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244 results for “Páramos”
Contribuciones de la participación en integridad científica. Caso delimitación del páramo de Santurbán (2013-2016)
<p>Tipo de investigación: Estudio de caso<br> Objetivo general: Analizar la forma en que la participación ciudadana contribuyó a la Integridad Científica. Para ello, se utilizó como estudio de caso la delimitación del páramo de Santurbán<br> Grupo objetivo: Personas entre 25 y 60 años que manifestaron que participaron en el proceso de delimitación del páramo de Santurbán en el periodo 2013-2016 y se identifican en una de las cuatro aspas de la cuádruple hélice (Academia, sociedad civil, Estado y sector productivo).<br> Fecha de recolección de datos: Del 9 al 29 de marzo de 2021<br> Técnica de Recolección: Sondeo basado en un listado de 249 personas que identificamos que posiblemente habían participado en el proceso de delimitación del páramo de Santurbán (2013-2016). La investigación se hizo con base en 54 encuestas recibidas, es decir, 22% del universo.<br> Temas a los que se refiere: Contribución de la participación ciudadana de actores que se identifican con una de las aspas de la cuádruple hélice (Academia, sociedad civil, Estado y sector productivo) a la integridad científica con base en el proceso de preparación de insumos para la delimitación del páramo de Santurbán (2013-2016)<br> Parámetros a estimar o calcular: Totales, promedios y proporciones para los actores de la cuádruple hélice (estado, industria, academia o sociedad civil) que participaron en la definición del páramo de Santurbán<br> Fuente de información: Primaria<br> Cobertura temática: Características Generales, Acceso a la información Participación Acceso y Participación</p>
FIGURE 5 in Anticyphon gen. nov., a new genus of Scirtidae (Coleoptera: Scirtoidea) inhabiting high altitude Andean cloud forests and páramo formation
FIGURE 5. Anticyphon oyonensis sp. nov., abdomen. A) male, B) female.
FIGURE 28 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURE 28. Details of adult morphology of high-Andean Stigmella, Nepticulidae.
FIGURE 27 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURE 27. Distribution map of the high-Andean Nepticulidae with height records.
Canasteras, canastos y paisaje en el macizo de los páramos de Mamapacha y Bijagual en el sur oriente de Boyacá
<p> </p> <p>Normalmente, en la vida cotidiana, el arte o en algunas perspectivas académicas la trayectoria que se emplea para comprender el paisaje se ha enfocado desde el afuera: el paisaje que se contempla –a la distancia–, se plasma y se describe. A través de esta presentación, se hará un recorrido para entenderlo desde otra perspectiva: desde las mujeres que, con la gaita (Rhipidocladium geminatum), planta que nace entre los páramos de Mamapacha-Bijagual tejen canastos en las montañas altoandinas boyacenses. El oficio de hacer canastos se denomina en el espacio rural como “canastear”, en diferentes lugares al interior de las veredas de Colombia se canastea pero canastear con la gaita, se hace de una manera particular y alberga toda una serie de prácticas que son indivisibles al espacio, al páramo, las montañas y los caminos. Es en este sentido, que se presenta al paisaje como un medio para el pensamiento antropológico y para comprender que los objetos o la vida material lo construyen a través de la forma en que acoplan de diferentes espacialidades, prácticas y tecnologías. Es así que compartiré los caminos que se trazaron al seguir la invitación a explorar la ecología de los materiales e incluir la sutileza de la forma de vida orgánica para comprender las conexiones, lugares o memorias, por los cuales se transforma la materia para convertirse en un canasto. Así mismo, cómo a través de estas trayectorias se plantea un marco de ideas desde los cuales se conceptualizan los objetos que nacen en el campo como el encuentro de ciertos atributos espaciales que tienen un lugar y un marco de relaciones especificas con elementos vivos, con naturalezas y tecnologías que fluyen a través del cuerpo y del habitar que nos permiten cuestionar los límites de lo humano, las relaciones que establecemos con la naturaleza y sobre cómo otras especies nos constituyen.</p>
Phylogenetic diversity and endemism of the vascular flora of the páramo ecoregion
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Heterogeneous trait responses of Páramo plant species and community to experimental warming
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The fate of páramo plant assemblages in the sky islands of the northern Andes - Appendix S1. Vegetation and occurrence data used in this study
