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311 results for “Migrants”
A trans-African migrant shows repeatable route choice in males and repeatable timing in females
<p>Migrant bird populations often show substantial variation in route choice and timing. Determining whether this population-level variation is driven by between-individual differences and/or flexibility within individuals is key to identifying drivers of migration patterns. 'Repeatability' (R, the proportion of population-level variation attributable to between-individual variation) has become a central metric for the relative consistency of individual behaviour. Individual repeatability in migratory route choice and timing is often reported to vary between seasonal and regional contexts and may also differ between demographic groups (e.g. sexes), but interpreting repeatability requires careful consideration of the underlying changes in between- and within-individual variation. We GPS-tracked repeat migrations for eight male and five female Eleonora's falcons <em>Falco eleonorae</em> and quantified the magnitude of within- and between-individual variation and the individual repeatability of their seasonal routes and timing at 100km intervals all across Africa. We did this across both sexes and then separately for males and females. We found greater between-individual variation in spring routes, albeit with substantial regional fluctuations in both seasons. The greatest between-individual variation in routes occurred during the spring desert-crossing, but this coincided with high within-individual variation, and thus only low repeatability of route choice. Route repeatability instead peaked (R = 0.6–0.8) through the Horn of Africa in spring and during the rainforest-crossing in autumn. Variation and repeatability of timing were stable across regions, with generally higher between-individual variation and repeatability in spring. Sex-specific analyses suggest males exhibit higher route repeatability, while females exhibit stronger seasonal contrasts in timing repeatability. Such sex differences were unexpected, but overall, between-individual variation and repeatability in routes and timings appear greater where environmental and annual cycle constraints are weaker. Route repeatability is especially high where falcons show fidelity to stop-over sites, or individual barrier-crossing preferences. Individual routines may be acquired through early-life exploration-refinement.</p>
Sociodemographic predictors of bureaucratic violence in the residency application process: findings from a mixed methods cross-sectional survey of migrant women in Spain.
<p>Dataset contains the data used for the quantitative analyses presented in the paper titled "Sociodemographic predictors of bureaucratic violence in the residency application process: findings from a mixed methods cross-sectional survey of migrant women in Spain.".</p> <p>Data were collected from a cross-sectional online survey of migrant women living in the Valencian Community of Spain between January and March 2023. The dataset contains demographic information about participants, as well as the barriers that the reported facing in the process of applying for residency within Spain.</p>
A trans-African migrant shows repeatable route choice in males and repeatable timing in females
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Sex, body size, and winter weather explain migration strategies in a partial migrant population of American Kestrels (Falco sparverius)
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Nonbreeding distributions of four declining Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are predicted to contract under future climate and socioeconomic scenarios
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Data for: Intra- and interspecific variation in trace element concentrations in feathers of North European Trans-African migrants
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The most remarkable migrants: Systematic analysis of the Western European insect flyway at a Pyrenean mountain pass
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Facilitated migration could bolster migrant passage through anthropogenically altered ecosystems
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Data from: Understanding the social dynamics of breeding phenology: indirect genetic effects and assortative mating in a long distance migrant
Phenological traits, such as the timing of reproduction, are often influenced by social interactions between paired individuals. Such partner effects may occur when pair members affect each other's pre-breeding environment. Partner effects can be environmentally and/or genetically determined, and quantifying direct and indirect genetic effects is important for understanding the evolutionary dynamics of phenological traits. Here, using 26 years of data from a pedigreed population of a migratory seabird, the common tern ( Sterna hirundo ), we investigate male and female effects on female laying date. We find that female laying date harbors both genetic and environmental variation, and is additionally influenced by the environmental, and, to a lower extent, genetic, component of her mate. We demonstrate this partner effect to be largely explained by male arrival date. Interestingly, analyses of mating patterns with respect to arrival date show mating to be strongly assortative and, using simulations, we show that this assortative mating for arrival date leads to overestimation of partner effects. Our study provides evidence for partner effects on breeding phenology in a long distance migrant, while uncovering the potential causal pathways underlying the observed effects and raising awareness for confounding effects due to assortative mating or other common environmental effects.
