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opencc-by-4.0Nov 2023View details →

Fig. 1 in Syzygium setosum (Myrtaceae), a rare and endangered peat swamp tree in Southeast Asia: lectotypification, conservation status and a new record in Sumatra

Fig. 1. – Syzygium setosum (King) I.M. Turner. A. Base of trunk showing the buttress; B. Close-up of the flush trunk showing pale cream inner bark and pale to dark cream sapwood; C. Close-up of a twig showing reddish-brown erect bristly hairs; D. Leafy branch showing opposite leaf arrangement; E. Adaxial (upper) leaf surface; F. Abaxial (lower) leaf surface; G. Immature terminal and axillary inflorescences; H. Mature inflorescences showing open flowers; I. Close-up of open flowers; J. Close-up of an infructescence; K. Apical view of a fruit; L. Seeds (left) and inner part of the carpel (right); M. Longitudinal section of a fruit. [Randi GB-052, BO] [Photos: A. Randi]

Fig. 4 in Animal use of rehabilitated formerly fire damaged peat-swamp forest in western Sabah, Malaysia

Fig. 4. Temporal activity patters for the nine most frequently photographed animal species in the northern part of Klias Forest Reserve, Sabah, Malaysia. Rehabilitated forest (L); Intact forest (R). Black bars indicate nocturnal activity; dotted bars indicate diurnal activity. Number in parenthesis represents number of independent camera trap records.

Fig. 3 in Animal use of rehabilitated formerly fire damaged peat-swamp forest in western Sabah, Malaysia

Fig. 3. The observed species accumulation curves in rehabilitated forest (solid lines) versus intact forest (dashed lines) and their 95% Confidence Intervals for all animals detected (L) and for mammal species only (R) in Klias Forest Reserve. The curves were constructed using an abundance-based rarefaction approach with 100 randomisation runs in EstimateS (Colwell, 2013).

Fig. 1 in Animal use of rehabilitated formerly fire damaged peat-swamp forest in western Sabah, Malaysia

Fig. 1. Klias Forest Reserve and Binsulok Forest Reserve located in the Klias Peninsula in south-western Sabah, northern part of Malaysian Borneo (inset).

Fig. 2 in Animal use of rehabilitated formerly fire damaged peat-swamp forest in western Sabah, Malaysia

Fig. 2. Maps of the Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of the northern part of Klias Forest Reserve indicating the burnt forest areas (white) in 1998 (L) and the same study area in 2016 including oil palm plantations (white) in the north and eastern part of the reserve (R). Red circles indicate locations of camera trapping points in rehabilitated/burnt areas; Yellow circles indicate locations of camera trapping points in intact/unburnt areas.

opencc-zeroMay 2019View details →

FIG. 1 in Mallomonas teres, sp. nov. (Chrysophyceae), simultaneously revealed in two distant European peat-bog regions

FIG. 1. — Body scales of Mallomonas teres, sp. nov.: A, B, scales observed in a transmission electron microscope; C, a scale observed in a scanning electron microscope. Scale bars: 1 µm.

opencc-by-4.0Aug 2023View details →

Anaerobic Methane Oxidation is Quantitatively Important in Deeper Peat Layers of Boreal Peatlands: Evidence from in situ Stable Isotopes Depth Profiles, Anaerobic Incubations, and Microbial Communities

Dataset contains complete result of laboratory anaerobic incubations with peat samples from 3 West Siberian peatlands. Before the incubation, the peat samples were thoroughly mixed to ensure homogeneity. Aliquots (140 ± 1 g) were mixed with distilled water at a ratio of 1:2 by weight, and then placed into sterile 500 ml glass bottles, flushed with pure argon (99.9999%, Voessen, Russia) for 5 min to remove any oxygen and sealed with butyl rubber septa to maintain anaerobic conditions. The bottles were kept at +5°C for 1 day to allow the equilibration between the peat and the headspace. Then bottles were again thoroughly flushed with argon for 5 min, sealed, and an additional 5 ml of argon was added to prevent air diffusion into the bottle headspace. The incubation was performed in two different ways: i) unamended control, and ii) amended with 10 ml of CH3F to inhibit acetotrophic methanogenesis. Peat samples from the depths of 15-20 and 40-50 cm were incubated at 15° and 10°C, respectively, for a period of 60 days, whereas deeper peat samples were incubated at 5°С, representing the temperature of the deeper peat layers of Mukhrino bog during the snow-free period for 150 days. Gas (1 mL for Н2, CH4 and CO2 concentration, 1 mL for stable isotope compositions) and liquid (1 mL for organic acids) samples were taken for analysis every two weeks after manually shaking the bottles for approximately 5 s to equilibrate the gaseous and aqueous phases. At the end of the incubation, methane headspace concentrations ranged from 1 to 3 % for deeper samples. The incubations with and without CH3F addition were carried out in three replicates for samples from Mukhrino bog and in two replicates for Chistoe and Lempino bogs. Net methane and CO2 production were calculated from the gas concentrations, the volume of the gas space, and the water volume using the ideal gas law. Gas solubility was calculated using Henry’s law. The reported net methane and CO2 production are the averages of 2-3 replicates. See further details in a paper with the same title and the first author.

