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FIG. 11. — Sinularia tessieri n in Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new species of the genus Sinularia May, 1898 and notes on the occurrence of other species

FIG. 11. — Sinularia tessieri n. sp., holotype (ZMTAU Co 34502): A, spindles of interior lobules; B, C, tubercles on spindles of interior lobules; B, complex tubercles; C, simple tubercles; D, spindles of interior base; E, complex tubercles on spindle of interior base. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIG. 1 in Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new species of the genus Sinularia May, 1898 and notes on the occurrence of other species

FIG. 1. — Map of Reunion showing locations of study sites: 1, Saint-Paul, Pointe des Aigrettes; 2, Saint-Paul, Pain de Sucre (Maharani); 3, Saint-Paul, Tours de Boucan; 4, Saint-Paul, Planch' Alizés; 5, Saint-Paul, l'Ermitage face au ponton au kiosque; 6, Saint-Leu, Récif des Colimaçons; 7, Saint-Paul, Cap la Houssaye; 8, Saint-Leu, Pointe au Sel; 9, Saint-Pierre, Terre Sainte; 10, Saint-Leu, Pointe des Châteaux; 11, Saint-Leu, Récif Pointe au Sel; 12, Passe de l'Ermitage; 13, l'Ermitage, 30 km from St-Denis; 14, Grande Ravine; 15, Saint-Leu, Place Arche; 16, Anse des Cascades.

FIG. 16 in Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new species of the genus Sinularia May, 1898 and notes on the occurrence of other species

FIG. 16. — Live colonies of: A, Sinularia muralis May, 1899; B, Sinularia nanolobata Verseveldt, 1977; C, Sinularia numerosa Tixier-Durivault, 1970; D, Sinularia peculiaris Tixier-Durivault,1970; E, Sinularia shlagmani n. sp.; F, G, Sinularia tessieri n. sp.; F, with extended polyps; G, with retracted polyps.

FIG. 13 in Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new species of the genus Sinularia May, 1898 and notes on the occurrence of other species

FIG. 13. — Live colonies of: A, B, Lobophytum depressum Tixier-Durivault, 1966; A, with extended polyps; B, with retracted polyps; C, D, Lobophytum latilobatum Verseveldt, 1971; C, with extended polyps; D, with retracted polyps; E, Lobophytum pauciflorum (Ehrenberg, 1834); F, Rhytisma fulvum fulvum (Forskål, 1775).

FIG. 15 in Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new species of the genus Sinularia May, 1898 and notes on the occurrence of other species

FIG. 15. — Live colonies of: A, Sinularia brassica May, 1898; B, Sinularia densa Whitelegge, 1897; C, Sinularia erecta Tixier-Durivault, 1945; D, Sinularia gibberosa Tixier-Durivault, 1970; E, Sinularia hirta (Pratt, 1903); F, Sinularia molesta Tixier-Durivault, 1970.

FIG. 8. — Sinularia tessieri n in Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new species of the genus Sinularia May, 1898 and notes on the occurrence of other species

FIG. 8. — Sinularia tessieri n. sp.: A, holotype (ZMTAU Co 34502); B, paratype (RMNH Coel 40120). Scale bar: 10 mm.

FIG. 3 in Octocorals (Cnidaria, Anthozoa) from Reunion, with a description of two new species of the genus Sinularia May, 1898 and notes on the occurrence of other species

FIG. 3. — Sarcophyton subviride Tixier-Durivault, 1958 (ZMTAU Co 34408): A, scale- and rod sclerites of tentacle; B, point sclerites of polyp; C, D, sclerites of polyparium; C, clubs of surface layer; D, tubercular spindles of interior. Scale bars: 0.10 mm.

Figure 9 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 9. Holotype of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. (A) Preserved alcohol colony, detail and a dry colony paratype; (B) spiny bent spindles from the surface layer; (C) polyp sclerites; (D) capstans from the inner layer; (E) spindles from the inner layer. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (B–E).

Figure 7 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 7. SEM stereopairs of Pinnigorgia flava (Nutting). (A–C) C11661, scales; (D–F) P. USNM 92320. Scale bars: 0.02 mm (A–C, E, F); 0.01 mm (D).

Figure 10 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 10. Colony of Tobagogorgia hardyi, gen. et sp. nov. off Bobby Island, 30 m, Tobago, Trinidad and Tobago, March 2006. Inset: complete colony.

Figure 6 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 6. SEM stereopairs of Muriceopsis sulphurea Donovan (USNM 5298), Brazil. (A) Detail from (C) of the warts from sclerites of the surface coenenchyme; (B–H) different forms from the sclerites of the surface. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (A); 0.1 mm (B–D, F, H); 0.02 mm (E, G).

Figure 4 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 4. SEM stereopairs and/or images of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme layer of species of gorgoniids with capstan-derived sclerites (Clade 2). (A) Lophogorgia hebes Verrill, stereopair (USNM); (B) Lophogorgia alba Duchassaing and Michelotti (USNM 57091); (C) Phycogorgia fucata (Valenciennes) (USNM 56885); (D) Eugorgia rubens Verrill (USNM 50180); (E) Pseudopterogorgia australiensis (Ridley) (USNM 80952); (F) Leptogorgia virgulata (Lamarck) (USNM 1007414); (G) Pacifigorgia stenobrochis (Horn) (Eastern Pacific, personal collection). Scale bars: 0.01 mm (A, C, F, G); 0.02 mm (B, D, E).