<p><strong>Aims:</strong> Assessing climate change impacts on biodiversity is a main scientific challenge, especially in the tropics, therefore, we predicted the future of plant species and communities on the unique páramo sky islands. We implemented the <i>Spatially Explicit Species Assemblage Modelling</i> framework, by i) calculating species' maximum dispersal distance, ii) modelling species distributions at present up to 2100, iii) assembling models into communities. Finally, we assessed the vulnerability of sky islands based on richness and composition changes.</p> <p><strong>Location: </strong>Ecuadorian super-páramo (>4200 m)</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> Using species trait data, the maximum dispersal distance of 435 species was calculated. Species distribution models (SDM) were fitted to obtain current and future distribution predictions based on dispersal and bioclimatic factors. The final assemblages for present and 2100 were achieved by stacking all probabilistic SDMs and applying the probability ranking rule. The vulnerability of each sky island was evaluated by quantifying richness and composition changes.</p> <p><strong>Results: </strong>Maximum dispersal distances ranged between 0.008-6027 m/year, and across all scenarios, 70% of models showed a net loss in species distribution while 9% of all species were predicted to undergo extinction by 2100. Local richness was estimated to decrease by 56.63% on average, and composition changes in each sky island suggested a mean loss of 64.74% of their original species pool against a 12.97% gain. Finally, 5% of the sky island floras reconverted from high-elevation to low-elevation species. These numbers were usually more important for high-elevation species and the mountains Pichincha, Ilinizas and Antisana.</p> <p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study is methodologically pioneer and provides novel insight on the future of páramo biodiversity. Significant losses in species distribution and changes in community richness and composition suggest drastic impacts and call for further study considering additional factors, such as land-use. Finally, we recommend focusing monitoring and conservation strategies on the northern sky islands in priority.</p>
Data from: On the causes of rapid diversification in the Páramos: Isolation by ecology and genomic divergence in Espeletia
How diversity arises and what is the relative role of allopatric and ecological divergence are among the most persistent questions in evolution and ecology. Here, we assessed whether ecological divergence has enhanced the diversification of the Neotropical alpine plant complex Espeletia, also known as frailejones. This genus has one of the highest diversification rates ever reported and is distributed in the world's fastest evolving biodiversity hotspot, the Páramo (Neotropical alpine grasslands at elevations of c. 2800–4700 m). Our goal was to determine whether ecology plays a role in divergence within the Espeletia complex by quantifying genome-wide patterns of ecological divergence. We characterized 162 samples of the three most common and contrasting ecotypes (distinct morphotypes occupying particular habitats) co-occurring in six localities in the northern Andes using Genotyping by Sequencing. Contrasting ecotypes were caulescent cloud forest populations, caulescent populations from wind-sheltered and well-irrigated depressions and acaulescent populations from wind-exposed drier slopes. We found high polymorphism with a total of 1,273 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that defined the relationships among nine genetic clusters. We quantified allelic associations of these markers with localities and habitats using 18 different general and mixed-effects statistical models that accounted for phylogenetic distance. Despite that these models always yielded more SNPs associated with the localities, markers associated with the habitat types were recovered too. We found strong evidence for isolation-by-distance (IBD) across populations despite rampant gene flow, as expected for plant groups with limited seed dispersal. Contrasts between populations of different habitat types showed that an isolation-by-environment (IBE) trend emerged and masked the IBD signal. Maximum likelihood estimation of the number of migrants per generation (Nem) among ecotypes confirmed the IBE pattern. This result illustrates the importance of mountains' environmental variation at a local scale in generating rapid morphological radiations and maintaining multiple adaptations in a fast-evolving ecosystem like the Páramo.
