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125 results for “Natural impacts”
Data from: Contrasting genetic metrics and patterns among naturalized rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in two Patagonian lakes differentially impacted by trout aquaculture
Different pathways of propagation and dispersal of non-native species into new environments may have contrasting demographic and genetic impacts on established populations. Repeated introductions of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to Chile in South America, initially through stocking and later through aquaculture escapes, provide a unique setting to contrast these two pathways. Using a panel of single nucleotide polymorphisms, we found contrasting genetic metrics and patterns among naturalized trout in Lake Llanquihue, Chile's largest producer of salmonid smolts for nearly 50 years, and Lake Todos Los Santos (TLS), a reference lake where aquaculture has been prohibited by law. Trout from Lake Llanquihue showed higher genetic diversity, weaker genetic structure and larger estimates for the effective number of breeders (Nb) than trout from Lake TLS. Trout from Lake TLS were divergent from Lake Llanquihue, and showed marked genetic structure and a significant isolation-by-distance pattern consistent with secondary contact between documented and undocumented stocking events in opposite shores of the lake. Multiple factors, including differences in propagule pressure, origin of donor populations, lake geomorphology, and habitat quality or quantity, may concomitantly explain contrasting genetic metrics and patterns for trout between lakes. We also discussed violations of assumptions that may lead to overestimating Nb . We contend that high propagule pressure from aquaculture may not only increase genetic diversity and Nb via demographic effects and admixture, but also may impact the evolution of genetic structure and increase gene flow, consistent with findings from artificially propagated salmonid populations in their native and naturalized ranges.
Integrated Modeling of Flow, Soil Erosion, and Nutrient Dynamics in a Regional Watershed: Assessing Natural and Human-Induced Impacts
<p>Attached file is the verification data for the submitted manuscript "Integrated Modeling of Flow, Soil Erosion, and Nutrient Dynamics in a Regional Watershed: Assessing Natural and Human-Induced Impacts" .</p>
Vertebrate grazing can mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on plant diversity and insect abundance in a semi-natural grassland
<p>Human-induced nutrient eutrophication is a major threat to grassland biodiversity, because it promotes the dominance of fast-growing plants. Negative impacts of fertilization on plant biodiversity may be offset by grazing by large vertebrate herbivores. However, whether grazers also mitigate impacts of nutrient addition on insects is less well understood. We use a field experiment to test how plant communities and abundances of pollinators and grasshoppers respond to nutrient addition and grazing by different assemblages of large herbivores, i.e., access by all herbivores (including cattle and horses), access by wild herbivores only (wild boar and deer), no access by large herbivores. Plant biomass increased, plant diversity decreased and community composition shifted towards lower forb cover in response to fertilization, but only in the absence of all herbivores. Flower visitation by Hymenoptera (bees and wasps), i.e., the most abundant pollinator group, was reduced by nutrient addition only in the absence of all herbivores and was positively related to flowering plant richness. In contrast, flower visitation by Diptera (e.g., hoverflies) was enhanced by fertilization, but not affected by grazing. Orthoptera (grasshopper) abundance was reduced by grazing and enhanced by nutrient addition, with positive impacts of fertilization tending to be stronger in plots with only wild or no herbivores. The abundance of grasshoppers was positively related to grass biomass. We conclude that vertebrate herbivores can offset impacts of fertilization on both plant and insect communities, making grazing by large mammals an essential tool to protect insects, particularly pollinators. Most responses to nutrient addition were only apparent in plots without any large herbivores, suggesting that wild herbivores alone could already mitigate nutrient impacts. We also show that insects with contrasting feeding guilds may be favoured by fertilized, ungrazed conditions. Therefore, creating a mosaic of patches grazed at different intensities will enhance overall insect biodiversity.</p>
Data from: Evolutionary impact of size-selective harvesting on shoaling behavior: Individual-level mechanisms and possible consequences for natural and fishing mortality
<p>Intensive and size-selective harvesting is an evolutionary driver of life-history as well as individual behavioral traits. Yet, whether and to what degree harvesting modifies the collective behavior of exploited species is largely unknown. We present a multi-generation harvest selection experiment with zebrafish (<em>Danio rerio)</em> as a model species to understand the effects of size-selective harvesting on shoaling behavior. The experimental system is based on a large-harvested (typical of most wild capture fisheries targeting larger size classes) and small-harvested (typical of specialized fisheries and gape-limited predators targeting smaller size classes) selection lines. By combining high resolution tracking of fish behavior with computational agent-based modeling we show that shoal cohesion changed in the direction expected by a trade-off between individual vigilance and the use of social cues. In particular, we document a decrease of individual vigilance in the small-harvested line, which was linked to an increase in the attention to social cues, favoring more cohesive shoals. Opposing outcomes were found for the large-harvested line, which formed less cohesive shoals. Using the agent-based model we outline possible consequences of changes in shoaling behavior for both fishing and natural mortality. The changes in shoaling induced by large size-selective harvesting may decrease fishing mortality, but increase mortality by natural predators. Our work suggests an insofar overlooked evolutionary mechanism by which size-selective harvesting can affect fishing and natural mortality of exploited fish.</p>
