896) (Clothodidae) with egg mass covering pulled aside (left) and eggs with covering removed to show cement coating and neat alignment (right), (C) Aposthonia borneensis (Hagen 1885) (Oligotomidae) close-up showing individual cement coating, alignment and silk covering, (D) Archembia n. sp. (Archembiidae) with the otherwise complex egg mass covering removed to show neat alignment, (E) Clothoda longicauda Ross 1987 (Clothodidae) with thick covering removed to reveal tight alignment and complex coatings of individual eggs; remnants of the egg mass covering at right of image, (F) Conicercembia septontrionalis (Mariño & Marquez 1988) (Scelembiidae) eggs, visible as white ovoids, scattered within lichen bits embedded in silk, (G) Diradius nigrinia (Ross 1944) (Teratembiidae) eggs individually coated but not aligned in neat rows, (H) Embia nuragica Stefani 1953 (Embiidae) with clean eggs stitched into silk, (I) Eosembia apterosa Poolprasert & Edgerly 2011 (Oligotomidae) egg mass neatly organized and coated, guarded by the female in this field photograph, (J) E. auripecta Ross 2007 egg mass underneath female; her eggs are coated individually, neatly organized and cemented to the substrate, (K) Haploembia solieri (Rambur 1842) (Oligotomidae) eggs are not organized but are neatly coated individually with gathered materials and covered with thin silk, (L) Metoligotoma brevispina Davis 1938 (Australembiidae) eggs minimally covered and gathered into a loose clump, guarded by the female in this image, (M) M. bidens Davis 1938 eggs are loosely clustered in silk but not arranged or affixed, (N) M. incompta (Ross 1963) eggs individually coated and organized into rows; an extra covering was pulled back to allow the photograph,(O) M. pentanesiana Davis 1938 eggs are partially covered and stuck into the substrate but not arranged into rows, (P) Neorhagadochir moreliensis (Ross 1984) (Scelembiidae) eggs are scattered with no coating or organization; coloration due to microscope lighting is not natural; eggs are naturally creamy white, (Q) Notoligotoma hardyi Friederichs 1932 (Notoligotomidae) eggs are stitched into the gallery silk but are not organized; gathered materials are loosely placed around the eggs, (R) Oligembia hubbardi (Hagen 1885) (Teratembiidae) eggs (at arrows) are scattered and hidden by protective materials, (S) Oligotoma saundersii (Westwood 1837) (Oligotomidae) eggs, clustered together with gathered materials, are covered with thin silk, (T) O. nigra (Hagen 1866) egg mass closely resembles congener (O. saundersii) with eggs placed together and loosely covered, (U) Pararhagadochir trinitatis (Saussure 1896) (Scelembiidae) egg mass with top covering intact (left) and removed (right) to show eggs thickly coated and arranged in neat rows, (V) Parthenembia reclusa Ross 1960 (Embiidae) with clustered eggs but no coatings or coverings, (W) Ptilocerembia catherinae Poolprasert & Edgerly 2014 (Ptilocerembiidae) with complex egg mass covering of lichen bits embedded in the silk above the eggs (left); eggs are organized, stuck, and covered by loosely gathered materials (right), (X) Rhagadochir virgo (Ross 1960) (Scelembiidae) eggs placed in small groups into the silk domicile and covered with gathered bits of lichen and macerated materials, (Y) Saussurembia calypso Edgerly, Szumik, McCreedy 2007 (Anisembiidae) eggs scattered into the silk gallery, (Z) Saussurembia davisi Ross 1992 eggs with thick egg mass covering (left) and with covering removed to reveal loose, clean eggs with gathered materials tucked here and there around the eggs. All photographs by J.S. Edgerly.Additional photographs not shown and used for analysis are as follows: from Ross (2000) Dinembia sp. (Embiidae) (Fig. 18), Enveja sp. (Embiidae) (Fig. 29B), and Gibocercus sp. (Scelembiidae) (Fig. 42A), and Eosembia paradorni (Fig. 3 of Poolprasert et al. (2011).
Fig. 1 in Macroecology and Potential Drivers of Diversity in Webspinner Maternal Care (Order Embioptera)
Fig. 1. Photographs of characters scored for a selection of species. (A) Individual egg treatment ranging from clean to covered with cement. (B) Egg arranged from scattered to highly organized. (C) Silk added thinly to very thick over the eggs. (D) Eggs loosely placed on or affixed to the substrate. (E) Egg mass bare or covered and hidden by collected materials.
Fig. 5 in Macroecology and Potential Drivers of Diversity in Webspinner Maternal Care (Order Embioptera)
Fig. 5. Scatterplot between predation threat (AET) and parental care behavior measured as the score of MCA-1. Darker (red) circles and lines show parental care scores and pGLS slopes that were estimated using all 29 species, while lighter gray circles and lines show parental care scores and pGLS slopes that were estimated using only species sampled in their native range (n = 26).Thick, solid lines show the mean slope, and intercepts of all models, while dotted lines show upper and lower extents of the 95% confidence band.Thin lines show each of the 1,000 pGLS models for both data subsets.
Fig. 3 in Macroecology and Potential Drivers of Diversity in Webspinner Maternal Care (Order Embioptera)
Fig. 3. Phylogeny and heatmap showing each species′ egg handling score. Species shown with † are species that were added stochastically usingTACT. Species shown with * are species sampled outside of their native range.