Data from: Community trees: identifying codiversification in the páramo dipteran community
Groups of codistributed species that responded in a concerted manner to environmental events are expected to share patterns of evolutionary diversification. However, the identification of such groups has largely been based on qualitative, post hoc analyses. We develop here two methods (PPS, K-F ANOVA) for the analysis of codistributed species that, given a group of species with a shared pattern of diversification, allow empiricists to identify those taxa that do not codiversify (i.e., "outlier" species). The identification of outlier species makes it possible to jointly estimate the evolutionary history of co-diversifying taxa. To evaluate the approaches presented here, we collected data from Páramo dipterans, identified outlier species, and estimated a "community tree" from species that are identified as having co-diversified. Our results demonstrate that dipteran communities from different Páramo habitats in the same mountain range are more closely related than communities in other ranges. We also conduct simulation testing to evaluate this approach. Results suggest that our approach provides a useful addition to comparative phylogeographic methods, while identifying aspects of the analysis that require careful interpretation. In particular, both the PPS and K-F ANOVA perform acceptably when there are one or two outlier species, but less so as the number of outliers increase. This is likely a function of the corresponding degradation of the signal of community divergence; without a strong signal from a co-diversifying community, there is no dominant pattern from which to detect and outlier species. For this reason, both the magnitude of K-F distance distribution and outside knowledge about the phylogeographic history of each putative member of the community should be considered when interpreting results.
FIGURES 266–268. The South American transition zone. 266 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 266–268. The South American transition zone. 266, the Neotropical and Ando-Patagonian regions; 267, high Andean Nepticulidae species were described from two biogeographical provinces: the Páramo and Puna; 268, The South American transition zone (after Morrone 2014, 2015) which, following Morrone (2015), includes the Páramo, Puna, Nazca (or Desert sensu Morrone 2015), Atacama, Prepuna and Monte provinces but in our monograph was considered as belonging to the Ando-Patagonian Region (the Andean region sensu Morrone 2015).
FIGURES 250–255 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 250–255. Bionomics of Stigmella calceolarifoliae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 250, 251, host-plant Calceolaria sp. (Calceolariaceae); 252–255, leaf-mines.
FIGURES 245–249 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 245–249. Stigmella calceolarifoliae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 245, holotype, male adult; 246, holotype, male genitalia, slide no. AD650, phallus; 247, same, capsule with phallus removed; 248, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 249, paratype, female genitalia, slide no. AD649 (ZMUC).
FIGURES 238–244 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 238–244. Bionomics of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 238, host-plant Clinopodium axillare (Rusby) Harley (Lamiaceae: Mentheae); 239–244, leaf-mines.
FIGURES 234–237 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 234–237. Female genitalia of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 234, general view, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD653; 231, same, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD651; 236, same, accessory sac and ductus spermathecae with curved sclerite; 237, apophyses, paratype, genitalia slide no. AD652 (ZMUC).
FIGURES 218–223 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 218–223. Genitalia of Stigmella ageratinae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 218, paratype, male genitalia, slide no. AD595, apical processes of valvae; 219, same, spined apex of phallus; 220, same, transtilla; 221, holotype, female genitalia, slide no. AD596, pectinations of bursa; 222, same, apophyses; 223, same, general view (ZMUC).
FIGURES 230–233 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 230–233. Male genitalia of Stigmella clinopodiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 230, holotype, genitalia slide no. AD646, capsule with phallus removed; 231, same, focused from ventral to more dorsal view; 232, 233, same, phallus (ZMUC).
FIGURES 200–203 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 200–203. Male genitalia of Stigmella kristenseni Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov., holotype, temporary genitalia mount in glycerol. 200, valvae, ventral view; 201, same, lateral view; 202, 203, same, dorsal view (ZMUC).
FIGURES 227–229 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 227–229. Bionomics of Stigmella ageratinae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. 224, 226, host-plant Ageratina pentlandiana (DC.) R.M. King & H. Rob. (Asteraceae); 225, 227–229, leaf-mines.
FIGURES 259–265 in Leaf-mining Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) from record high altitudes: documenting an entire new fauna in the Andean páramo and puna
FIGURES 259–265. Known leaf-mines on Polylepis. 259, 260, Stigmella polylepiella Diškus & Stonis on Polylepis racemosa Ruiz & Pav., Peru, 60 km NW of Cuzco, Ollantaytambo, elevation 2850 m; 261–263, documentated leaf-mines of unknown Nepticulidae taxon on Polylepis racemosa Ruiz & Pav., Peru, Junin Province, Ondores, elevation 4100 m; 264, 265, Stigmella species 763 and species 764, mixed leaf-mines on Polylepis pauta Hieron., Ecuador, Pangor Canyon, 30 km NE Pallatanga, elevation 3025–3400 m (after Stonis et al. 2016b).
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