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FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 10. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae, n. sp. holotype spicules. A. A prostal diactin and enlargements of the end. B. Two hypodermal pentactins with enlargements of ray ends. C. Two choanosomal diactins and four enlarged ends. D. Dermalia, pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. E. Atrialia, pentactin and hexactin. F. Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other microscleres, and enlarged terminal ray end. G. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail. H. Hemioxyhexaster. I. Oxyhexaster. J. Oxyhexactin. K. Small discoctaster. L. Large discoctaster with magnified secondary ray end.

FIGURE 7. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 7. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n. sp., holotype body. A. The holotype in lab. B. External view of distal end with conules and veil. C. Internal view of distal end with turned-in margin and veil. D. Dermal (outer) surface showing remnants of the dermal lattice. E. Atrial (inner) surface showing uncovered exhalant canals and atrial lattice directly applied to the underlying tissues and thus invisible. F. Atrial peel containing pentactins and diactins.

FIGURE 2. Pinulasma bowiensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 2. Pinulasma bowiensis n. sp., holotype body. A. Dermal side of some larger fragments of the preserved holotype showing dermal processes projecting out and fused to form ridges. B. The largest fragment, atrial side, showing large apertures on the atrial surface that pass out into the dermal processes. C. Outer (dermal) view of a medium-size fragment, upper end left. D. lateral view of the same fragment, main wall at bottom from which dermal processes project upwards in this view. E. Outer ridge of dermal process with two parietal oscula. F. Parietal osculum with a few scopules projecting from its margin. G. Dermal lattice of loose pentactins covering the dark inhalant channels. H. Close view of dermal pentactin lattice showing variation in arrangement of spicule rays. I. Close view of atrial lattice showing a consistent uniform arrangement of spicule rays.

FIGURE 1 in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 1. Map of the two collection areas, Bowie Seamount and remains of the USS Independence with locations of species marked by black circles.

FIGURE 4. Pinulasma bowiensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 4. Pinulasma bowiensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Dermal and atrial pentactins with enlarged tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Tyloscopules, whole, enlarged ends and greatly enlarged tine club. C. Choanosomal small oxyhexactins, separate (above) and fused network (below). D. Uncinate, whole and enlarged mid-segment. E. Discohexasters 1 (above) and discohexaster 2 (below). F. Terminal ray tufts of discohexaster 1 (left) and discohexaster 2 (right). G. Oxyhexaster whole. H. Terminal rays of oxyhexaster.

FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 12. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Three primary diactins and enlarged ends. B. Two hypodermal pentactins and enlarged ray ends. C. Three choanosomal diactins and enlarged ray ends. D A short atrial diactin that probably is an atrialium. E. Dermalia: pentactin and stauractin with enlarged ray ends. F. Atrialia: hexactins, stauractin, diactin and paratetractin with enlarged ray ends. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with enlarged terminal ray end. H. Oxyhexactin. I. Microdiscohexaster at same magnification as other microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show details.

FIGURE 6. Farrea schulzei n. nom., spicules. A in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 6. Farrea schulzei n. nom., spicules. A. Dermalia, pentactin and paratetractin and closeups of tangential and proximal ray ends. B. Atrialia, pentactin and paratetractin with closeups of ray ends. C. Anchorate clavules, two whole and enlarged ends. D. Uncinate, whole and enlarged middle segment. E. Oxyhexaster with enlarged secondary ray end. F. Hemioxyhexaster. G. Oxyhexactin.

FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 9. Staurocalyptus pamelaturnerae n. sp. body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence prior to sample collection by ROV. B. Facial views of dermal (above) and atrial (below) surfaces of the fragment available for analysis. C. Longitudinal section of the oscular margin (dermal right, atrial left) showing the narrow distribution of diactine prostalia and emergent pentactine hypodermalia. D. Small conules at the emergence points of diactins and pentactins. E. Atrial surface of the vestibule with open, uncovered exhalant canal apertures. F. Dermal lattice over inhalant canals and subdermal spaces. G. Atrial lattice tightly bound to underlying tissues between exhalant canals.

FIGURE 3. Pinulasma bowiensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 3. Pinulasma bowiensis n. sp., holotype framework. A. The cleaned dictyonal framework of fragment of Fig. 1C viewed from the outer (dermal) side. B. A 5 mm thick section of the same framework viewed from the side, main wall left; note the shift in skeletal arrangement from septate main framework to dermal process framework about 1 cm out from the main wall. C. Thick cross-section of the main wall, with long-meshed primary dictyonal wall between the thick dermal cortex (right) and thin atrial cortex (left). D. Frontal view of main framework with dermal cortex intact on right side and dermal cortex dissected away on left side to reveal the long-meshed primary layer. E. Primary dictyonal layer dissected from fragment in LM. F. Framework of dermal process showing approximately even spacing between longitudinal and transverse beam lengths (lacking elongate meshes and strong septa). G. Dermal spurs. H. View of heterogeneous ornamentation of beams—some areas with dense spines and other areas without spines.

FIGURE 5. Farrea schulzei n. nom., body. A in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 5. Farrea schulzei n. nom., body. A. Encircled specimen in situ on USS Independence during collection by ROV. B. Terminal tubular element made available for inspection. C. One layer framework at mid-level of tube in B. D. Framework at growing edge showing growth of longitudinal strands before addition of dictyonalia. E. Oblique view of framework showing both internal and external spurs curved downstream towards the osculum. F. View of atrial surface of whole mount with arrowheads marking four of the anchorate clavules occurring only on this side.

FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 11. Hyalascus farallonensis n. sp., holotype and paratype body. A. Encircled holotype on the sunken USS Independence amid a variety of other hexactinellids. B. Encircled paratype about a meter from A. C. Dermal surface of the fragment of the holotype showing collapse of tissues when removed from the water and large cavities resulting. D. Atrial surface of the same fragment showing the more physically robust atrial side with small sieve areas. E. Longitudinal wall section, dermal side on left, atrial side on right, showing cavernous wall structure. F. Dermal surface closeup of thin strands of tissue connecting large tissue masses. G. Atrial surface exhalant sieve area. H. Puffy and imperforate atrial wall extending over large areas between sieve areas has atrial lattice closely applied to supporting tissue wall. All images except B are from the holotype.

FIGURE 8. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n in Four new species of Hexactinellida (Porifera) and a name replacement from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 8. Rhabdocalyptus trichotis n. sp., holotype spicules. A. Prostal diactin, whole and two close-ups. B. Hypodermal pentactins, two whole smooth ones, lateral view of thorned one and close-up of thorned segment of tangential ray. C. Choanosomal diactins including four whole spicules, three magnified ends and a center segment showing insignificant center swelling. D. Dermalia, including whole pentactin, stauractin, tauactin, paradiactin and magnified ray tip. E. Atrialia, pentactin and diactin. F. Discoctaster, whole and close-ups of center, tuft of terminal rays and one terminal ray. G. Oxyhexaster and hemioxyhexaster with close-ups of spicule center and terminal ray. H. Oxyhexactin. I Microdiscohexaster at same scale as other whole microscleres. J. Microdiscohexaster enlarged to show detail.

FIGURE 4 in Redescription of two species of Naineris (Annelida, Orbiniidae) with multiple dorsal organs and description of a new species from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 4. Naineris australis. Holotype (LACM-AHF Poly 676). A, complete specimen; B, anterior end, lateral view; C, thoracic segments, dorsal view; D, abdominal segments, dorsal view. N. australis (ZMH P-16592). E, thoracic neurochaetae, lateral view. N. australis (AM W.195061). F, abdominal segments, dorsal view; G, abdominal postchaetal lobes. br—branchiae, cc—crenulate capillaries, dc—dorsal crest, do—dorsal organs, NeL—Neuropodial lobe, NoL—Notopodial lobe, no—nuchal organ, pb—proboscis, pr—prostomium, su—subuluncini, u—uncini (Scales: A: 1 mm; B–E, G: 0.5 mm; F: 0.2 mm).

FIGURE 3 in Redescription of two species of Naineris (Annelida, Orbiniidae) with multiple dorsal organs and description of a new species from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 3. Naineris bicornis (USNM 1284137). A, anterior end; B, abdominal segments, dorsal view, multiple dorsal organs; C, thoracic neurochaetae; D, abdominal neurochaetae. a—acicula, cc—crenulate capillaries, do—dorsal organs, pe—peristomium, pr—prostomium, su—subuluncini, u—uncini (Scales: A: 400 μm; B: 100 μm.; C–D: 20 μm).

FIGURE 2 in Redescription of two species of Naineris (Annelida, Orbiniidae) with multiple dorsal organs and description of a new species from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 2. Naineris bicornis (USNM 1284134) (Shirlastain stained). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, thorax, dorsal view; C, last thoracic segments, dorsal view. Naineris bicornis (USNM 090156). D, thoracic chaetiger; E, abdominal chaetiger. a—acicular spines, br—branchiae, cc—crenulate capillaries, do—dorsal organs, NoL—Abdominal notopodial lobe, pa—neuropodial papilla, pr—prostomium, su—subuluncini, u—uncini (Scales: A: 0.5 mm; B–C: 0.25 mm; D–E: 0.25 mm).

FIGURE 1 in Redescription of two species of Naineris (Annelida, Orbiniidae) with multiple dorsal organs and description of a new species from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 1. Naineris bicornis. Holotype (LACM-AHF Poly 674). A, anterior end, dorsal view; B, thorax, dorsal view; C, thoracic parapodia, lateral view; D, thorax, ventral view; E, transverse section of thoracic segment, posterior view; F, transverse section of abdominal segment, posterior view; G, abdominal parapodia, lateral view. br—branchia, dc—dorsal crest, do—dorsal organs, NeL—neuropodial lobe, NoL—notopodial lobe, on—nuchal organ, pa—papilla, pb—proboscis (Scales: A–F: 1 mm; G: 0.2 mm).

FIGURE 6 in Redescription of two species of Naineris (Annelida, Orbiniidae) with multiple dorsal organs and description of a new species from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 6. Parapodial lobes scheme of species of Naineris with multiple dorsal organs studied. A, thoracic parapodia of Naineris bicornis; B, thoracic parapodia of Naineris australis; C, thoracic parapodia of Naineris elegans sp. nov.; D, abdominal parapodia of Naineris bicornis; E, abdominal parapodia of Naineris australis; F, abdominal parapodia of Naineris elegans sp. nov. NeL—Neuropodial lobe, NoL—Notopodial lobe (Scales: A, D: 250 μm; B, E: 200 μm; C–F: 500 μm).

FIGURE 5 in Redescription of two species of Naineris (Annelida, Orbiniidae) with multiple dorsal organs and description of a new species from the NE Pacific

FIGURE 5. Naineris elegans sp. nov. Holotype (LACM-AHF Poly 11164). A, incomplete live specimen, dorsal view; B, anterior end, dorsal view; C, thorax, lateral view; D, thorax, ventro-lateral view; E, thoracic parapodia, lateral view; F, dorsal organs from thorax; G, abdominal parapodia, ventro-lateral view. br—branchia, cc—crenulate capillaries, dc—dorsal crest, do—dorsal organs, NeL—Neuropodial lobe, NoL—Notopodial lobe, pe—peristomium, pr—prostomium, su—subuluncini, u—uncini (Scales: A, D: 1 mm; B, C, E–G: 0.5 mm).