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Fig. 7. A, B in Hermit crabs of Singapore (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae, Paguridae), with description of two new species

Fig. 7. A, B, Diogenes jubatus (Nobili, 1903); A, ovigerous female, not collected, Johor Strait, 21 October 2012; B, male, 5.1 mm (ZRC 2021.0114); C, D, Diogenes platyops Rahayu & Forest, 1995; C, male (not collected), st. TB29, Singapore Strait, 01°13.036′N 103°52.820′E, 22 May 2013; D, ovigerous female, 3.5 mm (ZRC 2021.0125); E, Diogenes jousseaumei (Bouvier, 1897), male, 2.2 mm (ZRC 2021.0129).

Fig. 10 in Hermit crabs of Singapore (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae, Paguridae), with description of two new species

Fig. 10. Diogenes pisinnus, new species. Holotype, male, 1.3 mm (ZRC 2021.0203). A, shield and cephalic appendages; B, chela, carpus and merus of left cheliped, dorsolateral view; C, chela and carpus of right cheliped, dorsolateral view; D, left second pereopod, lateral view; E, left third pereopod, lateral view; F, right second pereopod, lateral view; G, right third pereopod, lateral view; H, left fourth pereopod, lateral view; I, telson. Scale = 0.5 mm.

Fig. 13. A–C in Hermit crabs of Singapore (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae, Paguridae), with description of two new species

Fig. 13. A–C, Pagurus tenuilineatus, new species. Holotype, male, 4.4 mm (ZRC 2021.0254); D–F, paratype, ovigerous female, 4.2 mm (ZRC 2021.0256). A, D, chela and carpus of right cheliped, dorsolateral view; B, E, chela, carpus and merus of right cheliped, mesial view; C, chela and carpus of left cheliped, dorsolateral view; F, chela, carpus and merus of left cheliped, mesial view. Scale = 1 mm.

Fig. 12 in Hermit crabs of Singapore (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae, Paguridae), with description of two new species

Fig. 12. Pagurus tenuilineatus, new species. Holotype, male, 4.4 mm (ZRC 2021.0254). A, shield and cephalic appendages; B, left P2; C, left P3; D, left P4; E, right P4; F, anterior lobe of sternite of third pereopods; G, telson. B–E, lateral view. Scale = 1 mm.

Fig. 3. A, B in Hermit crabs of Singapore (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Diogenidae, Paguridae), with description of two new species

Fig. 3. A, B, Diogenes mixtus Lanchester, 1902, male, 8.0 mm (ZRC 2021.0111); C, D, Diogenes planimanus Henderson, 1893, male, 6.7 mm (ZRC 2021.0112). A, C, left cheliped, dorsal view; B, D, left P2 and P3, lateral view.

Figure 1 in New species of Goreopagurus (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Tasmania and reevaluation of sexual tubes in hermit crab systematics

Figure 1. Goreopagurus poorei sp. nov.: paratypes: a–c, f, male (3.9 mm), USNM 1007889; d, male (sl =2.6 mm), USNM 1007890; e, female (3.7 mm), USNM 1007889. a, gill lamella; b, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal view; c, d, rostrum, dorsal view; e, female coxae, eight thoracic sternite, and first abdominal somite with paired pleopods, ventral view; f, telson, dorsal view.

Figure 3 in A new genus and species of hermit crab (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from seamounts off south-eastern Tasmania, Australia

Figure 3. Bythiopagurus macrocolus, gen. nov., sp. nov.: a, c, paratype (2.6 mm), J44760; b, d–f, paratype (6.4 mm), USNM 1007810. a, b, chela and carpus of right cheliped (dorsal view); c, d, chela and carpus of left cheliped (dorsal view); e, dactyl and fixed finger of left chela (ventral view); f, left pereopod 2 (lateral view). Scales equal 5 mm (b, d–f) and 1 mm (a, c).

Figure 1 in A new genus and species of hermit crab (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from seamounts off south-eastern Tasmania, Australia

Figure 1. Bythiopagurus macrocolus, gen. nov., sp. nov.: a, paratype (6.4 mm), USNM 1007810; b–h, O paratype (6.0 mm), J44760: a, + cephalothorax; b, gill lamella; c, left mandible (internal view, palp removed); d, right mandible (internal view); e, left maxillule (external view, setal details omitted); f, left maxilla (external view, setal details omitted); g, left maxilliped 1 (external view, setal details omitted); h, coxa, basis and ischium of left maxilliped 3 (external view, setae omitted). Abbreviations: bc: branchiostegal areas of calcification; cbs: sulcus cardiobranchialis; cg: cervical groove; cll: carapace lateral lobe; cs: cardiac sulcus; la, linea anomurica; lp: lateral projection; lt: linea transversalis; pcme: posterior carapace median element; plp: posterolateral plate; pmp: posteromedian plate; r: rostrum; s: shield. Scales equal 1 mm (b–h) and 5 mm (a).

