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447 results for “Neotropical distribution”
Nonbreeding distributions of four declining Nearctic-Neotropical migrants are predicted to contract under future climate and socioeconomic scenarios
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Figures 87-99 in Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records
Figures 87-99. (87‑91) Aegomorphus albosignus, male from Mexico (Jalisco). (87) Dorsal habitus. (88) Ventral habitus. (89) Lateral habitus. (90) Head, frontal view. (91) Lower eye lobe. (92‑99) Specimens from Mexico, dorsal habitus. (92) Female from Jalisco. (93) Female from Jalisco. (94) Female from Michoacán. (95) Male from Michoacán. (96) Female from Michoacán. (97) Female from Michoacán. (98) Male from Guerrero. (99) Female from Michoacán.
Figures 67-76 in Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records
Figures 67-76. (67‑71) Scythropopsis barrerai, female. (67) Dorsal habitus. (68) Ventral habitus. (69) Lateral habitus. (70) Head, frontal view. (71) Lower eye lobe. (72‑76) Scythropopsis intricata sp. nov. holotype female. (72) Dorsal habitus. (73) Ventral habitus. (74) Lateral habitus. (75) Head, frontal view. (76) Lower eye lobe.
Figures 55-66 in Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records
Figures 55-66. (55) Psapharochrus sallei, holotype female, dorsal habitus. (56‑61) Scythropopsis cornuta. (56) Holotype female, dorsal habitus. (57) Dorsal habitus, male. (58) Ventral habitus, male. (59) Lateral habitus, male. (60) Head, frontal view, male. (61) Lower eye lobe, male. (62‑66) Scythropopsis wappesi, male. (62) Dorsal habitus. (63) Ventral habitus. (64) Lateral habitus. (65) Head, frontal view. (66) Lower eye lobe.
Figures 19-34 in Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records
Figures 19-34. Symperasmus alboniger. (19‑22) Male from Brazil (Amazonas, Benjamin Constant). (19) Dorsal habitus. (20) Ventral habitus. (21) Lateral habitus. (22) Head, frontal view. (23‑26) Male from Peru (Huánuco, Tingo Maria). (23) Dorsal habitus. (24) Ventral habitus. (25) Lateral habitus. (26) Head, frontal view. (27‑34) Elytral apex. (27) Female, Bolivia. (28) Female, Bolivia. (29) Female, Peru. (30) Male, Peru. (31) Male, Peru. (32) Male, Peru. (33) Male, Bolivia. (34) Male, Brazil.
Figures 1-9 in Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records
Figures 1-9. (1‑3) Acanthoderes daviesii, male. (1) Dorsal habitus. (2) Head, frontal view. (3) Lower eye lobe. (4‑6) Aegomorphus modestus, female. (4) Dorsal habitus. (5) Head, frontal view. (6) Lower eye lobe. (7‑9) Aegomorphus cylindricus, male. (7) Dorsal habitus. (8) Head, frontal view. (9) Lower eye lobe.
Figures 110-120 in Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records
Figures 110-120. (110‑114) Aegomorphus circumflexus, male from Cuba. (110) Dorsal habitus. (111) Ventral habitus. (112) Lateral habitus. (113) Head, frontal view. (114) Lower eye lobe. (115‑120) Aegomorphus irumus. (115) Dorsal habitus, female. (116) Ventral habitus, female. (117) Lateral habitus, female. (118) Head, frontal view, female. (119) Lower eye lobe, female. (120) Dorsal habitus, male.
Figures 130-141 in Neotropical Acanthoderini (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae, Lamiinae): Synonymies and new status in some genera, new species, transferences and new distributional records
Figures 130-141. (130‑135) Aegomorphus robustus sp. nov. (130) Dorsal habitus, holotype male. (131) Ventral habitus, holotype male. (132) Lateral habitus, holotype male. (133) Head, frontal view, holotype male. (134) Lower eye lobe, holotype male. (135) Dorsal habitus, paratype female. (136‑141) Plagiosarus literatus. (136) Dorsal habitus, male. (137) Ventral habitus, male. (138) Lateral habitus, male. (139) Head, frontal view, male. (140) Lower eye lobe, male. (141) Dorsal habitus, female.
Figures 14-16 in New records and updated distribution of the ant-like jumping spider genus Zuniga Peckham & Peckham, 1892 (Salticidae: Salticinae: Sarindini) in the Neotropics
Figures 14-16. Zuniga magna, male from Colombia, Valle del Cauca, Buenaventura, Bajo Calima. 14, Male, habitus. 15, Same, left palp, ventral view. 16, Same, retrolateral view. Abbreviations: e=embolus, RTA=retrolateral tibial apophysis of the male palp.