Migrants and residents of a long-lived seabird differ in their behavioural response to a stressor
<p>Inter-individual variation in behaviour has been recognised as a major driver of population ecology, but its relationship to migratory strategy has been ill-explored. Here, we investigated whether male migrant and resident Cory's Shearwaters (<i>Calonectris borealis</i>), a long-lived partially migratory seabird, are distinguishable by their temperament at the colony. We tracked a large number of individuals over two winters using GLS devices and assessed whether exploratory behaviour and reaction to extraction from the nest corresponded to migratory strategy over this period. While exploratory behaviour was unrelated to migratory strategy, birds that were resident were more likely to be unreactive towards extraction from the nest. This difference in behavioural stress response, together with previous findings that migrants display higher physiological stress over winter, suggests that migrants and residents may be distinguishable by their stress threshold.</p>
Data from: Impact of involvement of non-formal health providers on TB case notification among migrant slum-dwelling populations in Odisha, India
Background: Migrant labourers living in the slums of urban and industrial patches across India make up a key sub-population so far controlling Tuberculosis (TB) in the country is concerned. This is because many TB patients from these communities remain under reached by the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme (RNTCP) of India. This marginalized community usually seeks early-stage healthcare from "friendly neighbourhood" non-formal health providers (NFHPs). Because, RNTCP has limited capacity to involve the NFHPs, an implementation research project was conceived, whereby an external partner would engage with the NFHPs to enable them to identify early TB symptomatics from this key sub-population who would be then tested using Xpert MTB/RIF technology. Diagnosed TB cases among them would be referred promptly to RNTCP for treatment. This paper aimed to describe the project and its impact. Methods: Adopting a quasi-experimental before-after design, four RNTCP units from two major urban-industrial areas of Odisha were selected for intervention, which spanned five quarters and covered 151,400 people, of which 30% were slum-dwelling migrants. Two similar units comprised the control population. The hypothesis was, reaching the under reached in the intervention area through NFHPs would increase TB notification from these traditionally under-notifying units. RNTCP notification data during intervention was compared with pre-intervention era, adjusted for contemporaneous changes in control population. Results: The project detected 488 Xpert+ TB cases, of whom 466 were administered RNTCP treatment. This translated into notification of additional 198 new bacteriologically positive cases to RNTCP, a 30% notification surge, after adjustment for 2% decline in control. This meant an average quarterly increase in notification of 41.20(20.08, 62.31; p<0.001) cases. The increase was immediate, evident from the rise in level in the time series analysis by 50.42(10.28, 90.55; p=0.02) cases. Conclusion: Engagement with NFHPs contributed to an increase in TB notification to RNTCP from key under reached, slum-dwelling migrant populations.
Consistent measures of oxidative balance predict survival but not reproduction in a long-distance migrant
1. Physiological processes, including those that disrupt oxidative balance, have been proposed as key to understanding fundamental life history trade-offs. Yet examination of changes in oxidative balance within wild animals across time, space and major life history challenges remain uncommon. For example, migration presents substantial physiological challenges for individuals, and data on migratory individuals would provide crucial context for exposing the importance of relationships between oxidative balance and fitness outcomes. 2. Here we examined the consistency of commonly used measures of oxidative balance in longitudinally sampled free-living individuals of a long-lived, long-distance migrant, the Brent goose Branta bernicla hrota over periods of months to years. 3. Although inter-individual and temporal variation in measures of oxidative balance were substantial, we found high consistency in measures of lipid peroxidation and circulating non-enzymatic antioxidants in longitudinally sampled individuals. This suggests the potential for the existence of individual oxidative phenotypes. 4. Given intra-individual consistency, we then examined how these physiological measures relate to survival and reproductive success across all sampled individuals. Surprisingly, lower survival was predicted for individuals with lower levels of damage, with no measured physiological metric associated with reproductive success. 