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Fig. 8 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 8. Detail of setae comprising hemelytral vestiture, scale bar: 50 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus. Slender and stout setae are indicated by a white or black asterisk, respectively.

Fig. 7 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 7. Pretarsus, scale bar: 50 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus.

Fig. 1 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 1. Habitus photographs of Crassomiris spp., Phallospinophylus setosus, Pygovepres vaccinicola, and Quercophylus gonoporospinus.

Fig. 6 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 6. Mesothoracic spiracle and metathoracic scent gland evaporatory area, scale bar: 200 Mm. A. Crassomiris fatisco. B. Phallospinophylus setosus. C. Pygovepres vaccinicola. D. Quercophylus gonoporospinus. E. Rubellomiris bispinosus. F. Rubeospineus truncatus.

Fig. 4 in New Genera and Species of Oak-Associated Phylini (Heteroptera: Miridae: Phylinae) from Western North America

Fig. 4. Head and male genitalic structures of Pygovepres vaccinicola and Quercophylus gonoporospinus.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2023View details →

Oak seedling microbiome assembly under climate warming and drought

Despite that climate change is currently one of the most pervasive challenges, its effects on the plant-associated microbiome is still poorly studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the independent and combinatory effect of climate warming and drought on the microbiome assembly of oak from seed to seedling. In a multifactorial experimental set up, acorns were subjected to different temperatures (15 °C, 20 °C, and 25 °C) and soil moisture levels (drought (15 %) and control (60 %)) from germination until the seedling stage, after which the bacterial and fungal communities associated to the rhizosphere and phyllosphere were characterized by amplicon sequencing and qPCR. The results showed a stronger effect of temperature on fungal than on bacterial diversity and the effect was more pronounced in the phyllosphere. Under drought condition, temperature had a significantly negative effect on phyllosphere fungal diversity. In the rhizosphere, temperature had a significant effect on the fungal community composition which was primarily caused by species turnover. Regardless of temperature, Actinobacteriota was significantly enriched in drought, a group of bacteria known to increase plant drought tolerance. This study provides new insights into the effect of climate change on the plant microbiome in natural ecosystems.

opencc-zeroMar 2022View details →

Data and R codes: species range-size variation in oaks

We used occurrence data of 183 oak species (Quercus spp.) in North and South America to test how niche breadth and niche position affect the amount of suitable habitat area, and how colonization ability and post-glacial migration lags affect range filling. This dataset includes the data and R files related to the analyses.

opencc-by-4.0Jan 2019View details →

Fig. 4 in Home Ranges Of The Red Fox, Vulpes Vulpes (Carnivora, Canidae) And European Badger, Meles Meles (Carnivora, Mustelidae), In Oak Forests Of Slobozhanshchyna, Ukraine

Fig. 4. Winter average monthly temperatures in Kharkiv City in 2007–2009 and 2011 (http://www.pogodaiklimat.ru).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

Fig. 19. Acanthocreagris iranica Beier, 1976 in A Redescription Of Acanthocreagris Iranica (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae) Inhabiting Soil Under Oak Trees In Zagros Forest, Western Iran

Fig. 19. Acanthocreagris iranica Beier, 1976: graph depicting pedipalpal femur ratio of deutonymph, tritonymphs and adults collected from Ilam and Lorestan Provinces, western Iran (mm = millimeter).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

Fig. 12–18 in A Redescription Of Acanthocreagris Iranica (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae) Inhabiting Soil Under Oak Trees In Zagros Forest, Western Iran

Fig. 12–18. Acanthocreagris iranica: 12 — female, right chela, lateral view; 13 — female, tip of fixed chelal finger (showing nodus ramosus); 14 — female, tip of movable chelal finger; 15 — male, right pedal coxa I (showing anterolateral process), ventral view; 16 — male, leg I (trochanter omitted); 17 — male, leg IV (trochanter omitted); 18 — male, tip of tarsus IV (showing claws, arolium and sub-terminal seta).

opencc-by-4.0Mar 2017View details →

Fig. 1–11 in A Redescription Of Acanthocreagris Iranica (Pseudoscorpiones, Neobisiidae) Inhabiting Soil Under Oak Trees In Zagros Forest, Western Iran