Data from: Historical demography and climate driven distributional changes in a widespread Neotropical freshwater species with high economic importance
The Neotropical region exhibits the greatest worldwide diversity and the diversification history of several clades is related to the puzzling geomorphologic and climatic history of this region. The freshwater Amazon ecoregion contains the main hydrographic basins of the Neotropical region that are highly dendritic and ecologically diverse. It contains a rich and endemic fish fauna, including one of its most iconic and economically important representatives, the bony-tongue Arapaima gigas (Teleostei, Osteoglossiformes). Here, we evaluated the projected distribution of the genus in different historical periods (Present, Last Glacial Maximum, Last Interglacial Maximum and Near Future) and interpreted these results in light of the genomic diversity and modeled historical demography. For that, we combined species distribution models, population genetic analysis using SNPs and deep learning model selection. We analyzed a representative sample of the genus from the two basins where it naturally occurs, four localities in the Amazon (Am) and three in the Tocantins-Araguaia (To-Ar) basin, as well as individuals from three fish farms. We inferred a potentially smaller distribution in the glacial period, with a possible refuge in central Am. Our genetic data agrees with this result, suggesting a higher level of genetic diversity in the Am basin, compared to that observed in To-Ar. Our deep learning model comparison indicated that the To-Ar basin was colonized by the population from the Am basin. Considering a global warming scenario in the near future, A. gigas could reach an even larger range, especially if anthropogenic related dispersal occurs, potentially invading new areas and impacting their communities.
Data from: Environmental controls on canopy foliar N distributions in a neotropical lowland forest
Distributions of foliar nutrients across forest canopies can give insight into their plant functional diversity and improve our understanding of biogeochemical cycling. We used airborne remote sensing and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLSR) to quantify canopy foliar nitrogen (N) across ~164 km2 of wet lowland tropical forest in the Osa Peninsula, Costa Rica. We determined the relative influence of climate and topography on the observed patterns of canopy foliar N using a gradient boosting model (GBM) technique. At a local scale, where climate and substrate where constant, we explored the influence of slope position on canopy N by quantifying canopy N on remnant terraces, their adjacent slopes and knife edged ridges. In addition, we climbed and sampled 540 trees and analyzed foliar N in order to quantify the role of species identity (phylogeny) and environmental factors in predicting canopy N. Observed canopy N heterogeneity reflected environmental factors working at multiple spatial scales. Across the larger landscape, elevation and precipitation had the highest relative influence on predicting canopy foliar N (30 and 24%), followed by soils (15%), site exposure (9%), compound topographic index (8%), substrate (6%), and landscape dissection (6%). Phylogeny explained ~75% of the variation in the filed collected foliar N data, suggesting that phylogeny largely underpins the response to the environmental factors. Taken together, these data suggest that a large fraction of the variance in canopy N across the landscape is proximately driven by species composition, though ultimately this is likely a response to abiotic factors such as climate and topography. Future work should focus on the mechanisms and feedbacks involved, and how shifts in climate may translate to changes in forest function.
New xyleborine (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) genus with an Afrotropical-Neotropical distribution
<p>Plant-associated arthropods have been shown to cross large oceanic distances on floating plant material and to establish themselves on distant landmasses. Xyleborini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) ambrosia beetles occur in forests worldwide and are likely capable of long range dispersal. In less than 20 million years, this group dispersed from Asia to tropical regions of Africa and South America. The phylogeny, taxonomy, and biogeography of one <em>Xyleborus </em>species group which occurs on both continents are reviewed for this study. Based on a well-resolved molecular phylogeny resulting from parsimony, likelihood, and Bayesian analyses of four gene loci, we describe a new monophyletic genus, <em>Xenoxylebora </em>Osborn, Smith & Cognato, gen. nov., for this bicontinental <em>Xyleborus </em>species group with seven Afrotropical and six Neotropical species. Six new species are described: <em>Xenoxylebora pilosa </em>Osborn, Smith & Cognato, sp. nov. from Africa, and <em>Xenoxylebora addenda </em>Osborn, Smith & Cognato, sp. nov., <em>Xenoxylebora calculosa </em>Osborn, Smith & Cognato, sp. nov., <em>Xenoxylebora hystricosa</em> Osborn, Smith & Cognato, sp. nov., <em>Xenoxylebora serrata </em>Osborn, Smith & Cognato, sp. nov., and <em>Xenoxylebora sulcata </em>Osborn, Smith & Cognato, sp. nov., from South America. Seven new combinations from <em>Xyleborus </em>are proposed: <em>Xenoxylebora caudata</em> (Schedl, 1957) comb. nov., <em>Xenoxylebora collarti</em> (Eggers, 1932) comb. nov., <em>Xenoxylebora perdiligens</em> (Schedl, 