5. Our results demonstrate that snapshot measurements of a consistent measure of oxidative balance can inform our understanding of differences in a key demographic trait. However, the positive relationship between oxidative damage and survival emphasises the need to investigate relationships between the oxidative system and fitness outcomes in other species undergoing similar physiologically challenging lifecycles. This would highlight the extent to which variation in such traits and resource allocation trade-offs is a result of adaptation to different life history strategies. 30-Mar-2020
Plasma metabolites of three migrant bird species during nocturnal endurance flight
<p>Plasma metabolites of the fat-, protein and carbohydrate metabolism were analysed in European robins, garden warblers and pied flycatchers during their nocturnal migration on a Swiss Alpine pass, Col de Bretolet. Birds were caught in high mist nets out of their nocturnal flight; hence the plasma metabolites reflect the metabolism of a flying, fasting bird.</p>
Data from: Lunar synchrony, geography, and individual clocks shape autumn migration timing in an avian migrant
<p>Timing programs in animal migrants have been selected to synchronize movements that coincide with predictable resources on the breeding and nonbreeding grounds. Migrants face potential temporal conflicts if their migration schedules benefit from synchrony to conflicting rhythms associated with annual biogeographical (circannual) cues, lunar (circalunar) cues, or individually-repeatable internal clocks. We repeat-tracked individuals of an avian lunaphilic species, Eastern Whip-poor-will (<em>Antrostomus vociferus</em>), for 2–3 successive autumn migrations to determine the influence of the lunar cycle, breeding location, and individual repeatability on migration timing. Almost all birds avoided departing for migration during a full moon, likely to take advantage of the bright moonlight to facilitate visual foraging and enhance pre-migration fattening. However, groups from two latitudinally-distant sampling areas adjusted their autumn departure timing differently relative to the timing of the September full moon, presumably due to differences in seasonal prey availability. Individual repeatability increased throughout autumn migration, suggesting that the factors responsible for shaping migration timing may differ for different migration stages. Our results, that lunar synchrony, local climate, and individual internal clocks appeared to account for much of the variation in migration timing in whip-poor-wills, underscore the value of measuring potentially interacting factors that shape migratory behavior at species, group, and individual levels. It remains unclear if, or how, maintaining individually-repeatable annual migration schedules provides an adaptive benefit for whip-poor-wills or other lunaphilic migrants. Further clarifying the reasons for phenotypic variation in whip-poor-will migration timing will improve predictions of their abilities to adjust migratory movements under changing environmental conditions.</p>
Effects of nocturnal celestial illumination on high-flying migrant insects
<p>Radar networks hold great promise for monitoring population trends of migrating insects. However, it is important to elucidate the nature of responses to environmental cues. We use data from a mini-network of vertical-looking entomological radars in the southern UK to investigate changes in nightly abundance, flight altitude, and behaviour of insect migrants, in relation to meteorological and celestial conditions. An abundance of migrants showed positive relationships with air temperature, indicating that this is the single most important variable influencing the decision to initiate migration. In addition, there was a small but significant effect of moonlight illumination, with more insects migrating on full moon nights. While the effect of nocturnal illumination levels on abundance was relatively minor, there was a stronger effect on the insects' ability to orientate close to downwind: flight headings were more tightly clustered on nights when the moon was bright and when cloud cover was sparse. This indicates that nocturnal illumination is important for the navigational mechanisms used by nocturnal insect migrants. Further, our results clearly show that environmental conditions such as air temperature and light levels must be considered if long-term radar datasets are to be used to assess the changing population trends of migrants.</p>
Adressbuch/Directory German Migrants in Paris 1854 - full sources
