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103 results for “Nicrophorus”
Data from: Resource availability, but not polyandry, influences sibling conflict in a burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: Fitness costs of phoretic nematodes in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: No evidence of sibling cooperation in the absence of parental care in Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Body size evolution in burying beetles (Staphylinidae: Silphinae: <em>Nicrophorus</em>)
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Data from: Intergenerational effects of inbreeding in Nicrophorus vespilloides: offspring suffer fitness costs when either they or their parents are inbred
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Data from: Asynchronous hatching in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus quadripunctatus, maxmises parental fitness
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Habitat use of co-occurring burying beetles (genus Nicrophorus) in southeastern Ontario, Canada
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Data from: The effect of size and sex-ratio experiences on reproductive competition in Nicrophorus vespilloides burying beetles in the wild
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Data from: Do female Nicrophorus vespilloides reduce direct costs by choosing males that mate less frequently?
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Data from: Sibling competition does not exacerbate inbreeding depression in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: Adaptation to monogamy influences parental care but not mating behavior in the burying beetle, Nicrophorus vespilloides
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Data from: Disrupting information alters the response to a signal trait in both sexes of Nicrophorus beetles
Effective signals transfer information in a way that enhances the fitness of the sender. Signal traits are often sexually dimorphic. However, in some species males and females display similar signals, and these mutual signals are less often studied. Competition for resources occurs in both males and females, and mate choice is likely to occur whenever mates vary in quality and reproductive investment is high. Nicrophorus burying beetles compete intrasexually over the carrion resources on which they biparentally raise their young. Nicrophorus species also often have clypeal membranes which scale hyperallometrically with body size, exaggerating the apparent body size of larger individuals. To examine the potential signaling function of clypeal membranes, we examined the behavioral responses of male and female Nicrophorus orbicollis and N. pustulatus burying beetles to same- and opposite-sex social partners which had their membranes painted black or clear. We found evidence that blocking the information in clypeal membranes affected intrasexual aggressive interactions for both sexes of both species. Blocking a female's signal reduced the likelihood of mating attempts for male N. pustulatus, whilst blocking a male's signal influenced female rejection behaviors in N. orbicollis. Our results show that males and females can experience similar selection pressures, and suggest that examining mutual signals in a broader range of systems will expand our understanding of evolutionary differences and similarities between the sexes.
Data from: The smell of parents: breeding status influences cuticular hydrocarbon pattern in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
The waxy layer of the cuticle has been shown to play a fundamental role in recognition systems of insects. The biparental burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides is known to have the ability to discriminate between breeding and non-breeding conspecifics and also here cuticular substances could function as recognition cue. However, it has not yet been demonstrated that the pattern of cuticular lipids can reflect the breeding status of a beetle or of any other insect. With chemical analysis using coupled gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, we showed that the chemical signature of N. vespilloides males and females is highly complex and changes its feature with breeding status. Parental beetles were characterized by a higher amount of some unusual unsaturated hydrocarbons than beetles which are not caring for larvae. The striking correlation between cuticular profiles and breeding status suggests that cuticular hydrocarbons inform the beetles about parental state and thus enable them to discriminate between their breeding partner and a conspecific intruder. Furthermore, we found evidence that nutritional conditions also influence the cuticular profile and discuss the possibility that the diet provides the precursors for the unsaturated hydrocarbons observed in parental beetles. Our study underlines the fact that the cuticular pattern is rich of information and plays a central role in the burying beetles' communication systems.
Data from: No evidence for parent-offspring competition in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
In species where family members share a limited pool of resources, there may be competition between parents and their dependent offspring for access to these resources. Parent-offspring competition may impose a cost to family living that would constrain the evolution of parental care and family living. Yet, few studies have tested for evidence of parent-offspring competition. Here we test for parent-offspring competition in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. This species breeds on carcasses of small vertebrates that serve as food for both parents and offspring. We used a two-by-two factorial design, where we manipulated female nutritional state (food-deprivation versus control treatments) and the amount of resources (small versus large mouse carcasses). We find that food-deprived females lost more mass than controls over the 9-day long food deprivation treatment, confirming that food-deprivation caused a substantial decline in female nutritional state at the start of breeding. However, we find no evidence that increased food consumption by food-deprived females had a greater impact on offspring growth or survival when breeding on small carcasses. Instead, poor female nutritional state had a negative impact on offspring survival when females bred on large carcasses. There was more mould on the carcass when food-deprived females bred on a large carcass, suggesting that such females provided less indirect care serving to suppress microbial growth. We conclude that parent-offspring competition is associated with relatively minor costs to family members in this species, suggesting that it may not necessarily constrain the evolution of parental care and family living.