1937) comb. nov., <em>Xenoxylebora sphenos</em> (Sampson, 1912) comb. nov., <em>Xenoxylebora subcrenulata</em> (Eggers, 1932) comb. nov., and <em>Xenoxylebora syzygii</em> (Nunberg, 1959) comb. nov. from Africa, and<em> Xenoxylebora neosphenos</em> (Schedl, 1976) comb. nov. from South America. One new synonym is proposed: <em>Xenoxylebora sphenos </em>(Sampson, 1912) =<em>Xyleborus tenellus </em>Schedl, 1957 syn. nov. Descriptions, diagnoses, images, and a key to the identification of all 13 species are provided. The sequence of colonization between Africa and South America is uncertain for <em>Xenoxylebora</em>. Prevailing ocean currents and predominant locality patterns observed for other organisms suggests an African <em>Xenoxylebora</em> origin. However, the phylogeny, biogeographical analyses, and a calibrated divergence time suggests a possible South American origin for African <em>Xenoxylebora</em> (2.3 Ma, 95% HDP 4.5 – 0.6 Ma) which is supported by the occurrence of ocean counter currents between the continents and evidence of dispersal from South America to Africa among some plant and arthropod taxa. </p>
Neotropical leaf-litter beetle genus Motonerus (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae): new species, distribution data and description of third instar larva
<p>Numerous new material of the genus <em>Motonerus </em>Hansen, 1989 (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae: Sphaeridiinae) was examined over the past decade, resulting in the discovery of several undescribed species as well as new distributional records for most of the previously described species. Three species are here described as new: <em>Motonerus explanatus </em>sp. nov. (Panama), <em>M. inca </em>sp. nov. (Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia) and <em>M. sofiae </em>sp. nov. (Peru). New country records are provided for <em>M. depressus </em>Fikáček & Short (new for Venezuela, Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia), <em>M. hanseni </em>Fikáček & Short (new for Panama) and <em>M. problematicus </em>Fikáček & Short (new for Panama). An updated identification key and distributional maps are provided for all species, along with complete occurrence data in a DarwinCore formatted file. Potential distribution of the genus is modelled using the maximum entropy approach. Wing morphology is examined in detail, which revealed most species are macropterous, with <em>M. andersoni </em>Fikáček & Short being brachypterous, and <em>M. apterus </em>Fikáček & Short, <em>M. oosternoides </em>Fikáček & Short and <em>M. explanatus </em>sp. nov. micropterous. The third instar of the putative larva of <em>M. obscurus </em>Hansen is briefly described based on larvae collected in association with adults.</p>
FIG. 1 in A new species of Gieysztoria Ruebush & Hayes, 1939 (Platyhelminthes, Rhabdocoela, Dalyelliidae) from Argentina with comments on geographical distribution of the genus in the Neotropical region
FIG. 1. — Study area: A, geographical location (● Reta locality); B, sampling site.
Figure 8 in Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data
Figure 8. Representative of three comparable species of the genus Leopardus represented in the MPEG's mammal collection, showing patterns of ground coat and markings: Left: Leopardus tigrinus (MPEG 42973, BR 429, Costa Marques, Rondônia, Brazil); middle: L. guttulus (MPEG 22183, BR 290, km 141 [= 'Rio Pardo'], Eldorado do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil); right: L. wiedii (MPEG, 428, São João do Araguaia [São João], Rio Araguaia, Pará state, Brazil). Scale: 10 cm.
Figure 1 in Neotropical felid specimens at the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi: species, distribution, and morphometric data
Figure 1. Map of biomes of the Brazil with all wild felid specimens, with accurate locality data, housed in the Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi.
Figure 3 in Distribution, threats and conservation of the White-collared Kite (Leptodon forbesi, Accipitridae), the most threatened raptor in the Neotropics
Figure 3. Response curves of the four predictors variables that most contributed to the model of Leptodon forbesi. Precipitation of coldest quarter (bio 19) (mm), declivity (dec) (%), mean temperature of wettest quarter (bio 8) (°C × 10), and precipitation of wettest quarter (bio 16) (mm).
Figure 2 in Distribution, threats and conservation of the White-collared Kite (Leptodon forbesi, Accipitridae), the most threatened raptor in the Neotropics
Figure 2. (A) Potential distribution maps of Leptodon forbesi continuous model (probability of presence from 0 to 1: warmer colors show areas with better environmental conditions based on the species occurrence records (black points); (B) Binary model: suitable areas in red color (probability of presence ≥ 0.2) and forest fragments in gray color (probability of presence <0.35); (C) Forest fragments> 100 ha in suitable area, adopted here as distribution area of Leptodon forbesi.
Fig. 20 in Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini)
Fig. 20. Saileria bella. Male genitalia: vesica, right and left parameres, and genital capsule.
Fig. 9 in Description of One New Species of Chileria and Three New Species of Orthotylus, with Nomenclatural and Distributional Notes on Neotropical Orthotylinae (Heteroptera: Miridae: Orthotylini)
Fig. 9. Distribution map of Chileria andina, C. araucana, C. colla, and C. pamparum.
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