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Fig 14. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 14. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.
Fig 13. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 13. Carrhotus taprobanicus Simon, 1902. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum, ventral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PEB = posterior epigynal border; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.
Fig 12. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020.A–B. Palp.A. Ventral view.B. Retrolateral view.C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 12. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020.A–B. Palp.A. Ventral view.B. Retrolateral view.C–D. Epigynum. C. Ventral view. D. Dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.
Fig 9 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 9. Carrhotus lobatus sp. nov., palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.
Fig 7 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 7. Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B. Palp. A. Ventral view. B. Retrolateral view. C. Epigynum ventral view. D. Vulva dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; E = embolus; FD = fertilization duct; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; S = spermatheca; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 0.2 mm; C–D = 0.1 mm.
Fig. 11. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Palp. E–F in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig. 11. Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–H. Palp. E–F. Ventral view; the arrows showing the embolus tip directed in clockwise (11E) or directed in apical (11F). G–H. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–H = 0.2 mm.
Fig 8 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 8. Carrhotus lobatus sp. nov. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Palp, C. Ventral view. D. Retrolateral view. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis; TE = tegulum. Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C–D = 0.2 mm.
Fig 4 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 4. Carrhotus albosetosus sp. nov. A. Epigynum, ventral view. B. Vulva, dorsal view. Abbreviations: AG = accessory gland; CO = copulatory opening; FD = fertilization duct; S = spermatheca. Scale bars = 0.1 mm.
Fig 1 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 1. The single most likely tree obtained by ML analysis of the combined molecular data in RAxML– VI–HPC. The numbers above the nodes represent bootstrap values (only values 50 and above are given). Nodes that are unsupported have been collapsed. Collection country is given if available. In life images: A. Carrhotus albosetosus sp. nov. from Pillikutuwa. B. C. taprobanicus Simon, 1902 from Gomaraya. C. C. silanthi Caleb, 2020 from Ussangoda. D. C. silanthi from Giants Tank Sanctuary. E. C. atratus sp. nov. from Hiyare. F. C. viduus from Mandaitivu.
Fig 3 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 3. Carrhotus albosetosus sp. nov., female. A. Habitus, dorsal view. B. Habitus, ventral view. C. Epigynum. Scale bars: A–B = 2 mm; C = 0.1 mm.
Fig 6 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 6. Carrhotus atratus sp. nov. A–B. Male habitus. A. Dorsal view. B. Ventral view. C–D. Female habitus. C. Dorsal view. D. Ventral view. E–F. Palp. E. Ventral view. F. Retrolateral view. G. Epigynum. Abbreviations: E = embolus; PLP = posterior lateral protrusion; RTA = retrolateral tibial apophysis. Scale bars: A–D = 2 mm; E–F = 0.2 mm; G = 0.1 mm.
Fig 10 in Phylogenetic placement of Carrhotus Thorell, 1891 with three new species from Sri Lanka (Araneae: Salticidae)
Fig 10. Photographs of live Carrhotus silanthi Caleb, 2020, males. A–C. From Giants Tank Sanctuary. D–F. From Ussangoda.
Stress placement in Stress-standard Serbo-Croatian (speakers from Bor, Niš, Zaječar)
<p>In order to obtain a good overview of the stress standard SC situation, we assembled a database of the 3000 most frequent verbs in the Serbian variety of standard Serbo-Croatian. For this purpose we used the web corpus srWac (Ljubešić & Klubička 2014).</p> <p>We asked four stress standard SC speakers (two from Niš, one from Bor and one from Zaječar) to pronounce one finite and one non-finite form of each verb. The speakers were asked to use the variety they would speak when talking to a stranger from their own hometown in a relatively formal setting (e.g. at a doctor’s or a government office). </p> <p>Explanation of columns:</p> <p>INF: Citation form of the verb</p> <p>Theme type: Theme vowel class for transparent verbs, example verb used in the paper for intrasparent ones</p> <p>Transparency: "tra" for transparent verbs, "intra" for nontransparent verbs.</p> <p>N1_form_NF: Non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by speaker 1 from Niš.<br> N1_form_NF_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by speaker 1 from Niš, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).<br> N1_form_F: Finite (present-tense-based) form produced by speaker 1 from Niš.<br> N1_form_F_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the the finite (present-tense-based) form produced by speaker 1 from Niš, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).</p> <p> </p> <p>N2_form_NF: Non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by speaker 2 from Niš.<br> N2_form_NF_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by speaker 2 from Niš, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).<br> N2_form_F: Finite (present-tense-based) form produced by speaker 2 from Niš.<br> N2_form_F_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the the finite (present-tense-based) form produced by speaker 2 from Niš, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).</p> <p>B_form_NF: Non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by the speaker from Bor.<br> B_form_NF_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by the speaker from Bor, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).<br> B_form_F: Finite (present-tense-based) form produced by the speaker from Bor.<br> B_form_F_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the the finite (present-tense-based) form produced by the speaker from Bor, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).</p> <p>Z_form_NF: Non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by the speaker from Zaječar.<br> Z_form_NF_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the non-finite (infinitive-based) form produced by the speaker from Zaječar, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).<br> Z_form_F: Finite (present-tense-based) form produced by the speaker from Zaječar.<br> Z_form_F_Stress_from_INFL: Location of stress in the the finite (present-tense-based) form produced by the speaker from Zaječar, counting from the INFL (i.e. from the +).</p> <p><br> </p>
Fig. 4 in A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 4. The result of statistical analysis of morphometric characters of type and non-type specimens of Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. from rivers Krasnaya, Neris, Šerkšnė, Siesartis, and Žeimena (method of principal components was used). The numbers correspond to the places where the sculpins were caught, as indicated on the map (Fig. 1).