Fig. 1–11. Acanthocreagris iranica: 1 — male, carapace (showing chaetotaxy, eyes position, lyrifissures and epistome structure), dorsal view; 2 — male, anterior margin of carapace (showing setal arrangement close eyes), dorsal view; 3 — female, anterior margin of carapace (showing loss of epistome), dorsal view; 4 — tritonymph, distal part of carapace, dorsal view; 5 — deutonymph, distal part of carapace, dorsal view; 6 — male, chelicera, ventral view (rallum, serrula exterior and serrula interior omitted); 7 — male, cheliceral finger (showing teeth, serrula exterior and serrula interior); 8 — male, rallum; 9 — deutonymph, left pedipalp, dorsal view; 10 — tritonymph, left pedipalp, dorsal view; 11— male, left pedipalp, dorsal view.

opencc-zeroMay 2022View details →

Data from: Speciation in Nearctic oak gall wasps is frequently correlated with changes in host plant, host organ, or both

Quantifying the frequency of shifts to new host plants within diverse clades of specialist herbivorous insects is critically important to understand whether and how host shifts contribute to the origin of species. Oak gall wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) comprise a tribe of ~1000 species of phytophagous insects that induce gall formation on various organs of trees in the family Fagacae —primarily the oaks (genus Quercus; ~435 sp). The association of oak gall wasps with oaks is ancient (~50 my), and most oak species are galled by one or more gall wasp species. Despite the diversity of both gall wasp species and their plant associations, previous phylogenetic work has not identified the strong signal of host plant shifting among oak gall wasps that has been found in other phytophagous insect systems. However, most emphasis has been on the Western Palearctic and not the Nearctic where both oaks and oak gall wasps are considerably more species rich. We collected 86 species of Nearctic oak gall wasps from 10 of the 14 major clades of Nearctic oaks and sequenced >1000 Ultra Conserved Elements (UCEs) and flanking sequences to infer wasp phylogenies. We assessed the relationships of Nearctic gall wasps to one another and, by leveraging previously published UCE data, to the Palearctic fauna. We then used phylogenies to infer historical patterns of shifts among host tree species and tree organs. Our results indicate that oak gall wasps have moved between the Palearctic and Nearctic at least four times, that some Palearctic wasp clades have their proximate origin in the Nearctic, and that gall wasps have shifted within and between oak tree sections, subsections, and organs considerably more often than previous data have suggested. Given that host shifts have been demonstrated to drive reproductive isolation between host-associated populations in other phytophagous insects, our analyses of Nearctic gall wasps suggest that host shifts are key drivers of speciation in this clade, especially in hotspots of oak diversity. Though formal assessment of this hypothesis requires further study, two putatively oligophagous gall wasp species in our dataset show signals of host-associated genetic differentiation unconfounded by geographic distance, suggestive of barriers to gene flow associated with the use of alternative host plants.

opencc-zeroJun 2022View details →

Joint analysis of microsatellites and flanking sequences enlightens complex demographic history of interspecific gene flow and vicariance in rear-edge oak populations

Inference of recent population divergence requires fast evolving markers and necessitates to differentiate shared genetic variation caused by ancestral polymorphism and gene flow. Theoretical research shows that the use of compound marker systems integrating linked polymorphisms with different mutational dynamics, such as a microsatellite and its flanking sequences, can improve estimation of population structure and inference of demographic history, especially in the case of complex population dynamics. However, empirical application in natural populations has so far been limited by lack of suitable methods for data collection. A solution comes from the development of sequence-based microsatellite genotyping which we used to study molecular variation at 36 sequenced nuclear microsatellites in seven Quercus canariensis and four Q. faginea rear-edge populations across Algeria. We aim to decipher their taxonomic relationship, past evolutionary history and recent demographic trajectory. First, we compare the estimation of population genetics parameters and simulation-based inference of demographic history from microsatellite sequence alone, flanking sequence alone or the combination of linked microsatellite and flanking sequence variation. Second, we apply random forest approximate Bayesian computation to identify which of these sequence types is most informative. Whereas analysing microsatellite variation alone indicates recent interspecific gene flow, additional information gained by integrating nucleotide variation in flanking sequences, by reducing homoplasy, suggests ancient interspecific gene flow followed by drift in isolation instead. The weight of each polymorphism in the inference also demonstrates the value of linked variations with contrasted mutation dynamic to improve estimation of both demographic and mutational parameters.

