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FIG. 2 in First occurrences of Palaeogale von Meyer, 1846 in the Pacific Northwest, United States
FIG. 2. — Skull of Palaeogale sp. (JODA 13221): A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, left lateral view; D, right lateral view. Scale bars: 1 cm.
FIG. 1 in First occurrences of Palaeogale von Meyer, 1846 in the Pacific Northwest, United States
FIG. 1. — Map of distributions of North American Palaeogale von Meyer, 1846 specimens both published and from museum records. Localities are colour coded by North American Land Mammal Age. Black shaded area represents Oregon. Distribution data downloaded from Paleobiology Database (https://paleobiodb. org/) and iDigBio (https://www.idigbio.org/) on 23 April 2020. The Texas occurrence is reported in Albright (1996).
FIG. 4 in First occurrences of Palaeogale von Meyer, 1846 in the Pacific Northwest, United States
FIG. 4. — Bivariate plot of anterior-posterior length (APL) and transverse width (TW) of Palaeogale carnassials: A, upper fourth premolar (P4); B, lower first molar (m1). Points are colour coded by species and labelled with their specimen numbers. All measurements are in mm and can be found in Tables 1 and 2.
The role of multiple Pleistocene refugia in promoting diversification in the Pacific Northwest
<p>Pleistocene glacial cycles drastically changed the distributions of taxa endemic to temperate rainforests in the Pacific Northwest, with many experiencing reduced habitat suitability during glacial periods. In this study, we investigate whether glacial cycles promoted intraspecific divergence and whether subsequent range changes led to secondary contact and gene flow. For seven invertebrate species endemic to the PNW, we estimated Species Distribution Models (SDMs) and projected them onto current and historical climate conditions to assess how habitat suitability changed during glacial cycles. Using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data from these species, we assessed population genetic structure and used a machine-learning approach to compare models with and without gene flow between populations upon secondary contact after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Finally, we estimated divergence times and rates of gene flow between populations. SDMs suggest that there was less suitable habitat in the North Cascades and Northern Rocky Mountains during glacial compared to interglacial periods, resulting in reduced habitat suitability and habitat fragmentation during the LGM. Our genomic data identify population structure in all taxa and support gene flow upon secondary contact in five of the seven taxa. Parameter estimates suggest that population divergences date to the later Pleistocene for most populations. Our results support the role of refugial dynamics in driving intraspecific divergence in the Cascades Range. In these invertebrates, population structure often does not correspond to current biogeographic or environmental barriers. Rather, population structure may reflect refugial lineages that have since expanded their ranges, often leading to secondary contact between once isolated lineages.</p>
Random forest climatic modeling of agricultural insurance loss across the inland Pacific Northwest region of the United States
<p>We compared climatic relationships to insurance loss across the inland Pacific Northwest region of the United States, using a design matrix methodology, to identify optimum temporal windows for climate variables by county in relationship to wheat insurance loss due to drought. The results of our temporal window construction for water availability variables (precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, and the Palmer drought severity index [PDSI]) identified spatial patterns across the study area that aligned with regional climate patterns, particularly with regards to drought-prone counties of eastern Washington. Using these optimum time-lagged correlational relationships between insurance loss and individual climate variables, along with commodity pricing, we constructed a regression-based random forest model for insurance loss prediction and evaluation of climatic feature importance. Our cross-validated model results indicated that PDSI was the most important factor in predicting total seasonal wheat/drought insurance loss, with wheat pricing and potential evapotranspiration having noted contributions. Our overall regional model had a R<sup>2</sup> of 0.49 and a RMSE of $30.8 million. Model performance typically underestimated annual losses, with moderate spatial variability in terms of performance between counties.</p>
FIGURE 16 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 16. Maximum likelihood tree inferred from the concatenated, eight-gene matrix. Numbers of the branches are maximum likelihood bootstrap percentages. Outgroups omitted. Scale bar 0.1 units, as calculated by IQ-TREE.
FIGURE 12 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 12. Parameres of Medusapyga chehalis, voucher JRL012. (A) left paramere, (B) right paramere. Scale bar 100 µm.