Figure 5 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 5. Photographs of gorgonian corals from gorgoniids with asymmetrical spiny sclerites (Clade 3) in their natural environment or dry preserved. (A) Muriceopsis flavida (Lamarck) (Caribbean Sea, Bocas del Toro, Panama´; 15 m); (B) M. bayeriana Sánchez (Caribbean Sea, Bocas del Toro, Panama´; 2 m); (C, D) Pinnigorgia platysoma (Nutting) (Northern Territory Museum, Darwin, Australia; C11674; C12123); (E) P. flava (Nutting) (C11661). (C–E) Courtesy: Phil Alderslade.

Figure 3 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 3. SEM stereopairs and/or images of sclerites from the surface coenenchyme layer of species of gorgoniids with scaphoids sclerites (Clade 1). (A) Pseudopterogorgia acerosa (Tobago), stereopair; (B) Gorgonia mariae Bayer, stereopair (USNM 1007505); (C) Olindogorgia macgravi (Bayer); (D) Pterogorgia anceps (personal collection); (E, F) Pterogorgia citrina (USNM 1007406). Scale bars: 0.01 mm (A, C, E, F); 0.003 mm (B); 0.04 mm (D).

Figure 1 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 1. Phylogenetic hypothesis (maximum likelihood estimated phylogram) of Atlantic gorgoniids, modified from Aguilar and Sánchez (2007a, Figure 4A). The ''Undescribed octocoral'' refers to the new genus and species described below. Above node letters: A, support corresponding to values.90 in 100 bootstrap maximum likelihood replicates, 1000 bootstrap values in maximum parsimony together with values over 0.9 posterior probabilities of Bayesian inference; B, support corresponding to values.90 in 100 bootstrap maximum likelihood replicates but lesser values for maximum parsimony or Bayesian inference (,70 or 0.70, respectively); C, support corresponding to values,70 in 100 bootstrap maximum likelihood replicates but higher values for maximum parsimony or Bayesian inference (,90 or 0.90, respectively). Character mapping: grey bars, gorgoniids with scaphoid sclerites (Clade 1); open bars-dotted, gorgoniids with capstan-derived sclerites (Clade 2); grid bars, gorgoniids with asymmetrical spiny sclerites (Clade 3); black bars, gorgoniids with long and spiny spindles (Clade 4). Scale in substitutions per site. *Pinnigorgia and Muriceopsis are also supported by a complete compensatory base change in their RNA secondary structure, a rare evolutionary event (see Aguilar and Sánchez 2007a).

Figure 2 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 2. Diverse species of gorgoniids. (A) Phyllogorgia dillatata (Brazil, USNM 5252); (B) Gorgonia mariae (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize); (C) G. ventalina (San Salvador, Bahamas); (D) Pacifigorgia elegans (Brazil, USNM 50953); (E) P. agassizi (Colombia, Invemar collection); (F) Pseudopterogorgia sp. (Carrie Bow Cay, Belize); (G) Pterogorgia anceps; (H) Leptogorgia stheno (Bocas del Toro, Panama´).

Figure 8 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 8. SEM stereopairs of Pinnigorgia platysoma (Nutting). (A–C) C12123; (D–F) C11674. Scale bars: 0.01 mm (A–C, E, F); 0.02 mm (D).

Figure 12 in A new genus of Atlantic octocorals (Octocorallia: Gorgoniidae): systematics of gorgoniids with asymmetric sclerites

Figure 12. Surface sclerites of several gorgonian corals. (A–D) Tobagorgia hardyi new species; (E, F) Filigorgia schoutedeni (Stiasny); (G) Leptogorgia virgulata Linnaeus. (A–F) SEM stereopairs. Scale bars: 0.02 mm.

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FIGURE 5 Combined 28S in The stoloniferous octocoral, Hanabira yukibana, gen. nov., sp. nov., of the southern Ryukyus has morphological and symbiont variation

FIGURE 5 Combined 28S rDNA+COI+mtMutS+ND6 phylogenetic reconstruction for 35 clavulariid specimens, including Hanabira yukibana, gen nov., sp. nov., and Clavularia spp. from Okinawa (OKA) and Irio- mote (IRI) Islands and sister taxa, Knopia octocontacanalis Alderslade & Mcfadden, 2007. Parasphaerasclera rotifera and Eleutherobia grayi were used as outgroup. The best maximum likelihood tree is shown, with values at branches representing bootstrap probabilities (>50%) and posterior probabilities from the Bayesian inference (>0.50), respectively. Polyp variation for H. yukibana is illustrated for the three groups by colour and corresponding in situ photographs. Photograph credit: in situ image NTM C15392 Knopia octocontacanalis, by Frances Dipper (modified from Alderslade & McFadden, 2007, reproduced with permission from copyright holder). Mutualistic Symbiodiniaceae (genera Cladocopium and Durusdinium) found in H. yukibana specimens are displayed in green shades and sclerite types unique to each genus are also shown. Photograph credit: sclerite images NTM C15392 Knopia octocontacanalis, modified from Alderslade & McFadden, 2007, reproduced with permission from copyright holder. Downloaded from Brill. com10/17/2022 12:54:44PM via free access