opencc-zeroJul 2022View details →

Data from: Diversity among rare and common congeneric plant species from the Garry oak and Okanagan shrub-steppe ecosystems in British Columbia: implications for conservation

Using universal non-coding chloroplast DNA markers (cpDNA), we investigated genetic diversity and genetic structure in four rare and common plant species pairs inhabiting threatened ecosystems (Garry Oak and Okanagan shrub-steppe) in British Columbia. The species found in the Garry oak ecosystem are: Sanicula bipinnatifida (purple sanicle; Apiaceae; rare), Sanicula crassicaulis (Pacific sanicle; Apiaceae; common), and Balsamorhiza deltoidea (deltoid balsamroot; Asteraceae; rare). The species found in the Okanagan shrub-steppe ecosystem are: Balsamorhiza sagittata (arrowleaf balsamroot; Asteraceae; common), Orthocarpus barbatus (Grand Coulee owl-clover; Orobanchaceae; rare), Orthocarpus luteus (yellow owl-clover; Orobanchaceae; common), Phacelia ramosissima (branching phacelia; Hydrophyllaceae; rare), and Phacelia linearis (thread-leaved phacelia; Hydrophyllaceae; common). Eight cpDNA regions were sequenced for each study species. Sequences were aligned and concatenated within each species, and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to analyze patterns of regional genetic diversity and phylogeographic structure within genera and species. Results include: total gene diversity (Ht), nucleotide diversity (π), number of private alleles, haplotype networks, isolation by distance, and analysis of molecular variance.

opencc-by-4.0Feb 2022View details →

Ungulates mitigate the effects of drought and shrub encroachment on the fire hazard of Mediterranean oak woodlands

Dataset included:  Shrub density; Shrub biomass; Fuel load of Cistus ladanifer; Fuel load herbs; Fuel load litter

opencc-by-4.0May 2015View details →

The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty. in Fowler's Toad (Anaxyrus fowleri) occupancy in the southern mid-Atlantic, USA

The Provincelands of Cape Cod National Seashore, Barnstable County, Massachusetts, USA. The reddish vegetation in the center of the photo is a cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon) bog, a wetland used for breeding by the Fowler's toad. The surrounding landscape is ideal for the Fowler's toad and supports one of the largest populations of this species in the United States. The landscape contains a patchwork of sand, pitch pine (Pinus rigida), scrub oak (Quercus ilicifolia), and dune grass (Ammophila breviligulata). Photo by Rebecca Flaherty.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 1 in Phylogenetic placement of a recently discovered population of the threatened alpine she-oak skink Cyclodomorphus praealtus (Squamata: Scincidae) in Victoria

Figure 1: Elevation map of the mainland Australian alpine region indicating the five major populations of Cyclodomorphus praealtus, including the new location of Wellington Plains. Elevation is indicated by light, mid and dark grey areas at 500 m intervals, with highest elevations at or above 1500 m above sea level. Adapted from fig. 1; Koumoundouros et al. (2009).

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 3 in Phylogenetic placement of a recently discovered population of the threatened alpine she-oak skink Cyclodomorphus praealtus (Squamata: Scincidae) in Victoria

Figure 3: Population structure of Victorian Cyclodomorphus praealtus according to ND4 mitochondrial haplotype network. Black indicates individuals from Lankey Plain, dark grey indicates those from Mt Hotham, white indicates those from Bogong High Plains and diagonal stripes indicate those from Wellington Plains. The network structure indicates 3 haplogroups (i, ii and iii) within Victoria. Each circle represents a unique haplotype, with the circle size indicative of frequency and sample sizes within each circle. Empty circles represent missing haplotypes and differ by one base pair from the closest haplotype.

opencc-by-4.0Dec 2021View details →

Figure 2 in Phylogenetic placement of a recently discovered population of the threatened alpine she-oak skink Cyclodomorphus praealtus (Squamata: Scincidae) in Victoria

Figure 2: A Bayesian consensus tree of the mtDNA ND4 sequences, depicting the relationship between unique haplotypes at each locality (Bogong High Plains, Lankey Plain, Mt Hotham, Wellington Plains and Kosciuszko National Park) for Cyclodomorphus praealtus. Bayesian posterior probabilities are shown at major nodes.