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Fig. 2 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 2. Schematic drawing of general dorsal shell wall types (A1, B1, transversal section, centrifugal; A2, B2, median section, growth direction left, centrifugal). A. Reduced dorsal shell wall. The lateral shell wall wedges out at the contact with the preceding whorl. The dorsal wall is omitted at the aperture. B. Complete dorsal shell wall. The ventral, lateral, and dorsal shell walls form a continuum. The dorsal wall is present at the aperture. Colouring: black, ventral/lateral wall of the succeeding whorl; dark grey, dorsal wall of the succeeding whorl; light grey, septum of the succeeding whorl; white, ventral wall of the preceding whorl.
Fig. 3 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 3. Schematic construction of the dorsal shell wall (A, D, E, median section, growth direction right, centrifugal; B, C, F, G, transversal section, centrifugal). A, B. Complete dorsal shell wall. D, G. Seemingly complete dorsal shell wall. C. Complete dorsal shell wall of Amaltheidae. E, F. Reinforced complete dorsal shell wall. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dipl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl, dorsal nacreous layer; dncl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal nacreous layer; dopl, dorsal outer prismatic layer; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ipl 1/2, primary/secondary inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; ncl 1/2, primary/secondary nacreous layer; opl, outer prismatic layer; so, spiral ornament; vsw, ventral shell wall of the preceding whorl; wl, wrinkle layer.
Fig. 1 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 1. Schematic construction of the ventral and dorsal shell wall (A, B, D, E, median section, growth direction right, centrifugal; C, F, G, transversal section, centrifugal). A. Simple ventral shell wall. B. Ventral shell wall with a doubling. C, E, G. Nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall. D, F. Prismatic reduced dorsal shell wall. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dipl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl, dorsal nacreous layer; dncl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal nacreous layer; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ipl 1/2, primary/secondary inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; ncl 1/2, primary/secondary nacreous layer; opl, outer prismatic layer; per, periostracum; vsw, ventral shell wall of the preceding whorl; wl, wrinkle layer.
Calcite U-Pb geochronology and paleomagnetism reveal Mesozoic multi-episodic remagnetizations from the Penglaitan GSSP section, South China
<p>The Supplementary S1 includes: Supplemental Figure S1-4 and Tables S1.</p> <p>The Supplementary S2 is the raw data of in-situ calcite U-Pb dating.</p>
Figure 1 in A revision of the extinct Mesozoic family Prochydoridae Smirnov, 1992 (Crustacea: Cladocera) with a discussion of its phylogenetic position
Figure 1. Drawings of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae based on SEM photographs. A, Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. B, antenna II of holotype, PIN 4307/2040. C, specimen PIN 4307/2031 from Khotont, antenna II. D, Archeoxus mirabilis from Khotont, reconstruction based on a series of specimens. E, antenna II of specimen PIN 4307/2018. F, 'Archeoxus' vetrosus from Khotont, antenna II of holotype PIN 4307/2027. G, Palaeorak scherbakovi gen. nov., sp. nov. from Khasurty, holotype 5026/178. H, reconstruction of general view based on series of specimens. I, postabdominal claw, 5026/177. J, antenna II, 5026/179. Scale bars: 1 mm.
Figure 3 in A revision of the extinct Mesozoic family Prochydoridae Smirnov, 1992 (Crustacea: Cladocera) with a discussion of its phylogenetic position
Figure 3. SEM micrographs of Upper Mesozoic Prochydoridae from Khotont. A, B, Prochydorus rotundus, PIN 4307/ 2013, general view and head. C, PIN 4307/2041, antenna II and mandible. D–F, specimen PIN 4307/2031, general view, anterior body portion and antenna II. G, H, Archeoxus ventrosus, holotype PIN 4307/2027, general view and antenna II. Scale bars: A, C–E, G, 1 mm; B, F, H, 0.1 mm.
