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FIGURE 5 in A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not?

FIGURE 5. Xeniamia atrithorax, paratypes, left side of caudal complex: A. with one epural and fin rays, ZMMU 23156, 24.5 mm SL. B. with two epurals and fin rays detached, ZMMU 23156, 25.0 mm SL. Specimens cleared and stained. e = epural; ph = parhypural; tc = terminal centrum; 1+2, 3–5 = hypurals, by A.M. Prokofiev, scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new genus and species of cardinalfish (Percomorpha, Apogonidae, Sphaeramiini) from the coastal waters of Vietnam: luminescent or not?

FIGURE 1. Xeniamia atrithorax, holotype, left side, USNM 436743, 25.1mm SL, female, by T.H. Fraser, scale= 4mm.

FIGURE 1 in A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines

FIGURE 1. Lateral view of the left side of Gymnapogon janus n. sp. by T. Fraser. A. Holotype USNM 314651, 62.5 mm SL, fixed in formalin, preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol B., Paratype USNM 150854, 55.9 mm SL, fixed in ethyl alcohol, preserved in 70% ethyl alcohol. Caudal fin apparently damaged post radiograph.

FIGURE 3. Gymnapogon janus n in A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines

FIGURE 3. Gymnapogon janus n. sp., holotype USNM 314651, 62.5 mm SL, Incomplete pattern of free neuromasts and canal pores of the head. A. Dorsal view. B Right lateral view reversed. C. Ventral view of right dentary. AI=anterior supraorbital pore, AN=anterior nare, M= mandibular pore, P=preopercle spine, PN=posterior nare. Scale = 3 mm.

FIGURE 2. Gymnapogon janus n in A new species of cardinalfish (Gymnapogon, Gymnapogonini, Apogonidae, Percomorpha) from the Philippines

FIGURE 2. Gymnapogon janus n. sp., positive radiographs from negatives taken by Sandra Raredon. A. Holotype USNM 314651 mm SL, B., Paratype USNM 150854, 55.9 mm SL.

FIGURE 26. A–C in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 26. A–C. Kurtus gulliveri from Guitel (1913). A. micropyle with radial ridges and filaments, light microscope B. the micropyle, light microscope and C. the bi-lobed egg mass. D–F. Apogonidae, all scanning electron microscope. D. Ostorhinchus nitidus = holotaenia, micropyle, ridges and filaments, courtesy of Kwang-Tsao Shao. E. Apogon talboti, micropyle, ridges and filaments, courtesy of Lev Fishelson. F. Siphamia permutata = tubifer, micropyle and ridges, courtesy of Lev Fishelson.

FIGURE 25 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 25. Partial semi-diagrammatic composite distribution of free neuromasts (dots) and partial canals and pores of Kurtus indicus, UF 182306, 94 mm SL, male. A. Dorsal view of head and nape. B. Lateral view of head and anterior body. C. Ventral view of the dentary, mental to articular pore. Scale = 5 mm.

FIGURE 24 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 24. Kurtus gulliveri, male, lateral view of the neurocranium, 70 mm, from de Beaufort (1914), table XII, figure 1, scanned and edited by T. Fraser with updated nomenclature, traced sutures, thinner lines elsewhere and some additional shading. The neurocranium probably from the 280 mm SL specimen in his figure 3.

FIGURE 22 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 22. Kurtus gulliveri, cleared and counter stained anterior dorsal elements. A. 8 mm SL. B. 9 mm SL. C. 14 mm SL. neural spines = 1–3, supraneurals = S1–3, SS = supernumerary spine, proximal-middle radials = P1–6, serial dorsal spines = I– V, distal radials = R3–6. Clearing, staining and original photographs by G. David Johnson.

FIGURE 21 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 21. Radiographs by S. Raredon inverted as positives. A. Kurtus gulliveri, USNM 217311, 103 mm SL. C. Kurtus indicus, USNM 372503, 69 mm SL. tenth vertebrae = 10. Inset B K. gulliveri, ribs 3–8. Inset D Kurtus indicus, ribs 3–13. White arrows point to inferior foramen for the 12th and 16th vertebra and present in all caudal vertebrae except PU3 to terminal centrum for K. gulliveri and K. indicus.

