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Figure 11 in Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs

Figure 11. Isognomon? sp. Fragment of nacreous isognomonid ligament area with narrow ligament pits and five shallowly concave interspaces. USNM 561801. Scale bar=1 cm.

Figure 17. Delectopecten kieli n in Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs

Figure 17. Delectopecten kieli n. sp. A. Right valve exterior, Holotype, UCMP 110746. B. Right valve exterior, Paratype, UCMP 110747. C. Left valve exterior, Paratype, UCMP 110748. D. Right valve exterior, Paratype UCMP 110749. Scale bars=1 mm. E. Detail of camptonectes sculpture on B, with reticulations and splitting of fine radial ribs (white circles). Scale bar=0.5 mm.

Figure 5 in Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs

Figure 5. Porterius gabbi (Dickerson, 1917), Keasey Formation. A, B. Exterior and Interior of right valve, hypotype USNM 561838, scale bar=1 cm. C. Detail of cardinal area and hinge plate of B, scale bar=1 mm. D. Interior of left valve interior in matrix, hypotype UCMP 110736, scale bar=1 cm. E–H. Interior and exterior of left valve, hypotype UCMP 110737, with detail views of hinge tooth striations (G) and interior shell lines (H), scale bar=1 cm.

Figure 20 in Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs

Figure 20. Variation in shell morphology in living North Pacific Propeamussiidae. A, B. Right and left valves of Propeamussium jeffreysi (E.A. Smith, 1885), SBMNH 126833. C, D. Right and left valves of Cyclopecten davidsoni (Dall, 1898), SBMNH 123955. E, F. Right and left valves of Parvamussium alaskense (Dall, 1871), SBMNH 103661. Scale bars=1 cm.

Figure 4. A in Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs

Figure 4. A. Crenella porterensis detail of coarser ribs and rib increase by splitting (yellow arrow) and by intercalation (black arrows) (enlarged from Fig. 3A). B. Crenella washingtonensis detail of finer ribs and rib increase by intercalation (black arrows) (comparable enlargement from Fig. 3D).

Figure 16 in Paleogene marine bivalves of the deep-water Keasey Formation in Oregon, Part II: The pteriomorphs

Figure 16. Delectopecten vancouverensis (Whiteaves, 1893), North Pacific live-collected, articulated representative of the type species of Delectopecten. SBMNH 130085. A. Left valve. B. Right valve. C. Enlargement of byssal notch with ctenolium (yellow circle). Scale bars=1 mm.

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Fig. 6 in A new coleopterous family Wabbelidae fam. nov. (Coleoptera: Cucujoidea) from Baltic amber (Cenozoic, Paleogene, Eocene)

Fig. 6. Wabbel cerebricavus gen.et sp.nov. Forebody ventro-laterally: (1) compound eye [small]; (2) gula [wide]; (3) gular sutures [complete]; (4) notosternal suture [complete]; (5) pronotal border [present]; (6) procoxae [transverse, i.e. longer than wide]; (7) prosternal process [wide]; (8) hypomeron; (9) protrochanter; (10) elytral epipleuron

TABLE 5 in Paleoclimate estimates for the Paleogene-Neogene in southern South America using fossil leaves as proxies

<p>TABLE 5 — Fossil locations from Southern South America and age in million of years.Studied geological formations and sites used for comparison in the discussion.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Fossil Site</b></th><th><b>Geological Formation</b></th><th><b>Age (Ma)</b></th><th><b>Source</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Pico Quemado</th><td>Ñirihuau</td><td>middle Miocene?</td><td>Caviglia 2018</td></tr><tr><th>Cancha Carreras, Estancia Tres Marías</th><td>Río Guillermo</td><td>≤21.7 ± 0.3 to ≤23.5 ± 0.3</td><td>Fosdick <i>et al.</i> 2011; 2015a, b</td></tr><tr><th>Aluminé Basin</th><td>Rancahué</td><td>25.0 ± 1.4 to 26.0 ± 1.5</td><td>Brea <i>et al.</i> 2015; Franzese <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Sierra Baguales</th><td>Río Leona</td><td>33.0 ± 2.8</td><td>Gutiérrez <i>et al.</i> 2017, 2019</td></tr><tr><th>Upper Río Turbio</th><td>Río Turbio</td><td>≤26.6 ± 0.2 to ≤33.4 to</td><td>Fosdick <i>et al.</i> 2015a</td></tr><tr><th>Lower Río Turbio</th><td>Río Turbio</td><td>≤46.3 ± 1.3 to ≤47.1 ± 2.7</td><td>Fosdick <i>et al.</i> 2015a</td></tr><tr><th>Río Pichileufú</th><td>Ventana</td><td>47.46 ± 0.05</td><td>Wilf <i>et al.</i> 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Laguna del Hunco</th><td>La Huitrera</td><td>51.91 ± 0.22</td><td>Wilf <i>et al.</i> 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Ligorio Márquez</th><td>Ligorio Márquez</td><td><57</td><td>Suárez <i>et al.</i> 2000; Hinojosa 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Palacio de los Loros</th><td>Salamanca</td><td>61.7</td><td>Iglesias <i>et al.</i> 2007</td></tr></tbody></table>