Figure 2 in A revision of the extinct Mesozoic family Prochydoridae Smirnov, 1992 (Crustacea: Cladocera) with a discussion of its phylogenetic position
Figure 2. SEM micrographs of Prochydorus rotundus from Khotont, Mongolia. A–D, holotype PIN 4307/2024, general view, postabdominal claws, antenna II and apical segment of its exopod. E, holotype PIN 4307/2040 (counter-impression). F, G, paratype PIN 4307/2019, general view and mandibles. H, paratype PIN 4307/2020. Scale bars: A, F, H, 1 mm; B–E, G, 0.1 mm.
Plate V. Figure 1 in Notes on Mesozoic vertebrate fossils
Plate V. Figure 1.—Left hind leg of Laosaurus altus, Marsh; outside view. One-eighth natural size. Figure 2.—Left hiud leg of Camptosaurus dispar, Marsh; outside view. One- twelfth natural size. Figure 3.—Pelvis of the same individual; seen from the left. One-twelfth natural size. Letters as in the precediug plates.
Plate III. Figure 1 in Notes on Mesozoic vertebrate fossils
Plate III. Figure 1.—Sternal bone of Claosaurus annectens. One-eighth natural size. a, seen from above; b, seen from below. Figure 2.—Left coracoid of Cimolopteryx rarus, Marsh. Natural size, a, front view; b, inuer view; c, back view; cl, lower eud. Figure 3.—Tooth of Palaeoscincus latus, Marsh, a, natural size; b, c, d, twice natural size. Figure 4.—Tooth of Aublysodon mirandus, Leidy. Natural size, a, front view, with sections; b, side view. (After Leidy.) Figure 5.—Tooth of Aublysodon amplus, Marsh. Natural size, a, side view; b, back view; c, front view. Figure 6.—Tooth of Aublysodon cristatus, Marsh. Twice natural size, a, side view; b, back view; c, front view.
Plate IV. Figure 1 in Notes on Mesozoic vertebrate fossils
Plate IV. Figure 1.—Tooth of Stegosaurus ungulatus, Marsh, a, natural size; b, c, d, twice natural size. Figure 2.—Left fore leg of the same species. Figure 3.—Left hiud leg of the same species. Figures 2 and 3 are one-sixteenth natural size. Letters as in Plate II.
Fig. 20 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 20. Construction of the complete dorsal shell wall of Amaltheidae (A, lateral view, growth direction to the bottom; B, C, transversal section, centrifugal). A. Amaltheus cf. margaritatus de Monfort, 1808, BSPG MAn-100, late Pliensbachian, Jurassic, Eype Mouth, Dorset, England; a spiral ornament covers the overlap area of two whorls; the succeeding whorl was removed. The coated venter of the preceding whorl shows the typical pattern of several spiral lines. B. Amaltheus margaritatus de Monfort, 1808, BSPG MAn-4798, late Pliensbachian, Jurassic, Buttenheim, Bavaria, SE Germany; B1, the dorsal shell wall consists of an outer spiral ornament and inner bunches of prismatic sub-layers that correspond to the dorsal nacreous layer and the dorsal inner prismatic layer; B2, the dorsal nacreous layer transforms into prismatic layers; B3, close-up of B2. C. Pleuroceras salebrosum Hyatt, 1867, BSPG MAn-4804, late Pliensbachian, Jurassic, Buttenheim, Bavaria, SE Germany; the dorsal shell wall forms a spiral ornament. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl, dorsal nacreous layer; if, infilling; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; s, septum; so, spiral ornament.
Fig. 15 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 15. Construction of the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall (A, median section, growth direction to the left, centrifugal; B, C, transversal section, centrifugal). A. Kepplerites galilaeii (Oppel, 1862), BSPG MAn-4783, early Callovian, Jurassic, Znamenka on Unzha River, Russia; a thickening of the secondary dorsal nacreous layer compensates the rib relief; the layer thickens in the rib concavitie, but thins at the rib crest (compare Fig. 12B). B. Kosmoceras (Kosmoceras) cf. duncani (Sowerby, 1816), BSPG MAn-4788, late Callovian, Jurassic, Dubki near Saratov, Russia; B1, the spines (vsw) are overgrown by a thick dorsal shell wall (dsw) which forms nacreous portions; B2, close-up of B1; at the left flank of the spine a nacreous portion occurs in the dorsal shell wall. C. Speetoniceras versicolor (Trautschold, 1865), BSPG MAo-1861, early Aptian, Cretaceous, Simbirsk, Ulyanovsk, Volga Basin region, Russia; the dorsal inner prismatic layer develops inclusions of nacre. Abbreviations: dipl 1/2, primary/ secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl 2, secondary dorsal nacreous layer; dsw, dorsal shell wall; if, infilling; s, septum; vsw, ventral shell wall.