<p>All informations in this collection are extracted from the following book :</p> <p>F-A. Kronauge. Adreßbuch der Deutschen in Paris für das Jahr 1854 oder vollständiges Adreßverzeichniß aller in Paris und seinen Vorstädten wohnenden selbständigen Deutschen in alphabetischer Ordnung. (1854). <a href="https://bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr/ark:/73873/pf0000884072">https://bibliotheques-specialisees.paris.fr/ark:/73873/pf0000884072 :</a></p> <ol> <li>HD.zip = pages of the book in high quality</li> <li>SD.zip = pages of the book in standard quality</li> <li>pics_metadata.csv info about the pics size and dpi</li> <li>OCR.zip : text extracted from the pictures</li> <li>adressbuch1854.json : extracted data encoded in JSON</li> <li>The MySQL associated database for the web site : adressbuch1854.sql.zip</li> </ol> <p>The website can be found here: <a href="https://adressbuch1854.dhi-paris.fr/">https://adressbuch1854.dhi-paris.fr/</a>.</p> <p><strong>Update of the database on December 12, 2022 (v2)</strong></p> <p>1) adressbuch1854_v2.json - extracted data encoded in JSON</p> <p>2) adressbuch1854_v2.xml - extracted data encoded in XML</p> <p>3) adressbuch1854_v2.sql - database in MySQL</p> <p>4) adressbuch1854_v2.csv - datasheet with most important data tables - complete version on website</p> <p><strong>Update of the OCR-files on March, 27, 2025 (v2)</strong></p> <p>We have improved the OCR of the scanned images in order to achieve better recognition of the combination of Fraktur and Latin scripts.</p> <p>1) ocr_v2.zip: text extracted from the pictures</p>
Data and code to explore annual cycle schedule adjustments in a long distance migrant
<p>Matching the timing of annual cycle events with the required resources can have crucial consequences for individual fitness. But as the annual cycle is comprised of sequential events, a delay at any point may be carried over to the subsequent stage (or more, in a domino effect) and negatively influence individual performance. To investigate how migratory animals navigate their annual schedule, and where and when it may be adjusted, we used full annual cycle data of 38 Icelandic whimbrels <em>Numenius phaeopus islandicus</em> tracked over 7 years – a subspecies that typically performs long-distance migrations to West Africa. We found that individuals apparently used the wintering sites to compensate for delays that mostly arose due to previous successful breeding, and a domino effect was observed from spring departure to laying date, with the potential to affect breeding output. However, the total time saved during all stationary periods is apparently enough to avoid interannual effects between breeding seasons. These findings highlight the importance of preserving good quality non-breeding sites in which individuals may adjust annual schedules and avoid potentially adverse effects of arriving late at the breeding grounds.</p>
SSHOC Training Material Video 5 - Leveraging the the Ethnic and Migrant Minorities' (EMM) Survey Registry for public policy - training video in English, French and Spanish
<p>EMM Survey Registry - D9.4 - Video 5 Live Demo - Policy Making Stackholders (front- and back-end)</p> <p><strong>The video will begin by reiterating what the EMM Survey Registry is and why policy-making stakeholders (e.g. civil society and think tank communities; policymakers) interested in quantitative surveys on ethnic and migrant minorities’ integration and/or inclusion should be using this service. It will then explain how this target user group can both leverage the EMM Survey Registry for finding and learning about surveys, as well as showcasing surveys they have produced and/or have been involved in.</strong></p>
Migrantes centroamericanos en el crimen organizado
<p>En la columna de hoy voy a dar seguimiento al descubrimiento de ya cinco campamentos en Tala, que el CJNG, como recordarán los oyentes, usaba para formar o retener a individuos para que realizasen labores de sicariato, vigilancia, etc. Pero desearía cambiar la perspectiva y hablar de un aspecto que la Fiscalía ha señalado ante los medios: La presencia de un ciudadano de origen hondureño entre los detenidos. Porque hay algo de truculento en unos hechos ocurridos en la Región Valles, unos hechos que ya de por sí tenían un componente violento muy grande. Según la prensa, en esos campamentos se realizaban torturas y posiblemente, asesinatos. El hondureño mencionado, según la Fiscalía, era el encargado de descuartizar a los cuerpos. Como se trata de contextualizar y poner las cosas en perspectiva, vamos a ver qué papel juegan los individuos centroamericanos y, en general, los migrantes en el crimen organizado mexicano. Porque, a grandes rasgos, son tan víctimas como los mexicanos. </p>
Ukrainian migrants in Lodz
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