Figure 9 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 9. Lithodid abdominal tergites: a, Acantholithodes tergites 1 and 2, tergites 3–6 and telson; b, Hapalogaster tergites 1–3; c, Placetron tergites 1 and 2, tergites 3–6 and telson, showing female asymmetry in tergites 3–5; d, Oedignathus tergites 1–3; e, Neolithodes tergites 1 and 2, tergites 3–6 and telson; f, Phyllolithodes tergites 1 and 2, tergites 3–6 and telson; g, Lopholithodes tergite 1+2, tergites 3–6 and telson; h, Paralithodes tergites 1 and 2, tergites 3–6 and telson; i, Lithodes tergites 1 and 2, tergites 3–6 and telson; j, Paralomis tergite 1+2, tergites 3–6 and telson; k, Cryptolithodes tergite 1+2. tergites 3–6 and telson. Abbreviations: am = accessory marginal plates; ap = accessory plate; la = lateral plate, m = marginal plate; M = median plate; t = telson; tergites are numbered 1–6. [a–i, k from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 2001a.; j adapted from Macpherson, 1988; not to scale].

Figure 5 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 5. Representative telsons: a, b, Pylochelidae; c–j, Paguridae; k, Parapaguridae. Sixth abdominal tergite, protopods of uropods and telson: j, Munidopagurus. Dactyl and propodus of pereopod 4: l, o, simple; m, q, subchelate; n, r, semichelate with multiple rows of corneous scales in propodal rasp and no preungual process; p, u, t, semichelate with single row of corneous scales in propodal rasp and preungual process at base of claw; s, semichelate with multiple rows of corneous scales in propodal rasp and preungual process at base of claw; t, chelate; v, semichelate with "type A" (cf. McLaughlin, 1974) sensory structure on lateral face of dactyl. Dactyl and propodus of pereopod 5: w, x subchelate; y, semichelate; z, chelate. [a, b, n, from Forest and McLaughlin, 2000; c, from Lewinsohn, 1982; d, e, from McLaughlin, 1982; f–i from McLaughlin, 1997; j, adapted from Provenzano, 1971; k, from Lemaitre, 1996; l, o–q, s, u, y, from McLaughlin, 1997; m, from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 1997; q, w, from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 2001c, v, from McLaughlin, 1974; x, after Lemaitre, 1998; not to scale].

Figure 8 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 8. Additional morphological characters: a, c, shield with Y-shaped posterior groove; b, shield without Y-shaped posterior groove; d, last thoracic somite and abdomen of Xylopagurus (dorsal view); e, multifid ocular acicles; f, Lithodes rostral spine complex; g, dorsal and ventral rostral spines of Glyptolithodes; h, Cryptolithodes (ventral view) with carapace covering body and appendages; i, rostrum with epirostral spine (lateral view); j, symmetrical uropods and posterior portion of abdominal tergite 6, plus telson (dorsal view) k, right antennal peduncle with hooked spine (indicated by arrow) on lateral margin of segment 1; l, shield of Typhlopagurus showing spinose ocular and antennal acicles and lack of ocular peduncles; m, parapagurid epistome and labrum. Abbreviations: apr = anterior rostral process; ds = dorsal spine(s); es = epistomial spine; ls = labral spine; vs = ventral spine; 6 indicates abdominal tergite 6. [a, from McLaughlin and Hoover, 1996; b, from Forest and de Saint Laurent, 1968; c, from Forest and McLaughlin, 2000; d, from Lemaitre, 1995; e, McLaughlin and Murray, 1990; f, from Vinogradov, 1950; g, after Haig, 1974; h, from Makarov, 1938; i, from McLaughlin, 1997; j, from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 1993; k, from McLaughlin, 1981; l, from de Saint Laurent, 1972; m, after Lemaitre, 1989; not to scale].