Fig. 12 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 12. Construction of the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall (A, D3, transversal section, centrifugal, B, C, D1, D2, median section, growth direction → to the left, centrifugal). A. Perisphinctes (Kranaosphinctes) mahabokensis (Collignon, 1959), BSPG MAn-4835, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; A1, the dorsal shell wall consists of a primary dorsal inner prismatic layer, a secondary dorsal nacreous layer and a secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; A2, the secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; A3, the primary dorsal inner prismatic layer. B. Kepplerites galilaeii Oppel, 1862), BSPG MAn-4783, early Callovian, Jurassic, Znamenka on Unzha River, Russia; same as in A1. C. Mirosphinctes sp. 1, BSPG MAn-1769, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; the dorsal shell wall consists of a secondary dorsal nacreous layer and a secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer. D. Aspidoceras sp., BSPG MAn-4507, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; D1, D2, the same as in A1; D3, at the umbilical seam multiple new shell layers are formed; the inner layers of the (dorsal) nacreous layer (dncl 1–3) and of the dorsal) inner prismatic layer (dipl 1–4) wedge out towards the spiral plane; the inner layers form the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall. Abbreviations: dipl 1/2/3/4, primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl 1/2/3/4, primary/secondary/tertiary/quaternary dorsal nacreous layer; dspl, dorsal septal prismatic layer; if, infilling; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ipl 1/2, primary/secondary inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; ncl /2, primary/secondary nacreous layer; opl, outer prismatic layer; s, septum.
Fig. 13 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 13. Construction of a secondary complete dorsal shell wall and the nacreous reduced dorsal shell wall (A, median section, growth direction to the left, cen- → trifugal; B, C, transversal section, centrifugal). A. Cleoniceras (Grycia) besairiei Collignon, 1949, BSPG PA-33582, early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar; in reaction to a forma aegra aptycha of Keupp (1977), the dorsal shell wall is secondarily complete; it consists of an outer wrinkle layer, a dorsal nacreous layer and a dorsal inner prismatic layer. B, C. Eupachydiscus sp., Campanian, Cretaceous, Teshio-Nakagawa area, Hokkaido, Japan. B. BSPG MAo-1832, the primary dorsal inner prismatic layer consists of two sub-layers. C. BSPG MAo-1834; C1, the dorsal shell wall consists of a primary dorsal inner prismatic layer, a secondary dorsal nacreous layer and a secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; the primary and the secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer develop sub-layers; the primary dorsal inner prismatic layer shows a relief (i.e., "Ritzknoten"); C2, C3, umbilical-lateral, the primary inner prismatic layer forms cone-like elevations, i.e., "Ritzknoten"; C4, C5, the "Ritzknoten" reach up to the umbilical seam and the dorsum. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dipl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dncl, dorsal nacreous layer; dncl 2, secondary dorsal nacreous layer; if, infilling; ncl, nacreous layer; wl, wrinkle layer.