FIGURE 18 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 18. Habitats of Medusapyga. (A) Habitat of Medusapyga alsea: USA, Oregon, Benton Co., Prairie Peak, 11 km south of Alsea, 44.2844°N 123.5858°W, 810 m elevation [Type locality] 20 March 2010. (B) Habitat of M. chehalis: USA, Washington, Thurston Co., 11 km NW of Littlerock, approximately 0.4 km SSW of the type locality, 46.9564°N 123.1366°W, 315 m elevation, 2 April 2022.
Figure 6 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
Figure 6. Female genitalia of Medusapyga alsea from the type locality, ventral view. (A) Overview of voucher V101505. Scale bar 100 µm. (B) Closeup of voucher V101504, showing bifurcate setae on laterotergites. Scale bar 50 µm.
FIGURE 4 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 4. Left profemora, anterior view. (A) Medusapyga alsea, male. (B) M. alsea, female. (C) M. chehalis, male. (D) M. chehalis, female. Scale bars 100 µm.
FIGURE 1 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 1. (A) Female of Medusapyga alsea from the type locality. (B) Female of M. chehalis from USA, Washington, Thurston Co., 11 km NW of Littlerock, approximately 0.4 km SSW of the type locality, 46.9564°N 123.1366°W, 315 m elevation. Both specimens were freshly killed, and then posed and photographed on soil from their habitats. Scale bars 1 mm.
FIGURE 11 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 11. Male aedeagus, left lateral view. (A) Medusapyga alsea, voucher JRL002. (B) M. alsea, voucher JRL013. (C) M. chehalis, voucher JRL012. (D) M. chehalis, voucher JRL010. Scale bar 100 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 3. Dorsal habitus of female Anillaspis explanata from USA: California: El Dorado Co., Alabaster Cave (CMNH). Scale bar 1 mm.
FIGURE 17 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 17. Female genitalia of three other genera of North American Anillini, ventral view. (A) Anillinus cf. barberi Jeannel, voucher V101515, from USA: West Virginia, Pocahontas Co. Monongahela NF. Kennison Mtn Trail, off Hwy 39 W of Cranberry Glades. 38.19114°N 80.28524°W. 10-June-2019. C.W. Harden. (B) Anillodes debilis voucher V101485, from the Santa Cruz Mtns, California (NMNH). (C) Anillaspis explanata from Alabaster Cave, El Dorado County, California (CMNH).
FIGURE 10 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 10. Ventral surface of basal two protarsomeres of male Medusapyga alsea. Protarsomere 1 is to the left of center, and protarsomere 2 to the right of center. (A) Protarsomere 1 showing two rows of adhesive setae, and protarsomere 2 showing one row of adhesive setae with partially separated apices. (B) From a second specimen, showing the fusion of apices of both rows of adhesive setae on protarsomere 1, and the fusion of apices of all setae on protarsomere 2. Scale bars 25 µm.
Figure 5 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
Figure 5 (above). Male right protarsi, dorsal view. (A) Medusapyga alsea. (B) M. chehalis. The view of the two specimens is not exactly equivalent, which accounts for some differences between the two images. Scale bars 50 µm.
FIGURE 14 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 14. Abdominal keel of a Medusapyga chehalis male. (A) Ventral view second visible abdominal ventrite; arrow points toward abdominal keel. (B) Lateral view. Scale bars 50 µm.
FIGURE 13 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 13. Male mesotrochanter, ventral view. (A) Medusapyga alsea, left trochanter. (B) M. chehalis, right trochanter, digitally reversed to make the image more comparable to (A). Scale bars 25 µm.
FIGURE 19 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 19. Slot-style soil trap deployed at Medusapyga alsea type locality in 2014. Scale bar 10 cm.
FIGURE 15 in Medusapyga LaBonte and Maddison, a New Genus of Anillini (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Trechinae) from the Pacific Northwest of the United States
FIGURE 15. Known geographic distributions of Medusapyga alsea (star) in Oregon and Medusapyga chehalis (circlein Washington.
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Allen Brain Atlas
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.