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76 results for “Plant-pollinator interaction”
Data from: Influence of plant-pollinator interactions on the assembly of plant and hummingbird communities
Understanding how ecological processes structure species assemblages is a central issue in community ecology. While the influence of plant–pollinator interactions on each other's evolution is well recognized, their role in the assembly of interdependent communities of plants and pollinators is still unclear. Using data from seven communities of hummingbirds and plants that they pollinate from two tropical rain forest types (lowland and montane), we evaluated phylogenetic relationships and signal of functional traits, over space and time, to test predictions on the main processes (environmental filtering, facilitation or competition) that are driving these hummingbird–plant assemblages. Our findings suggest that the main processes driving these assemblages varied between hummingbirds and plants and between habitats, and even among communities at the same habitat. The non-conserved floral trait and the phylogenetic patterns (even or random) give support to the hypothesis of facilitation or competition as processes regulating the composition of plant assemblages. Moreover, the positive relationship between fitness and flowering synchrony suggests facilitation as the most important mechanism for montane plant communities. Distinctively, for lowland plant communities, the combination of non-conserved traits and clustered phylogenetic patterns may be a result of either adaptive radiation or biotic filtering driven by a particular pollinator species that plays a main role as plant community organizer. Lastly, evidence of trait conservatism, together with clustered or even phylogenetic patterns, suggests that facilitation or competition may drive the assembly of montane hummingbird communities, despite the predominance of random phylogenetic patterns. Synthesis. Overall, we present a pathway to identify central ecological processes that may drive the assembly of plant–pollinator communities. We show that different processes related with pollination that vary in space and time may contribute to the assembly of the interdependent tropical communities of plants and pollinators. These findings highlight the importance of considering ecological interactions when evaluating community assembly processes.
Figure 14. A in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 14. A relationship between fore wing length and tongue length of the observed bees and syrphid flies.
Figure 13. A in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 13. A scatter chart of non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) ordination of flower-visitor assemblages (stress value = 0.22). Pearson and Kendall correlations of 13 guilds with ordination axes are shown in red arrows.
Figure 17 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 17. Comparison of pollination systems among different habits of the plants observed in the montane forests in Laos.
Figure 9 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 9. Flowers visited by dipterans. (a) Curculigo crassifolia visited by a syrphid fly; (b) Lindera tonkinensis visited by a muscid fly; (c) Flueggea virosa visited by a mosquito; (d) Breynia retusa visited by a cecidomyiid midge; (e) Isodon coetsa visited by a syrphid fly; (f) Arisaema balansae visited by a mycetophilid midge (spathe dissected); (g, h) Alocasia odora visited by a drosophilid fly; (i) Maesa sp. visited by a sciarid midge.
Figure 7 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 7. Flowers visited by long-tongued bees and flies. (a) Derris scandens visited by Bombus sp.; (b) Amalocalyx microlobus visited by Bombus trifasciatus; (c) Zingiber zerumbet visited by B. trifasciatus; (d, e) Myrioneuron faberi visited by Elaphropoda; (f) Alpinia kwangsiensis visited by Xylocopa caerulea; (g) Phlogacanthus sp. visited by long-tongued syrphid fly.
Figure 5 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 5. Seasonal changes in numbers of bees observed on flowers: (a) honeybees of subgenera Megapis and Apis; (b) honeybees of subgenus Micrapis and stingless bees; (c) bumblebees; (d) Anthophorini; (e) Xylocopini, Ctenoplectini and Megachilidae; (f) Halictidae, Colletidae and Melittidae.
Figure 4 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 4. Seasonal changes in the number of observed flowering plant species at the study sites in Laos. The letter 'n' in the graph denotes a lack of data.
Figure 12 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 12. Flowers visited by thrips and bugs. (a, b) Chloranthus nervosus visited by thrips; (c) Mytilaria laosensis visited by thrips; (d, e) Dioscorea bulbifera visited by thrips; (f) Maesa sp., visited by a mecopteran; (g) Elatostema involucratum visited by a mirid bug; (h) Elatostema balansae visited by a mirid bug.