Figure 6 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 6. Chelipeds: a, left chela of Ciliopagurus (mesial view) showing stridulating mechanism (indicated by arrows); b, left chela of Allodardanus (mesial view) lacking stridulating mechanism; c, left chela and carpus of Ciliopagurus (lateral view); d, chelae of Cancellus togeth- er forming operculum; e, left carpus and chela of Aniculus; f, left chela and carpus of Isocheles (dorsal view), with dactyl opening horizontally (as indicated by arrow), g, left chela and carpus of Loxopagurus (dorsolateral view) with dactyl opening vertically (as indicated by arrow); h, right chela and carpus of Paragiopagurus (dorsal view) with dactyl opening obliquely (as indicated by arrow); i, right chela of Pylojacquesia; j, right chela of Xylopagurus; k, right chela of Bathypaguropsis; l, right chela of Lophopagurus (Australeremus); m, right chela of Rhodochirus; n, left chela of Lophopagurus (Lophopagurus); o, right carpus and chela of Goreopagurus (lateral view); p, right carpus and chela of Oedignathus (mesial view); q, right carpus and chela of Dermaturus (mesial view). [a, c, from Forest, 1952; b, after Haig and Provenzano, 1965; d, after Mayo, 1973; e, from McLaughlin and Hoover, 1995; f, g, from Forest and de Saint Laurent, 1968; h, from Lemaitre, 1996; i, from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 2001c; j, from Lemaitre, 1995; k, from McLaughlin, 1994; l, n, from McLaughlin and Gunn, 1992; m, from Williams, 1984; o, from McLaughlin and Haig, 1995; k, l, after Vinogradov, 1950; not to scale].

Figure 2 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 2. Bases and paired basis-ischium of maxilliped 3: a, Coenobitidae – Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius); b, Diogenidae – Clibanarius vittatus (Bosc); c, Pylochelidae – Mixtopagurus paradoxus A. Milne-Edwards; d, Pylojacquesidae – Pylojacquesia colemani McLaughlin and Lemaitre; e, Parapaguridae – Parapagurus pilosimanus Smith; f, Paguridae – Pagurus pollicaris Say; g, reduced teeth on crista dentata of ischium, Scopaeopagurus megalochirus McLaughlin and Hogarth. Antennular and antennal flagella. h–j, antennular flagella: h, Coenobitidae; i, Pagurus imafukui McLaughlin and Konishi; j, generalised flagella of Diogenidae, Paguridae and Parapaguridae; k, antennal flagellum with paired ventral setae. Thoracic sternites and coxae of pereopods: l, Pylojacquesia colemani McLaughlin and Lemaitre; m, generalised Paguridae; n, Lithodes aequispinus Benedict (sternites X and XI only; groove and pit of sternite XI indicate by arrow). Abbreviations: act = accessory tooth (teeth) indicat- ed by arrows; ap = anterior portion; C 1–5 = coxae of pereopods 1–5; gp = gonopore; mh = membranous hinge; pp = posterior portion. [a–f, l, from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 2001c; g, from McLaughlin and Hogarth, 1998; h, from McLaughlin and Dworschak, 2001; i from McLaughlin and Konishi, 1994; j, from Forest et al. 2000; k, from McLaughlin and Haig, 1996b, m, adapted from McLaughlin, 1974; not to scale]

Figure 3 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 3. Basic morphology: a, diagrammatic pagurid (whole animal, dorsal view); b, diagrammatic lithodid (whole animal, dorsal view). Cephalothorax or shield, with or without cephalic appendages: c–h Pylochelidae; i, Diogenidae; j, Pylojacquesidae; k–m Paguridae. c, Pylocheles; d, Trizocheles; e, Cheiroplatea; f, Pomatocheles; g, Parapylocheles; h, Cancellocheles; i, Diogenes; j, Pylojacquesia; k, Porcellanopagurus; l, Solitariopagurus; m, Hemipagurus. Abbreviations: aa = antennal acicle; ant. = antenna; antu = antennule; c, cornea; car = carpus; cg = cervical groove; dac = dactyl; ff = fixed finger; irp = intercalary rostral process; la = linea anomurica; lf ch = left cheliped; lf ur = left uropod; lp = lateral projection; lt = linea transversalis; mer = merus; oa = ocular acicle; op = ocular peduncle; P2–5 = pereopods 2–5; pcl = posterior carapace lobe; pcme = posterior carapace median element; pl3–5 = pleopods 3–5; plm = palm; pmp = posterior median plate; pop = postocular projection; pro = propodus; r = rostrum or rostral lobe; rt ch = right cheliped; s = shield; sl1–3 = shield lobes 1–3; t6 = abdominal tergite 6; tel = telson. [a, b, adapted from Sandberg and McLaughlin, 1998; c, d from Forest et al. 2000; e–h, from Forest, 1987; i, from McLaughlin and Clark, 1997; j, from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 2001c; k, l, from McLaughlin, 2000; m, from McLaughlin, 1997 (as Catapagurus); not to scale.]

