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294 results for “Metabolic rate”
Metabolic rates of Armases cinereum
<p><span>Metabolic rate is a basic individual metric that extends beyond the individual to link the ecology of populations, communities and ecosystems via its role as a central component of energy budgets. Metabolic rates are often measured indirectly by quantifying respiration under simplified, standard laboratory conditions. This approach limits the application of these measurements to a small range of conditions that commonly do not reflect natural field conditions. We measured metabolic rates of the squareback marsh crab Armases cinereum under field conditions. Previous work highlights that movement of individual A. cinereum, especially females, provides a potential spatial subsidy of energy, as individuals consume energy in salt marshes and then transfer that energy to upland forest ecosystems. We show that metabolic rate increases with size for both males and females and that metabolic rates are influenced by temperature and by whether females are vitellogenic. The metabolic rates that we measured more closely approximate field metabolic rates than standard metabolic rates, and demonstrate that individual crabs experience high energy expenditures, reducing the amount of energy that may be transferred as a subsidy between marsh and forest as a result of the daily movements of individual crabs. Our measurements are therefore also a key component for the construction of an energy budget for this species.</span></p>
Climate-related adaptation of metabolic rate across the distribution of a broadly tolerant invasive forest pest
<p>Metabolic rate is a widely-studied physiological species trait related to energetics, climate, and geographic distributions. Hypotheses have been proposed to explain variation in metabolic rate, but evidence has been mixed due to the limited sampling scope of intraspecific studies. Successful biological invasions offer a unique opportunity to examine the development of intraspecific physiological variation and how it relates to climate, invasive spread, and species range limits. Here we conducted a macro-scale study of routine metabolic rate variation across the Spongy moth (<em>Lymantria dispar</em>) invasive range in North America. We found a positive latitudinal cline with population-specific metabolic rates increasing from the southern range to the north that was significantly related to climate. Our comprehensive macrophysiological analyses provide further evidence that local adaptation of physiological and life history traits to climate has played a significant role in the spread of <em>L. dipsar</em> across the landscape in the past 150 years.</p>
Wolbachia-infected pharaoh ant colonies have higher egg production, metabolic rate, and worker survival
<p><span><em>Wolbachia</em> is a widespread endosymbiotic bacteria with diverse phenotypic effects on its insect hosts, ranging from parasitic to mutualistic. <em>Wolbachia</em> also commonly infects social insects, where it faces unique challenges associated with its hosts' caste-based reproductive division of labor and colony living. Here we dissect the benefits and costs of <em>Wolbachia</em> infection on life-history traits of the invasive pharaoh ant, <em>Monomorium</em> <em>pharaonis</em>. Pharaoh ants are relatively short-lived and show natural variation in <em>Wolbachia</em> infection between colonies, thereby making them an ideal model system for this study. We quantified effects on the lifespan of queen and worker castes, the egg-laying rate of queens across queen lifespan, and the metabolic rates of whole colonies and colony members. Newly-infected queens laid more eggs than uninfected queens but had similar metabolic rates and lifespans. Surprisingly, infected workers outlived uninfected workers. At the colony level, infected colonies were more productive due to increased queen egg-laying rates and worker longevity, and infected colonies had higher metabolic rates during peak colony productivity. While some effects of infection, such as elevated colony-level metabolic rates may be detrimental in more stressful natural conditions, we did not find any costs of infection under relatively benign laboratory conditions. Overall, our study emphasizes the beneficial effects of <em>Wolbachia</em> on colony-level growth and metabolism in this species.</span></p>
Data for: Evidence for a maintenance cost for birds maintaining highly flexible basal, but not summit, metabolic rates
<p>Reversible phenotypic flexibility allows organisms to better match phenotypes to prevailing environmental conditions and may produce fitness benefits. Costs and constraints of phenotypic flexibility may limit the capacity for flexible responses but are not well understood or documented. Costs could include expenses associated with maintaining the flexible system or with generating the flexible response. One potential cost of maintaining a flexible system is an energetic cost reflected in the basal metabolic rate (BMR), with elevated BMR in individuals with more flexible metabolic responses. We accessed data from thermal acclimation studies of birds where BMR and/or M<sub>sum</sub> (maximum cold-induced metabolic rate) were measured before and after acclimation, as a measure of metabolic flexibility, to test the hypothesis that flexibility in BMR (ΔBMR), M<sub>sum</sub> (ΔM<sub>sum</sub>), or metabolic scope (M<sub>sum</sub> – BMR; ΔScope) is positively correlated with BMR. When temperature treatments lasted at least three weeks, three of six species showed significant positive correlations between ΔBMR and BMR, one species showed a significant negative correlation, and two species showed no significant correlation. ΔM<sub>sum</sub> and BMR were not significantly correlated for any species and ΔScope and BMR were significantly positively correlated for only one species. These data suggest that support costs exist for maintaining high BMR flexibility for some bird species, but high flexibility in M<sub>sum</sub> or metabolic scope does not generally incur elevated maintenance costs. </p>
Squamate metabolic rates decrease in winter beyond the effect of temperature