Figure 10 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 10. Flowers visited by beetles. (a, b) Fissistigma cupreonitens visited by chrysomelid beetles, an inner petal removed to show the inner chamber in (b); (c) Gentiana zollingeri visited by a scarabaeid beetle; (d) Melastoma malabathrica visited by scarabaeid beetles; (e) Photinia prunifolia visited by a scarabaeid beetle; (f) Lithocarpus elegans visited by a cerambycid beetle; (g) Euodia lepta visited by cerambycid beetles; (h) Photinia prunifolia visited by a cerambycid beetle; (i) Melastoma malabathrica visited by a meloid beetle, Mylabris phalerata; (j) Lithocarpus mucronata visited by a dermatid beetle; (k) Vitex leptobotrys visited by a curculionid beetle.
Figure 8 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 8. Flowers visited by small bees and wasps. (a) Embelia ribes visited by a stingless bee; (b) Thladiantha sp. visited by Ctenoplectra cornuta (visitor not in the photo); (c) Uncaria scandens visited by a halictid bee; (d) Sterculia henryi visited by a halictid bee; (e) Ludwigia hyssopifolia visited by a halictid bee; (f) Lysimachia siamensis visited by a Macropis orientalis bee; (g) Baliospermum montanum visited by a scoliid wasp; (h) Euphorbia lathyris visited by an ant; (i) Euodia lepta visited by an eumenid wasp; (j) Cynoglossum zeylanicum visited by an eumenid wasp; (k) Photinia prunifolia visited by an eumenid wasp.
Figure 2 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 2. Seasonal changes in monthly temperature (averages of monthly maximum, mean and minimum) and rainfall at Xam Neua near S4.
Figure 6 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 6. Flowers visited by honeybees: A. laboriosa (a–c), A. dorsata (d–f), Apis cerana (g–k) and A. florea (l). (a) Castanopsis diversifolia; (b) Castanopsis diversifolia; (c) Rubus multibracteatus; (d) Stachytarpheta jamaicensis; (E) Symplocos ramosissima; (f) Pogostemon nelsonii; (g) Ageratum houstonianum; (h) Photinia prunifolia; (i) Rubus obcordatus; (j) Bidens pilosa var. radiata; (k) Ixeris gracilis; (l) Photinia prunifolia.
Figure 3 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 3. Landscapes of the study sites S1–S5. (a) a meadow at S1; (b) paddy fields and secondary deciduous forests at S2; (c) a subtropical evergreen forest at S3; (d) a landscape at S4; (e) a valley inhabited by several Impatiens species at S4; (f) an evergreen oak forest near the summit of a mountain at S4; (g) a riverine forest inhabited by Mytilaria laosensis at S4; (h) limestone hills at S5.
Figure 11 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 11. Flowers visited by lepidopterans. (a) Isodon glaucocalyx visited by papilionid butterfly Papilio polytes; (b) Barleria cristata visited by a papilionid butterfly Papilio protenor; (c) Mussaenda cambodiana visited by a papilionid butterfly Troides helena; (d) Baliospermum montanum visited by a lycaenid butterfly Heliophorus epicles; (e) Lindera tonkinensis visited by a lycaenid butterfly Pithecos corbus; (f) Blumea martiniana visited by a nymphalid butterfly Zemeros flegyas; (g) Lindera tonkinensis visited by a nymphalid butterfly Yptima confusa; (h) Impatiens violaeflora visited by a hesperiid butterfly Onryza siamica; (i) Pottsia laxiflora visited by a pierid butterfly Appias albina; (j) Swertia aungustifolia visited by an arctiid moth and a hovering blue-banded Amegilla bee; (k) Ligustrum indicum visited by an arctiid moth.
Figure 16 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 16. The observed plant–pollinator network between flowers and eight groups of long-tongued bees. See Table 2 for plant species codes.
