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82 results for “Parus major”
Data from: Partner's age, not social environment, predicts extrapair paternity in wild great tits (Parus major)
An individual's fitness is not only influenced by its own phenotype, but by the phenotypes of interacting conspecifics. This is likely to be particularly true when considering fitness gains and losses caused by extrapair matings, as they depend directly on the social environment. While previous work has explored effects of dyadic interactions, limited understanding exists regarding how group-level characteristics of the social environment affect extrapair paternity (EPP) and cuckoldry. We use a wild population of great tits (Parus major) to examine how, in addition to the phenotypes of focal parents, two neighborhood-level traits – age and personality composition – predict EPP and cuckoldry. We used the well-studied trait "exploration behavior" as a measure of the reactive-proactive personality axis. Because breeding pairs inhabit a continuous "social landscape", we first established an ecologically relevant definition of a breeding "neighborhood" through genotyping parents and nestlings in a 51-ha patch of woodland and assessing the spatial predictors of EPP events. Using the observed decline in likelihood of EPP with increasing spatial separation between nests, we determined the relevant neighborhood boundaries, and thus the group phenotypic composition of an individual's neighborhood, by calculating the point at which the likelihood of EPP became negligible. We found no evidence that "social environment" effects (i.e. neighborhood age or personality composition) influenced EPP or cuckoldry. We did, however, find that a female's own age influenced the EPP of her social mate, with males paired to older females gaining more EPP, even when controlling for the social environment. These findings suggest that partner characteristics, rather than group phenotypic composition, influence mating activity patterns at the individual level.
FIGURE 4. a in Characterization of a secondary contact zone of the Great Tit Parus major and the Japanese Tit P. minor (Aves: Passeriformes) in Far Eastern Siberia with DNA markers.
FIGURE 4. a) Proportion of minor phenotypes plotted against geographic distances between the populations (with parameters, a = 1.0166, b = 0.1534, x = 5.7334, y = 0.0114, R2 = 0.9934), b) 0 0 proportion of minor mitochondrial haplotypes plotted against geographic distances (a = 1.0049, b = 0.1551, x = 0.5749, y = 0.0319, R2 = 0.9843) and c) proportion of individuals being assigned to 0 0 minor based on microsatellites plotted against geographic distances (a = 0.9616, b = 0.2167, x0 = 5.2785, y = 0.0166, R2 = 0.9928).
FIGURE 3 in Characterization of a secondary contact zone of the Great Tit Parus major and the Japanese Tit P. minor (Aves: Passeriformes) in Far Eastern Siberia with DNA markers.
FIGURE 3. Assignment probabilities for each individual to belong to major or minor cluster. Phenotypes of the individuals are shown above the graph. Individuals in bold are first generation migrants detected by GeneClass.
FIGURE 2 in Characterization of a secondary contact zone of the Great Tit Parus major and the Japanese Tit P. minor (Aves: Passeriformes) in Far Eastern Siberia with DNA markers.
FIGURE 2. Relative frequencies of alleles at the nine studied microsatellite loci for each population.
Data from: Endocrine phenotype, reproductive success and survival in the great tit, Parus major
A central goal in evolutionary ecology is to characterize and identify selection patterns on the optimal phenotype in different environments. Physiological traits, such as hormonal responses, provide important mechanisms by which individuals can adapt to fluctuating environmental conditions. It is therefore expected that selection shapes hormonal traits, but the strength and the direction of selection on plastic hormonal signals are still under investigation. Here, we determined whether, and in which way, selection is acting on the hormones corticosterone and prolactin by characterizing endocrine phenotypes and their relationship with fitness in free-living great tits, Parus major. We quantified variation in circulating concentrations of baseline and stress-induced corticosterone and in prolactin during the prebreeding (March) and the breeding season (May) for two consecutive years, and correlated these with reproductive success (yearly fledgling number) and overwinter survival in female and male individuals. In both years, individuals with high baseline corticosterone concentrations in March had the highest yearly fledgling numbers; while in May, individuals with low baseline corticosterone had the highest yearly reproductive success. Likewise, individuals that displayed strong seasonal plasticity in baseline corticosterone concentrations (high in March and low in May) had the highest reproductive success in each year. Prolactin concentrations were not related to reproductive success, but were positively correlated to the proximity to lay. Between-year plasticity in stress-induced corticosterone concentrations of males was related to yearly variation in food abundance, but not to overall reproductive success. These findings suggest that seasonally alternating directional selection is operating on baseline corticosterone concentrations in both sexes. The observed between-year consistency in selection patterns indicates that a one-time hormone sample in a given season can allow the prediction of individual fitness.
Figure 2 in The role of hatching asynchrony in brood size reduction of the great tit Parus major in a Mediterranean pine forest
Figure 2. Distribution of estimated age at time of death of nestlings in synchronous (asynchrony of 0 or 1 days, white bars) and asynchronous (asynchrony of 2 or more days, black bars) broods.
Figure 1 in The role of hatching asynchrony in brood size reduction of the great tit Parus major in a Mediterranean pine forest
Figure 1. Mean hatching asynchrony by five-day periods against laying date (vertical lines indicate range of values).
Body mass, take-off speed and survival of Parus major at permanent and irregular feeders
<p>In this study, we tested whether the body mass of wintering Great Tits (<em>Parus major</em>) was higher under conditions of less predictable food resources. We compared body mass, body mass index, the speed at take-off, and survival of Great Tit adult males wintering in small urban areas either near feeders providing permanent access to food for months or near feeders providing irregular access to food.</p>
Data from: The relationship between plumage colouration, problem-solving and learning performance in great tits Parus major
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Data from: Behavioral responses to conspecific mobbing calls are predator-specific in great tits (Parus major)
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Data from: Innovative females are more promiscuous in great tits (Parus major)
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Data from: Provisioning tactics of great tits (Parus major) in response to long-term brood size manipulations differ across years
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Data from: Urban environment shortens telomere length in nestling great tits, Parus major
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Data from: Partner’s age, not social environment, predicts extrapair paternity in wild great tits (Parus major)
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Data from: Haplotype structure, adaptive history and associations with exploratory behaviour of the DRD4 gene region in four great tit (Parus major) populations
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Data from: A high density SNP chip for genotyping great tit (Parus major) populations and its application to studying the genetic architecture of exploration behaviour
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Data from: Genomic dissection of variation in clutch size and egg mass in a wild great tit (Parus major) population
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Data from: Endocrine phenotype, reproductive success and survival in the great tit, Parus major
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Data from: Sea buckthorn berries (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) predict size and composition of a great tit population (Parus major L.).
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Data from: Between- and within-individual variation of maternal thyroid hormone deposition in wild great tits (Parus major)
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