Data from: Differential effects of offspring and maternal inbreeding on egg laying and offspring performance in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides
We investigate the effect of offspring and maternal inbreeding on maternal and offspring traits associated with early offspring fitness in the burying beetle Nicrophorus vespilloides. We conducted two experiments. In the first experiment, we manipulated maternal inbreeding only (keeping offspring outbred) by generating mothers that were outbred, moderately inbred or highly inbred. Meanwhile, in the second experiment, we manipulated offspring inbreeding only (keeping females outbred) by generating offspring that were outbred, moderately inbred or highly inbred. In both experiments, we monitored subsequent effects on breeding success (number of larvae), maternal traits (clutch size, delay until laying, laying skew, laying spread and egg size) and offspring traits (hatching success, larval survival, duration of larval development, and average larval mass). Maternal inbreeding reduced breeding success, and this effect was mediated through lower hatching success and greater larval mortality. Furthermore, inbred mothers produced clutches where egg laying was less skewed towards the early part of laying than outbred females. This reduction in the skew in egg laying is beneficial for larval survival, suggesting that inbred females adjusted their laying patterns facultatively, thereby partially compensating for the detrimental effects of maternal inbreeding on offspring. Finally, we found evidence of a nonlinear effect of offspring inbreeding coefficient on number of larvae dispersing. Offspring inbreeding affected larval survival and larval development time but also unexpectedly affected maternal traits (clutch size and delay until laying), suggesting that females adjust clutch size and the delay until laying in response to being related to their mate.
Fig. 3. Standard pitfall trap design. A in Efficient New Above-Ground Bucket Traps Produce Comparable Data to that of Standard Transects for the Endangered American Burying Beetle,Nicrophorus AmericanusOlivier (Coleoptera: Silphidae)
Fig. 3. Standard pitfall trap design. A standard transect consisted of eight traps spaced 20 m.
Reproductive allocation in Nicrophorus maliger and Nicrophorus guttula
<p>Abstract: The cost of reproduction hypothesis suggests that allocation to current reproduction constrains future reproduction. How organisms accrue reproductive costs and allocate energy across their lifetime may differ among species adapted to different resource types. We test this by comparing lifetime reproductive output, patterns of reproductive allocation, and senescence between two species of burying beetles, <i>Nicrophorus marginatus </i>and <i>N. guttula, </i>that differ in body size, across a range of carcass sizes. These two species of burying beetles maximized lifetime reproductive output on somewhat different–sized resources. The larger <i>N. marginatus</i> did better on large and medium carcasses while the smaller <i>N. guttula</i> did best on small and medium carcasses. For both species, reproduction is costly and reproduction on larger carcasses reduced lifespan more than reproduction on smaller carcasses. Carcass size also affected lifetime reproductive strategies. Each species' parental investment patterns were consistent with terminal investment on carcasses on which they performed best (optimal carcass sizes). However, they exhibited reproductive restraint on carcass sizes on which they did not perform as well. Reproductive senescence occurred largely in response to carcass size. For both species, reproduction on larger carcasses resulted in more rapid senescence. These data suggest that whether organisms exhibit terminal investment or reproductive restraint may depend on type and amount of resources for reproduction.</p>
Figure 3 from: Knee W (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.21747
Figure 3 - Female Macrocheles willowae sp. n. A subcapitulum and palp, ventral aspect B chelicera, antiaxial aspect C epistome D tritosternum.
Figure 8 from: Knee W (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.21747
Figure 8 - Female Macrocheles pratum sp. n. legs I–IV, coxae omitted; leg I anterolateral, II posterolateral, III posterolateral, IV femur dorsal, genu, tibia, tarsus anterolateral.
Figure 14 from: Knee W (2017) New Macrocheles species (Acari, Mesostigmata, Macrochelidae) associated with burying beetles (Silphidae, Nicrophorus) in North America. ZooKeys 721: 1-32. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.721.21747
Figure 14 - Majority rule consensus tree of 19502 trees generated by Bayesian MCMC analysis (10 million generations) of 689bp fragment of COI from 14 ingroup specimens representing six Macrocheles species, and two outgroup specimens representing two species, posterior probabilities >50% shown above branches.
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