<ol> <li><span>The reptilian form of hibernation (brumation) is much less studied than its mammalian and insect equivalents. Hibernation and brumation share some basic features but may differ in others. Evidence for hypometabolism in brumating reptiles beyond the effect of temperature is sporadic and often ignored. </span></li> <li><span>We calculated the standard metabolic rates (SMR, oxygen uptake during inactivity), in winter and/or summer, of 156 individuals representing 59 species of Israeli squamates across all 17 local families. For 32 species, we measured the same individuals during both seasons. We measured gas exchange continuously in a dark metabolic chamber, under the average January high and low temperatures (20°C and 12°C), during daytime and nighttime. We examined how SMR changes with season, biome, body size, temperature, and time of day, using phylogenetic mixed models. </span></li> <li> <span>Metabolic rates increased at sunrise in the diurnal species, despite no light or other external cues, while in nocturnal species the metabolic rates did not increase. Cathemeral species shifted from a diurnal-like diel pattern in winter to a nocturnal-like pattern in summer. Regardless of season, Mediterranean species SMRs were 30% higher than similar-sized desert species. Summer SMR of all species together scaled with body size with an exponent of 0.84 but dropped to 0.71 during brumation. Individuals measured during both seasons decreased their SMR between summer and winter by </span><span>47</span><span>%, on average, at 20</span><span>°C and by 7</span><span>0</span><span>% at 12</span><span>°C. Q<sub>10</sub> was 1.75 times higher in winter than in summer, possibly indicating an active suppression of metabolic processes under cold temperatures. </span> </li> <li><span>Our results challenge the commonly held perception that squamate physiology is mainly shaped by temperature, with little role for intrinsic metabolic regulation. The patterns we describe indicate that seasonal, diel, and geographic factors can trigger remarkable shifts in metabolism across squamate species.</span></li> </ol>
Cold comfort: metabolic rate and tolerance to low temperatures predict latitudinal distribution in ants
<p class="MsoNormal"><span>Metabolic compensation has been proposed as a mean for ectotherms to cope with colder climates. For example, under the metabolic cold adaptation and the metabolic homeostasis hypotheses (MCA and MHH), it has been formulated that cold-adapted ectotherms should display both higher (MCA) and more thermally sensitive (MHH) metabolic rates (MRs) at lower temperatures. However, whether such compensation can truly be associated with distribution, and whether it interplays with cold-tolerance to support species' climatic niches, remains largely unclear despite broad ecological implications thereof. Here, we teased apart the relationship between MRs, cold-tolerance, and distribution, to test the MCA/MHH among 13 ant species. We report clear metabolic compensation effects, consistent with the MCA and MHH, where MR parameters strongly correlated with latitude and climatic factors across species' distributions. The combination of both cold-tolerance and MR further upheld the best predictions of species' climatic niches. To our knowledge, this is the first study showing that the association of metabolic data with cold-tolerance supports better predictive models of climatic temperature and distribution in social insects than models including cold-tolerance alone. </span><span>These results also highlight that adaptation to higher latitudes in ants involved adjustments of both cold-tolerance and MRs, <span>to</span><span> </span>allow this extremely successful group of insects to thrive under colder climates. </span></p>
Impact of prolonged chronic social isolation stress on behavior and multifractal complexity of metabolic rate in Octodon degus
<p>We investigated the effects of prolonged chronic social isolation stress on behavioral, cognitive, and physiological performance in the social, long-lived rodent <em>Octodon degus</em>. Degu pups were separated into two social stress treatments: control (CTRL) and chronically isolated (CI) individuals from post-natal and post-weaning until adulthood. We quantified anxiety-like behavior and cognitive performance with behavioral tests. Additionally, we measured their basal metabolic rate (BMR). Data include behavioral tests and physiological traits (body mass and Basal Metabolic Rate).</p>
Study of Human Non-Shivering Thermogenesis and Basal Metabolic Rate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01950520. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 4.
Nutritional Stimulation of Muscle Protein Synthesis and Metabolic Rate After Bariatric Surgery
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04751916. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 24.
Deep Brain Stimulation Effects on Weight Change and Metabolic Rate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT01933113. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Effects of 12 Weeks of Omega 3 Supplementation on Resting Metabolic Rate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02092649. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Wolbachia-infected pharaoh ant colonies have higher egg production, metabolic rate, and worker survival
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Data from: Interactive effects of temperature acclimation and dietary fatty acids on metabolic rate and body composition of zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata)
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Data from: Are acute and acclimated thermal effects on metabolic rate modulated by cell size? A comparison between diploid and triploid zebrafish larvae
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Cold comfort: metabolic rate and tolerance to low temperatures predict latitudinal distribution in ants
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Quantifying selection on standard metabolic rate and body mass in Drosophila melanogaster
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Flexibility of metabolic rate to temperature coincides with diapause strategy
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Metabolic rate in common shrews is unaffected by temperature, leading to lower energetic costs through seasonal size reduction
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A simple method reveals minimum time required to quantify steady-rate metabolism and net cost of transport for human walking
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Data from: Estimation of lifelong metabolic rates in marine fish: A combination of oxygen consumption measurements and δ13C metabolic proxy derived from vertebral structural carbonates
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Allen Brain Atlas
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