Figure 15 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 15. Flowers of eight observed Impatiens species (Bal1–Bal8): (a) I. chinensis; (b) I. commellinoides; (c) I. ernestii; (d) I. longiloba; (e) I. mengtszeana; (f) I. rubricolor; (g) I. tigrina; (h) I. violaeflora.
Figure 18 in Community-level plant-pollinator interactions in a Palaeotropical montane evergreen oak forest ecosystem
Figure 18. Comparison of pollination systems among climatic and geographical regions: subalpine forests and meadows at Mt. Kushigata, central Japan (Kato 2000; Kato et al. 1993b), cool temperate deciduous forests at Ashu (Kato et al. 1990), warm temperate evergreen forest ecosystem at Amami Island (Kato 2000), montane evergreen forests in Laos (this paper), tropical monsoon forest ecosystem at lowland Laos (Kato et al. 2008), Bornean tropical rain forests at Lambir Hills National Park in Malaysia (Momose et al. 1998), and a Neotropical rain forest at La Selva (Kress and Beach 1994). The asterisk denotes large bees including long-tongued bees and carpenter bees.
Data for: A test of Sensory Drive in plant-pollinator interactions: habitat heterogeneity shapes pollinator preference for a floral visual signal
<p>DATA:</p> <p>FinnKoski_PollData_Final: Pollinator visitation data to floral arrays analyzed</p> <p>Spectra used for vismodels.zip: reflectance spectra of flowers and floral backgrounds, irradiance spectra</p> <p>ColorContrastData: visual contrast data analyzed</p> <p>CODE: </p> <p>vismod_code.R : code used for visual system modeling and calculation of contrast</p> <p>SAS_modelcode.R: SAS code used to analyze pollinator visitation data and color contrast data</p>
Individual flowering phenology shapes plant-pollinator interactions across ecological scales affecting plant reproduction
<p>1. The balance of pollination competition and facilitation amongst co-flowering plants and abiotic resource availability can modify plant species and individual reproduction. Floral resource succession and spatial heterogeneity modulate plant-pollinator interactions across ecological scales (individual plant, local assemblage, interaction network of agroecological infrastructure across the farm). Intraspecific variation in flowering phenology can modulate the precise level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in floral resources, pollen donor density and pollinator interactions that a plant individual is exposed to, thereby affecting reproduction.</p> <p>2. We tested how abiotic resources and multi-scale plant-pollinator interactions affected individual plant seed set, modulated by intraspecific variation in flowering phenology and spatio-temporal floral heterogeneity arising from agroecological infrastructure. We transplanted two focal insect-pollinated plant species (<em>Cyanus</em> <em>segetum</em> and <em>Centaurea</em> <em>jacea</em>, n = 288) into agroecological infrastructure (10 sown wildflower, 6 legume-grass strips) across a farm-scale experiment (125 ha).</p> <p>3. We applied an individual-based phenologically explicit approach to match precisely the flowering period of plant individuals to the concomitant level of spatio-temporal heterogeneity in plant-pollinator interactions, potential pollen donors, floral resources and abiotic conditions (temperature, water, nitrogen).</p> <p>4. Individual plant attractiveness, assemblage floral density and conspecific pollen donor density (<em>C</em>. <em>jacea</em>) improved seed set. Network linkage density increased focal species' seed set and modified the effect of local assemblage richness and abundance on <em>C</em>. <em>segetum</em>. Mutual dependence on pollinators in networks increased <em>C</em>. <em>segetum</em> seed set, while <em>C</em>. <em>jacea</em> seed set was greatest where both specialization on pollinators and mutual dependence was high. Abiotic conditions were of little or no importance to seed set.</p> <p>5. Intra- and interspecific plant-pollinator interactions respond to spatio-temporal heterogeneity arising from agroecological management affecting wild plant species reproduction. The interplay of pollinator interactions within and between ecological scales affecting seed set implies a co-occurrence of pollinator-mediated facilitative and competitive interactions among plant species and individuals. </p>
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