FIGURE 20. A in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 20. A. Kurtus indicus, UF 182306, 93.7 mm SL, Sri Lanka, off of Myiddy, 19 Mar 1970, preserved in ethyl alcohol, male. B. Kurtus gulliveri, 180 mm SL, Fly River, Papua New Guinea, perimortem, by Gerald R. Allen.

FIGURE 19 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 19. Ventral view of left dentary from mental to articular pores. Scale = 1 mm. A. Taeniamia leai, semi-diagrammatic for pores, free neuromasts obscured or missing, USNM 356269, 65.1 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, semi-diagrammatic, for pores, free neuromasts (dots), dentition of premaxilla partially visible. USNM 276669, 50.0 mm SL.

FIGURE 23. Kurtus gulliveri, A in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 23. Kurtus gulliveri, A. Cleared and counter stained anterior anal fin of 21 mm SL specimen. B. Cleared and counter stained caudal complex of 8.9 mm SL specimen. Red = bone, blue = cartilage. A. nubbin = N, proximal-middle radials = P1–4, distal radials = R1–3, serial branched soft rays = 1–3, supernumerary spines = I–II. B. epurals = e1–3, haemal spines = hs, hypurals = h1–5, neural spines = ns, parhypural = p, second preural centrum = pu2, terminal centrum = tc. Clearing, staining and original photographs by G. David Johnson.

FIGURE 16 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 16. Semi-diagrammatic fourth lateral-line scales, left side, growth rings not shown. A. Taeniamia leai, USNM 356272, 53 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 276669, 50 mm SL. C. Kurtus indicus UF 182306, 94 mm SL, scale enlarged 7.6X. D. Kurtus indicus UF 182306, 94 mm SL, lateral-line scale at size for size comparison with scale illustrated for Archamia bleekeri. Scale for A, B and D = 1 mm., Scale for C = 0.25 mm.

FIGURE 17 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 17. Partial dorsal view of pores and free neuromasts (dots). Scales = 1 mm. A. Taeniamia leai, semi-diagrammatic, free neuromasts (dots) obscured or missing, USNM 356269, 65.1 mm SL. B. Archamia bleekeri, semi-diagrammatic, some pores and free neuromasts (dots) obscured or missing on head, USNM 276669, 50.0 mm SL.

FIGURE 15 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 15. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of Taeniamia macroptera, 53 mm SL from Fraser (1972) plate 37. Scale = 1mm.

FIGURE 13 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 13. Dorsal (A) and lateral (B) view of Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 12 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 12. Dorsal view of infraorbitals with shelves. A. Archamia bleekeri, USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL, right side. B. Taeniamia leai, USNM306823, 55 mm SL, left side laterally reversed. C. Kurtus indicus, USNM 267150, 63 mm SL, right side. infraorbital = 1–6, shelf = S. Scale = 1 mm.

FIGURE 1. Archamia bleekeri A–E in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 1. Archamia bleekeri A–E: A. Durban, South Africa, by D. King. B. El Nido, northern Palawan, Philippines, by G. Allen. C. RMNH 33305, Lectotype, Indonesia. 52.8 mm SL, by T Fraser. D. BPBM 27640, 45 mm SL, Kovalam, India, by J. Randall. E. USNM 276669, 49.2 SL, Pulau Nias, Sumatra, Indonesia, by T. Fraser. Taeniamia leai F–K: F. Adult, near Noumea, New Caledonia, by R. Myers. G. Adult, Lord Howe I., by N. Coleman. H. Juvenile, New Caledonia, by G.R. Allen. I. USNM 356269, 55 mm SL, One Tree I., Queensland, Australia. J. F308, Syntype, 68 mm SL, Norfolk I., by T. Fraser. K. Figure of Archamia leai, syntype, 68 mm SL, by E. R. Waite, 1916 from Plate 45.

FIGURE 9. Pectoral girdle. A. Archamia bleekeri USNM 356291, 37.6 in A new genus of cardinalfish (Apogonidae: Percomorpha), redescription of Archamia and resemblances and relationships with Kurtus (Kurtidae: Percomorpha)

FIGURE 9. Pectoral girdle. A. Archamia bleekeri USNM 356291, 37.6 mm SL, left side. B. Kurtus indicus USNM 267150, 63.0 mm SL, left side. extrascapular = E, posttemporal = PT, supracleithrum = SC, = cleithrum = CL, coracoid = CO, scapula = S, radials = R, upper postcleithrum = UP, = lower post cleithrum = LP, shaded areas = cartilage stain. Scale = 1 mm.