opencc-by-4.0Oct 2023View details →

Surface peat data, Geological Survey of Finland

Surface peat data (0-40 cm) from the national peatland inventory of the Geological Survey of Finland (GTK): Water%, dry bulk density (gdm-3), ash% (loss-on-ignition (LOI) at 815 ºC), decomposition rate (von Post's (1922) 10-grade scale, H1-10), C%, N%, CH ratio and S%. All peat profiles were collected between 1977 and 2017. The dry bulk density is given for all volumetric peat profiles.

openCC0Apr 2019View details →

Net N Mineralization Rates in Peat From N-Addition Plots in an Alberta Peatland, 2011-2014

Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Bogs, being ombrotrophic, may be especially susceptible to increasing N deposition. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a bog near Mariana Lakes, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2011 through 2014, we quantified net N mineralization in each plot using the in situ buried polyethylene bag technique. Concentrations of initial KCl-extractable NH4 +-N, NO3 --N, and DIN in the top 10 cm of peat were unaffected by N inputs. We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the bog vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4 +-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4 +-N availability (cf. McGill and Cole 1981, Robertson and Groffman 2015), and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported. Experimentally added NH4 +-N and NO3 --N apparently appear to be rapidly immobilized. This immobilization prevents experimentally added DIN from moving downward through the peat to the bog water table.

openCC0Apr 2019View details →

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Bacteria and Fungi in Peat Exposed to Experimentally Increased N Deposition, 2015

Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. Bogs, being ombrotrophic, may be especially susceptible to increasing N deposition. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a bog near Mariana Lakes, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). In July of 2015 we measured PLFA markers in two depths in each plot. For the most part, microbial group abundances were not affected by increasing N input (Fig. 16). However, actinomycete abundance decreased with increasing N deposition at rates that were similar in 0-5 and 5-10 cm peat. Gram-negative bacteria increased slightly with increasing N input and were more abundant in 0-5 cm than in 5-10 cm peat; correspondingly the Gram-positive to Gram-negative bacterial ratio decreased with increasing N input and was lower in 0-5 cm than in 5-10 cm peat. Total microbial abundance and total bacterial abundance were significantly higher in 0-5 cm peat than in 5-10 cm peat. It may be that more sensitive/targeted techniques, such as high-throughput pyrosequencing, 16s RNA clone library analysis and rRNA-targeted fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or whole genome shotgun sequencing may be required to reveal bog microbial community responses to N loading.

openCC0Mar 2020View details →

Cellulose, Peat, and Mixed Vegetation in situ Decomposition in a Fen Exposed to Increasing Nitrogen Treatments, 2012-2015

Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). We examined the effects of N addition on cellulose, peat, and mixed vegetation placed in the fen from 2012-2015 and collected after 5 and 17 months. Decomposition of cellulose filter paper increased with increasing N addition; the slopes of the responses did not differ between years, although decomposition was faster for filter paper placed in the field in 2014 than in either 2012 or 2013. In contrast, decomposition of Sphagnum moss was unaffected by N addition. Vascular plant litter decomposition decreased with N addition in 2015, but not 2014, Water addition alone had no significant effect on cellulose decomposition k values in any of the three years (p > 0.26) or on vascular plant litter mass in either year (p = 0.81). However, Sphagnum mass loss was significantly higher in the control treatment than in 0 kg N ha-1 yr-1 treatment (p = 0.0046) averaged over the two years of decomposition. Assessment of decomposition and its controls may be especially important in peatlands, as the development and persistence of peat depends on an excess of NPP over decomposition throughout the peat profile. There is evidence that increasing N deposition/availability stimulates cellulose decomposition in surface fen peat, as we found previously at Mariana Lake Bog, however, bog material decomposition appears to be more complicated.

openCC0Mar 2020View details →

Net N mineralization rates in peat from N-Addition plots in an Alberta Poor Fen, 2011-2014