Fig. 4 in The dorsal shell wall structure of Mesozoic ammonoids
Fig. 4. Construction of the prismatic reduced dorsal shell wall (A–E, G, median section, growth direction to the left, centrifugal; F, transversal section, cen- → trifugal). A. Phylloceras (Euphylloceras) sp., BSPG MAo-1769, early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar; A1, the dorsal shell wall consists of an outer wrinkle layer and a dorsal inner prismatic layer; A2, A3, organic wrinkles. B. Ptychophylloceras sp., BSPG MAn-4516, late Oxfordian, Jurassic, Sakaraha, Morondava Basin, SW Madagascar; B1, the dorsal shell wall consists of an outer wrinkle layer and a dorsal inner prismatic layer; B2, organic wrinkle. C–E, G. Desmoceras (Desmoceras) latidorsatum (Michelin, 1838), early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar. C. BSPG MAo-1783; C1, the dorsal shell wall forms a wrinkle layer-complex; C2, the wrinkle layer is enriched with organic material. D. BSPG MAo-1839, organic wrinkle. E. BSPG MAo-1788, the relief of an injury of the preceding whorl (i.e., forma aegra substructa of Hölder (1973) is overgrown by the outer wrinkle layer and compensated by the dorsal inner prismatic layer. G. BSPG MAo-1782, the wrinkle layer of the dorsal shell wall becomes prismatic. F. Neosilesites ambatolafrensis Collignon, 1963, BSPG MAo-1780, early Albian, Cretaceous, Ambatolafia, Mahajanga Basin, NW Madagascar; F1, at the umbilical seam, the outer prismatic layer and the nacreous layer of the attaching whorl wedge out; only the inner prismatic layer continues towards the spiral plane; the wrinkle layer wedges out towards the umbilical seam; F2, organic wrinkle. Abbreviations: dipl, dorsal inner prismatic layer; dipl 1/2, primary/secondary dorsal inner prismatic layer; dspl, dorsal septal prismatic layer; ipl, inner prismatic layer; ipl 1/2, primary/secondary inner prismatic layer; ncl, nacreous layer; ncl 1/2, primary/secondary nacreous layer; opl, outer prismatic layer; s, septum; spl, septal prismatic layer; wl, wrinkle layer.
Fig. 2 in A new transitional "libelluloid" family of odonates with Mesozoic affinities in the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah, USA
Fig. 2. Anisopteran dragonfly Cordulibellula inopinata gen. et sp. nov. from Lake Uinta, Utah, USA, Eocene, holotype FHPR 11611, reconstruction of wing base (A1), detail of wing apex (A2). Abbreviations: a.l., anal loop; N, nodus; Pt, pterostigma; t, discoidal triangle.
Fig. 1 in A new transitional "libelluloid" family of odonates with Mesozoic affinities in the Eocene Green River Formation of Utah, USA
Fig. 1. Anisopteran dragonfly Cordulibellula inopinata gen. et sp. nov. from Lake Uinta, Utah, USA, Eocene, holotype FHPR 11611, part (A1), counterpart (A2), detail of wing base (A3). Abbreviations: a.l., anal loop; N, nodus; t, discoidal triangle.
Fig. 4 in Paleocene of Menat Formation, France, reveals an extraordinary diversity of orthopterans and the last known survivor of a Mesozoic Elcanidae
Fig. 4. Habitus of Caelifera from Paleocene of Menat, France. A. Orthacanthacris incertus Piton, 1940, holotype MNHN.F.R07017. B. Ochrilidia lineata Piton, 1940, holotype, MNHN.F.R07043.
Fig. 7 in Paleocene of Menat Formation, France, reveals an extraordinary diversity of orthopterans and the last known survivor of a Mesozoic Elcanidae
Fig. 7. Tegmina of chorotypid orthopteran Paleochina spp. from Paleocene of Menat, France. A. Paleochina duvergeri gen. et sp. nov., holotype, MNT NEL 3267; A1, left wing; A2, right wing (reversed view). B. Paleochina minuta sp. nov., holotype, MNT NEL 1928. C. Paleochina minuta sp. nov., paratype, MNT BDL 1043. Scale bars 5 mm. Abbreviations: C, costa; CuA/P, cubitus anterior/posterior; CuPaα, most anterior branch of CuP; CuPaβ, median branch of CuP; CuPb, posterior branch of CuP; M, median vein; RA/P, radius anterior/posterior; ScA/P, subcostal anterior/posterior.
Fig. 6 in Paleocene of Menat Formation, France, reveals an extraordinary diversity of orthopterans and the last known survivor of a Mesozoic Elcanidae
Fig. 6. Wings and hind legs of chorotypid orthopteran Paleochina duvergeri gen. et sp. nov., holotype, MNT NEL 3267 from Paleocene of Menat, France.
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