TABLE 2 in Paleoclimate estimates for the Paleogene-Neogene in southern South America using fossil leaves as proxies

<p>TABLE 2 — Estimated values of temperature and precipitation for the upper Río Turbio Formation member. *Scarce fossil material.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Upper RTF</b></th><th></th><th><b>Equation</b></th><th><b>Dataset</b></th><th><b>R</b> <b>2</b></th><th><b>Error</b></th><th><b>Source</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>15.3</td><td colspan="2">MAT = 3.25 + 0.24*% non-tooth CLAMP 3B SA</td><td>0.9</td><td>2.1°C</td><td>Hinojosa 2005; Hinojosa & Villagrán 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>14.3</td><td>MAT = 26.03pE + 1.31</td><td>SA</td><td>0.82</td><td>2.8°C</td><td>Hinojosa <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>14.8</td><td>MAT = 0.204*E + 4.6</td><td>LMA</td><td>0.58</td><td>4.8°C</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Precipitation (mm)</th><td>*</td><td>Ln(MAP) = 1.63 + 0.49*MLnA</td><td>CLAMP 3B SA</td><td>0.6</td><td>Ln(0.5) cm</td><td>Hinojosa 2005; Hinojosa & Villagrán 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Precipitation (mm)</th><td>*</td><td>lnMAP = 0.283(MlnA) + 2.92</td><td>LAA</td><td>0.23</td><td>0.61</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr></tbody></table>

TABLE 3 in Paleoclimate estimates for the Paleogene-Neogene in southern South America using fossil leaves as proxies

<p>TABLE 3 — Estimated values of temperature and precipitation for the Río Guillermo Formation.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>RGF</b></th><th></th><th><b>Equation</b></th><th><b>Dataset</b></th><th><b>R</b> <b>2</b></th><th><b>Error</b></th><th><b>Source</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>5.3</td><td>MAT = 3.25 + 0.24*% non-tooth</td><td>CLAMP 3B SA</td><td>0.9</td><td>2.1°C</td><td>Hinojosa 2005; Hinojosa & Villagrán 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>3.5</td><td>MAT = 26.03pE + 1.31</td><td>SA</td><td>0.82</td><td>2.8°C</td><td>Hinojosa <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>6.3</td><td>MAT = 0.204E + 4.6</td><td>LMA</td><td>0.58</td><td>4.8°C</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Precipitation (mm)</th><td>682</td><td>Ln(MAP) = 1.63 + 0.49*MLnA</td><td>CLAMP 3B SA</td><td>0.6</td><td>Ln(0.5) cm</td><td>Hinojosa 2005; Hinojosa & Villagrán 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Precipitation (mm)</th><td>829</td><td>lnMAP = 0.283(MlnA) + 2.92</td><td>LAA</td><td>0.23</td><td>0.61</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr></tbody></table>

TABLE 1 in Paleoclimate estimates for the Paleogene-Neogene in southern South America using fossil leaves as proxies