Figure 1 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 1. Morphological diversity among members of the Paguroidea. a, b, Coenobitidae, c, Pylochelidae; d–g, Diogenidae; h–k, Lithodidae, l–o, Paguridae, p, q, Parapaguridae: a, Birgus latro Leach; b, Coenobita clypeatus (Fabricius); c, Trizocheles spinosus (Henderson); d, Allodardanus bredini Haig and Provenzano; e, Dardanus venosus (H. Milne Edwards); f, Clibanarius arethusa De Man; g, Calcinus tibicen (Herbst); h, Cryptolithodes sitchensis Brandt; i, Hapalogaster dentata (De Haan); j, Sculptolithodes derjugini Makarov; k, Lithodes murrayi Henderson; l, Labidochirus splendescens (Owen); m, Propagurus gaudichaudi (H. Milne Edwards); n, Ostraconotus spatulipes A. Milne–Edwards; o, Porcellanopagurus edwardsi Filhol; p, Tylaspis anomala Henderson; q, Probeebei mirabilis Boone. [a, f after Alcock, 1905; b, from Chace and Hobbs, 1969; c, k, p, from Henderson, 1888; d, e, g, after Chace et al. 1985; h, from Makarov, 1938; i, j, from Vinogradov, 1950; l from McLaughlin, 1974; m, from Benedict, 1901 as Eupagurus patagonensis Benedict; n, after A. Milne-Edwards and Bouvier, 1893; o, after Forest, 1951; q, from Wolff, 1961; not to scale.]

Figure 2 in New species of Goreopagurus (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Tasmania and reevaluation of sexual tubes in hermit crab systematics

Figure 2. Goreopagurus poorei sp. nov.: a–c, f, paratype male (3.9 mm), USNM 1007890; d, e, holotype male (5.2 mm), J44757. a, merus, carpus and chela of right cheliped, dorsal view; b, carpus of same, lateral view; c, same, mesial view; d, carpus and chela of right cheliped, dorsal view; e, carpus of same, ventromesial view; f, merus, carpus and chela of left cheliped, dorsal view.

Figure 3 in New species of Goreopagurus (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from Tasmania and reevaluation of sexual tubes in hermit crab systematics

Figure 3. Goreopagurus poorei sp. nov.: paratype male (3.9 mm), USNM 1007890. a, second right pereopod, lateral view; b, dactyl of same, mesial view; c, third right pereopod, lateral view; d, dactyl of same, mesial view; e, anterior lobe of sternite of third pereopods, ventral view; f, propodus and dactyl of left fourth pereopod, lateral view.

Figure 7 in Illustrated keys to families and genera of the superfamily Paguroidea (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura), with diagnoses of genera of Paguridae

Figure 7. Secondary sexual appendages and structures: a, coxae of pereopods 5 and abdominal somites 1 and 2 of male with pleopods 1 and 2 paired, modified; b, c, coxae of pereopods 5 and abdominal somite 1 of female with pleopod 1 paired, modified; d, female brood pouch; e–g, male pleopod 2; h–q, male sexual tubes; r, male gonopores without sexual tube development; s, coxa of right pereopod 5 of male with gonopore masked by tuft of stiff setae; t, coxa of left pereopod 5 of male with gonopore masked by tuft of stiff setae. [a, from Forest et al. 2000; b, from McLaughlin and Haig, 1995; c, q, r, from McLaughlin and Lemaitre, 2001b; d, from McLaughlin and Provenzano, 1975; e, f, from Lemaitre, 1989; g, from Forest, 1995; i–n from McLaughlin, 1997; h, from Wang and McLaughlin, 2000; p, from McLaughlin, 1986; s, from Melin, 1939; t, from Forest, 1961; not to scale].

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Fig. 3 in Two New Species Of Pylopaguropsis Alcock (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) From The Philippines

Fig. 3. Pylopaguropsis pygmaeus, new species, holotype, female (sl 1.5 mm), PANGLAO 2004, stn T39, NMCR. A, left second pereopod, mesial view; B, left second pereopod, lateral view; C, right second pereopod, lateral view; D, right second pereopod, mesial view; E, left third pereopod, mesial view; F, left third pereopod, lateral view; G, right third pereopod, lateral view; H, right third pereopod, mesial view. Scale bars = 1 mm. Setae partially omitted.