Effects of cadmium ingestion on reproduction and maternal egg care in the European earwig
<p>Dataset used in the study focusing on the effects of cadmium ingestion on reproduction and maternal egg care in the European earwig</p>
Heat waves during egg development alter maternal care and offspring quality in the European earwig
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Figure 2 in Reproductive features of three maternal-caring species of Leptodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with a report on alloparental care in frogs
Figure 2. Developmental stage (Gosner) reached by tadpoles (shoals) of Leptodactylus aff. latrans in environments with and without teleost fish (putative predators), according to the presence or absence of maternal care. Numbers above boxes represent sample sizes (shoals). A significant difference is found when females are absent.
Figure 1 in Reproductive features of three maternal-caring species of Leptodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) with a report on alloparental care in frogs
Figure 1. Induced channel-digging behaviour in females of two Leptodactylus species. The shoals were experimentally isolated from the main water body by earth barriers. (A) A female Leptodactylus aff. leptodactyloides is digging a channel by removing earth with her snout and limbs while the tadpoles wait to break free; (B) the tadpoles of Leptodactylus podicipinus escaping through the dug channel (the mother is indicated by the arrow). Specimens from Araguari and Monte Alegre de Minas (MG), respectively.
Figure 1 in Mating behaviour and maternal care in the tropical savanna funnel-web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Figure 1. Experimental set-up to evaluate the role of chemical cues on female webs. (A) General view of arena, the arrow shows the diameter of tube entrance; (B) test comparing the attraction of virgin or mated female webs to males; (C) comparison between old and recent webs used by females.
Figure 2 in Mating behaviour and maternal care in the tropical savanna funnel-web spider Aglaoctenus lagotis Holmberg (Araneae: Lycosidae)
Figure 2. Schematic drawings of the male behavioural repertoire of Aglaoctenus lagotis (Araneae: Lycosidae). The sequence (courtship to mating) presents three stages: I – courtship; II – pre-mating; III – mating. Courtship shows five other possible stages: (A) vibration of palps and first legs; (B) vibration of palps and first legs under the web; (C) vibration of palps and first legs alternating with leg rubbing; (D) vibration of palps; (E) moving straight to female's position, tapping the palps on the web.
Micro-CT data from: Maternal care in mid-Cretaceous lagonomegopid spiders
<p>This dataset contains the raw Micro-CT data and a 3D CT reconstruction of a piece of Burmese amber CNU009432 from "Guo, X., Selden, P. and Ren, D. (2021) Maternal care in mid-Cretaceous lagonomegopid spiders. Proc. R. Soc. B.". These data shows the maternal care behaviour of an adult female lagonomegopid spider guarding her egg sac. </p> <p>Maternal care benefits the survival and fitness of offspring often at a cost to the mother's future reproduction and has evolved repeatedly throughout the animal kingdom. In extant spider species, this behaviour is very common and has different levels and diverse forms. However, evidence of maternal care in fossil spiders is quite rare. In this study,we describe four Mid-Cretaceous (approx. 99 Ma) amber specimens from northern Myanmar with an adult female, part of an egg sac and some spiderlings of the extinct family Lagonomegopidae preserved, which suggest that adult lagonomegopid females probably built and then guarded egg sacs in their retreats or nests, and the hatched spiderlings may have stayed together with their mother for some time. The newfossils represent early evidence of maternal care in fossil spiders, and enhance our understanding of the evolution of this behaviour.</p>
FIGURE 3. Male genitalia. A–C in Two new species of Phareicranaus Roewer, 1913 (Opiliones: Laniatores: Cranaidae), with notes on gregarious behavior and maternal care in Phareicranaus manauara
FIGURE 3. Male genitalia. A–C, Phareicranaus rohei sp. nov.: A, dorsal view. B, lateral view. C, ventral view. Phareicranaus tizana sp. nov.: D, dorsal view. E, lateral view. F, ventral view. Scale bar: 0.1 mm.
FIGURE 4. A in Two new species of Phareicranaus Roewer, 1913 (Opiliones: Laniatores: Cranaidae), with notes on gregarious behavior and maternal care in Phareicranaus manauara
FIGURE 4. A, live male of Phareicranaus tizana sp. nov., photo by P. A. Colmenares. B, nymphs of Phareicranaus manauara aggregating in the tree trunk of site two at Reserva Ducke in Manaus, Amazonas state in Brazil, photo by G. Giribet.
FIGURE 1 in Two new species of Phareicranaus Roewer, 1913 (Opiliones: Laniatores: Cranaidae), with notes on gregarious behavior and maternal care in Phareicranaus manauara
FIGURE 1. Male holotype of Phareicranaus rohei sp. nov., male holotype. A, habitus, lateral view. B, habitus, dorsal view. C, pedipalp, ventral view. D, femur IV, dorsal view. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 5 in Two new species of Phareicranaus Roewer, 1913 (Opiliones: Laniatores: Cranaidae), with notes on gregarious behavior and maternal care in Phareicranaus manauara
FIGURE 5. Aggregation in Phareicranaus manauara in site one at Reserva Ducke, in Manaus, Amazonas state in Brazil: A, three individuals aggregating. B, a couple, with the male in an extended resting position, photos by G. Giribet.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
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OpenNeuro
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