<p>TABLE 1 — Estimated values of temperature and precipitation for the lower Río Turbio Formation member.</p><table><thead><tr><th><b>Lower RTF</b></th><th></th><th><b>Equation</b></th><th><b>Dataset</b></th><th><b>R</b> <b>2</b></th><th><b>Error</b></th><th><b>Source</b></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>16.5</td><td>MAT = 3.25 + 0.24*% non-tooth</td><td>CLAMP 3B SA</td><td>0.9</td><td>2.1°C</td><td>Hinojosa 2005; Hinojosa & Villagrán 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>15.7</td><td>MAT = 26.03pE + 1.31</td><td>SA</td><td>0.82</td><td>2.8°C</td><td>Hinojosa <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>15.6</td><td>MAT = 0.204E + 4.6</td><td>LMA</td><td>0.58</td><td>4.8°C</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Temperature (°C)</th><td>16.9</td><td>See manuscript (1)</td><td>DiLP</td><td>0.7</td><td>4°C</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Precipitation (mm)</th><td>1764</td><td>Ln(MAP) = 1.63 + 0.49*MLnA</td><td>CLAMP 3B SA</td><td>0.6</td><td>Ln(0.5) cm</td><td>Hinojosa 2005; Hinojosa & Villagrán 2005</td></tr><tr><th>Precipitation (mm)</th><td>1435</td><td>lnMAP = 0.283(MlnA) + 2.92</td><td>LAA</td><td>0.23</td><td>0.61 cm</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr><tr><th>Precipitation (mm)</th><td>1303</td><td>See manuscript (2)</td><td>DiLP</td><td>0.27</td><td>0.6 cm</td><td>Peppe <i>et al.</i> 2011</td></tr></tbody></table>

FIGURE 4 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 4. Site-specific data for lamina length and lamina width plotted for each taxon. 4A: Lamina length for Platanus neptuni. 4B: Lamina width for P. neptuni. 4C: Lamina length for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 4D: Lamina width for E. furcinervis. 4E: Lamina length for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 4F: Lamina width for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.

FIGURE 1 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 1. Map showing the locations of the considered sites, which are numbered according to Table 1.

FIGURE 3 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 3. Site-specific data for lamina area and lamina perimeter plotted for each taxon. 3A: Lamina area for Platanus neptuni. 3B: Lamina perimeter for P. neptuni. 3C: Lamina area for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 3D: Lamina perimeter for E. furcinervis. 3E: Lamina area for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 3F: Lamina perimeter for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.

FIGURE 6 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 6. Site-specific data for lamina centroid and leaf length-to-width ratio (LWR) plotted for each taxon. 6A: Lamina centroid for Platanus neptuni. 6B: LWR for P. neptuni. 6C: Lamina centroid for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 6D: LWR for E. furcinervis. 6E: Lamina centroid for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 6F: LWR for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.

FIGURE 2 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 2. Plasticity index (PI) of various leaf traits, for the considered sites and taxa. 2A: PI for lamina area. 2B: PI for lamina length. 2C: PI for lamina perimeter. 2D: PI for lamina width. 2E: PI for lamina circularity. 2F: PI for lamina centroid. Squares: Platanus neptuni. Circles: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. Triangles: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.

FIGURE 5 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 5. Site-specific data for lamina circularity and lamina roundness plotted for each taxon. 5A: Lamina circularity for Platanus neptuni. 5B: Lamina roundness for P. neptuni. 5C: Lamina circularity for Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. 5D: Lamina roundness for E. furcinervis. 5E: Lamina circularity for Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. 5F: Lamina roundness for D. cinnamomifolia. The boxes span the 50% interquartile. The horizontal lines within the boxes indicate the median values. The "whiskers" mark the highest and lowest values. Outliers located at a distance of up to 1.5 times the quartile span outside the whiskers are drawn as asterisks, and extreme outliers are drawn as circles. Different minuscule letters indicate statistically significant differences among sites. Colors indicate deposit type. Colors indicate deposit type. Green: fluviatile. Red: volcanic. Blue: marine. Lines delimit age groups. LE: Late Eocene. EO: Early Oligocene. LO: Late Oligocene. EM: Early Miocene. For site numbers and dating see Table 1.

FIGURE 7. Age-specific discriminant analysis using all morphometric parameters for all sites. 7A in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 7. Age-specific discriminant analysis using all morphometric parameters for all sites. 7A: Eocene. 7B: Oligocene. Triangles: Platanus neptuni. Squares: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. Circles: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia.

FIGURE 8 in Taxon-specific variability of leaf traits in three long-ranging fossil-species of the Paleogene and Neogene: Responses to climate?

FIGURE 8. Circularity plotted against LWR. Blue circles: Platanus neptuni. Red squares: Eotrigonobalanus furcinervis. Yellow diamonds: Daphnogene cinnamomifolia. Black line: Relationship between circularity and length-towidth ratio of an ellipse. Please note that this relationship was calculated by using an approximate equation for the perimeter of an ellipse, which causes the slight deflection of the curve for high circularity values. As approximation, the following equation for the ellipse perimeter (EP) was used: EP = π* [2 * (a2 + b2)1/2].