Fig. 2 in A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 2. Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (ZIN 56687), SL 83.3 mm, TL 99.0 mm, Krasnaya River, near Tokarevka village, 54º24'59.4" N 22º23'50.4" E. 3D scan images. a. Lateral view. b. Dorsal view. c. Ventral view.
Fig. 1 in A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 1. The map of sampling sites showing the distribution of Cottus cyclophtalmus sp. nov. The numbers indicate sampling sites in various rivers: 1. Krasnaya River. 2. Neris River. 3. Žeimena River. 4. Siesartis River. 5. Šerkšnė River. The star marks the type locality of the new species; the circles mark sampling sites of non-type specimens; the triangle marks the locality where specimen of Cottus microstomus sp. nov. was caught.
Fig. 3 in A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 3. The zoological picture of the holotype of Cottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. (ZIN 56687), SL 83.3 mm, lateral view.
Fig. 5 in A new species of the genus Cottus (Scorpaeniformes, Cottidae) from the Baltic Sea Basin and its phylogenetic placement
Fig. 5. The result of the DFA carried out on morphometric characters to discriminateCottus cyclophthalmus sp. nov. (green), Cottus gobio Linnaeus, 1758 (blue), and Cottus koshewnikowi Gratzianov, 1907 (red).
Interrogating genomic data in the phylogenetic placement of treeshrews reveals potential sources of conflict
<p>The position of some taxa on the Tree of Life remains controversial despite the increase in genomic data used to infer phylogenies. While analyzing large datasets alleviates stochastic errors, it does not prevent systematic errors in inference, caused by both biological (e.g., incomplete lineage sorting, hybridization) and methodological (e.g., incorrect modeling, erroneous orthology assessments) factors. In this study, we systematically investigated factors that could result in these controversies, using the treeshrew (Scandentia, Mammalia) as a study case. Recent studies have narrowed the phylogenetic position of treeshrews to three competing hypotheses: sister to primates and flying lemurs (Primatomorpha), sister to rodents and lagomorphs (Glires), or sister to a clade comprising all of these. We sampled 50 mammal species including three treeshrews, a selection of taxa from the potential sister groups, and outgroups. Using a large diverse set of loci, we assessed support for the alternative phylogenetic position of treeshrews. The results suggest that the data has statistical support for two hypotheses for the placements of treeshrews, sister to Primatomorpha and to Primatomorpha + Glires. While we observe differences in properties of loci of different types (e.g., CDS, intron, etc.) with respect to the strength of the signal, the support for any particular topology is not dependent on the properties of the data. Rather, we show that the method of phylogenetic signal assessment, as well as whether the signal is measured using the full dataset or only loci with the strongest signal, impacts the results much more.</p>
Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013). in Fraxinus L. (Oleaceae) Fruits From The Early Oligocene Of Southwest China And Their Biogeographic Implications
Text-fig. 6. Stratigraphic and phylogenetic placement inferred for fossil Fraxinus fruits. Only Fraxinus fossil fruits identified on the section level are included. The black color represents selected fossil fruits from published literature (excluding some Eocene North American occurrences not assigned to section), the red color represents the fossil fruits from the Lühe flora, Yunnan, Southwest China. The phylogenetic relationships are based on Hinsinger et al. (2013).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
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International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.