Genome-wide analysis of natural and restored eastern oyster populations reveals local adaptation and positive impacts of planting frequency and broodstock number
<p>The release of captive-bred plants and animals has increased worldwide to augment declining species. However, insufficient attention has been given to understanding how neutral and adaptive genetic variation are partitioned within and among proximal natural populations, and the patterns and drivers of gene flow over small spatial scales, which can be important for restoration success. A seascape genomics approach was used to investigate population structure, local adaptation, and the extent to which environmental gradients influence genetic variation among natural and restored populations of Chesapeake Bay eastern oysters <i>Crassostrea virginica</i>. We also investigated the impact of hatchery practices on neutral genetic diversity of restored reefs and quantified the broader genetic impacts of large-scale hatchery-based bivalve restoration. Restored reefs showed similar levels of diversity as natural reefs, and striking relationships were found between planting frequency and broodstock numbers and genetic diversity metrics (effective population size and relatedness), suggesting that hatchery practices can have a major impact on diversity. Despite long-term restoration activities, haphazard historical translocations, and high dispersal potential of larvae that could homogenize allele frequencies among populations, moderate neutral population genetic structure was uncovered. Moreover, environmental factors, namely salinity, pH, and temperature, play a major role in the distribution of neutral and adaptive genetic variation. For marine invertebrates in heterogeneous seascapes, collecting broodstock from large populations experiencing similar environments to candidate sites may provide the most appropriate sources for restoration and ensure population resilience in the face of rapid environmental change. This is one of a few studies to demonstrate empirically that hatchery practices have a major impact on the retention of genetic diversity. Overall, these results contribute to the growing body of evidence for fine-scale genetic structure and local adaptation in broadcast-spawning marine species and provide novel information for the management of an important fisheries resource.</p>
The impact of Natural Variability on Regional Sea-Level Rise During the Satellite-Altimetry Era
<p>We share the datasets for each figure. Anyone can use the datasets under proper citation.</p>
Plant responses to ramet density and herbivory under natural field conditions: Impacts on volatile organic compound emissions and seed production
Open the record for dataset details and reuse information.
Data for "Evaluation of Low Impact Development and Nature-Based Solutions for stormwater management: a fully distributed modelling approach"
<p>The data set corresponds the data used in the paper : “Evaluation of Low Impact Development and Nature-Based Solutions for stormwater management: a fully distributed modelling approach”, published in 2019 in the Journal “Hydrology and Earth System Sciences” (http://www.hydrol-earth-syst-sci.net/).</p> <p>More precisely it corresponds to the simulation input data that used in the Multi-Hydro model and the simulated discharge of the five scenarios investigated in the paper.</p>
Impact of dispersion correction in DFT-enhanced anisotropic NMR for stereochemical elucidation of flexible marine natural products
<p><strong>Supplementary Data of the article "Impact of dispersion correction in DFT-enhanced anisotropic NMR for stereochemical elucidation of flexible marine natural products."</strong></p> <p> </p>
The Impact of "Natural" Cesarean Delivery on Peripartum Maternal Blood Loss.
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT02768142. IPD Sharing: UNDECIDED. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Impacts of Nitrogen Deposition in the Natural Environment on Pollen Allergy in Belgium
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06714149. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Nature of Anifrolumab Impact on Vaccine-Emergent Immunity in SLE
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04726553. IPD Sharing: YES. Countries: 1. Publications: 3.
Bone Metastases in neurOendocrine NEoplasms: naTural History, Prognostic Impact and Therapeutic Approach (MONET)
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04720391. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Impact of Trans Fatty Acids From Natural and Industrial Origin in the Induction of Insulin Resistance Development
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00617435. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
Impact of a Decision Aid Regarding Natural Health Products for Menopausal Symptoms
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT00325923. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Transfer of Frozen Embryos in Natural Cycle: Evaluation of Impact of Spontaneous Versus HCG-triggered Ovulation on Pregnancy Rate
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03428165. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
Evaluation of the Impact of the HL Natural, Inc. Tension Relief Product
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04091555. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 19.
Whole-Brain Dynamics in the Natural Menstrual Cycle vs. an Ovarian Stimulated Cycle: Impact of Hormonal Fluctuations on Healthy Women Undergoing Ovarian Stimulation
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06910293. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 2.
COVID-19 Pandemic Impact on Alcohol (PIA) - A Natural History Study
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT04391816. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 5.
e-Nature VR: Evaluation of the Impact of Virtual Reality During Breast Biopsy
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT03877094. IPD Sharing: NO. Countries: 1. Publications: 1.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.