Development of the oil sands has led to increasing atmospheric N deposition, with values as high as 17 kg N ha-1 yr-1; regional background levels <2 kg N ha-1 yr-1. To examine responses to N deposition, over five years, we experimentally applied N (as NH4NO3) to a poor fen near Mariana Lake, Alberta, at rates of 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 kg N ha-1 yr-1, plus controls (no water or N addition). From 2011 through 2014, we quantified net N mineralization in each plot using the in situ buried polyethylene bag technique. Concentrations of initial KCl-extractable NH4+-N, NO3--N, and DIN in the top 10 cm of peat were unaffected by N inputs. We hypothesized that as N deposition increases to a level that exceeds the capacity of the fen vegetation to take up N, net N mineralization in surface peat would be inhibited by higher NH4+-N availability, net nitrification would be stimulated by higher NH4+-N availability, and concentrations of DIN in porewater at the top of the water table would increase, as DIN bypasses interception by the ground layer vegetation. None of these hypotheses was supported. Experimentally added NH4+-N and NO3--N apparently appear to be rapidly immobilized. This immobilization prevents experimentally added DIN from moving downward through the peat to the bog water table.

openCC0Mar 2020View details →

Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles of Bacteria and Fungi in Poor Fen Peat Exposed to Experimentally Increased N Deposition, 2015

openCC (other)Apr 2021View details →

Marcell Experimental Forest peat core extraction chemical analysis data (DOC, Fe, Ca, Mg, K, P, Al)

This data set reports iron (Fe), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), and aluminum (Al) measured in extractions of soil cores sampled from two boreal peatlands, the S1 and S2 bogs, in the Marcell Experimental Forest (MEF) in Itasca County, Minnesota. The soil cores were sampled on September 2, 2017. Elements were quantified in extractions with hydrochloric acid, sodium dithionite, sodium sulfate, and sodium dithionite plus hydrochloric acid to examine how iron influences carbon and nutrient cycling in peatlands. The S1 and S2 sites are research catchments instrumented for hydrologic monitoring. The S1 bog is also the location of the Spruce and Peatland Responses Under Changing Environments (SPRUCE) experiment. These data are used, analyzed, and reported in Curtinrich et al. (2021, Ecosystems).

Del 13C and del 15N ratios in a peat core at 2 cm depth intervals at 4 locations along the Dalton Highway, North Slope Alaska, 1989.

del 13C and del 15N ratios were measured on a peat core at 2 cm depth intervals. Peat cores were taken at Imnavait Creek, Pump Station 3, the Happy Valley Steram and Olikok Dock Road along the Dalton Highway, Alaska.

Arctic LTER 1991: Percent moisture, bulk density, percent loss on ignition and percent organic carbon were measured for peat collected from soils in the Imnavait Creek watershed.

Percent moisture, bulk density, percent loss on ignition and percent organic carbon were measured for peat collected from soils in the Imnavait Creek watershed.

Peat cores were collected along the Dalton Highway for the analysis of soil properties, 13C and percent of modern age, North Slope, Alaska 1989.

Peat cores were collected along the Dalton Highway in 1989 and analysed for percent moisture, percent organic carbon, bulk densitey, del C-13, and radiocarbon content at varying depth intevals throughout the core. Samples were collected to the mineral zone and kept in cold storage until analysis. Samples were collected from 12 sites.

CSASN Benthic Nutrients from 2010 to 2012 at I8 Inlet, I8 Outlet, Peat Inlet and Kuparuk Rivers

The Changing Seasonality of Arctic Stream Systems (CSASN) did extensive arctic stream research from 2010 to 2012. Specifically, the CSASN goal was to quantify the relative influences of through flow, lateral inputs, and hyporheic regeneration on the seasonal fluxes C, N, and P in an arctic river network, and determine how these influences will shift under seasonal conditions that are likely to be substantially different in the future. Throughout the project, samples were collected from Benthic Rock Scrubs and Fine Benthic Organic Matter (FBOM).

CSASN Channel Nutrients from 2010 to 2012 in I8 Inlet, I8 Outlet, Peat Inlet and Kuparuk Rivers

The Changing Seasonality of Arctic Stream Systems (CSASN) was active from 2010 to 2012. The CSASN goal was to quantify the relative influences of through flow, lateral inputs, and hyporheic regeneration on the seasonal fluxes C, N, and P in an arctic river network, and to determine how these influences might shift under seasonal conditions that are likely to be substantially different in the future. During the project, background samples were collected from four stream channels and analyzed for a variety of nutrients.

Whole stream metabolism (I8 Inlet, I8 Outlet; Peat Inlet; Kuparuk): Changing seasonality of Arctic stream systems project

The Changing Seasonality of Arctic Stream Systems (CSASN) was active from 2010 to 2012. The CSASN goal was to quantify the relative influences of through flow, lateral inputs, and hyporheic regeneration on the seasonal fluxes C, N, and P in an arctic river network, and to determine how these influences might shift under seasonal conditions that are likely to be substantially different in the future. Whole Stream Metabolism was calculated using dissolved oxygen, discharge, stage, and temperature measured by sounds deployed in the field.