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Fig. 1 in Classification of pleurodire polystomes (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Polystomatidae) revisited with the description of two new genera from the Australian and Neotropical Realms
Fig. 1. Lateroventral vaginae as observed for Neopolystoma kreffti (A), Uropolystomoides scottae (B) and Polystomoides brasiliensis (C). Annotations: gb, genital bulb; ov, ovary; te, testis; vg, vaginae. Scale bar = 200 μm.
Fig. 6 in Classification of pleurodire polystomes (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Polystomatidae) revisited with the description of two new genera from the Australian and Neotropical Realms
Fig. 6. Hamuli of Polystomoides spp. A = Polystomoides japonicum Ozaki, 1935; B = Polystomoides magdalenensis Lenis and Garcia-Prieto, 2009; C = Polystomoides ocellatum (Rudolphi, 1819); D = Polystomoides pauli (Timmers and Lewis, 1979); E = Polystomoides platynotae Combes and Rohde, 1979; F = Polystomoides rohdei; G = Polystomoides brasiliensis; H = Polystomoides fuquesi Man´e-Garzon and Gil, 1962; I = Polystomoides uruguayensis Man´e-Garzon and Gil, 1961. Scale bar = 50 μm.
Fig. 2 in Classification of pleurodire polystomes (Platyhelminthes, Monogenea, Polystomatidae) revisited with the description of two new genera from the Australian and Neotropical Realms
Fig. 2. Violin plot of inter-vaginal distance as % of the body width at the level of the vagina. The plot visualises the probability density of the data at different values. Within each violin is a marker for the median of the data as well as marker indicating the interquartile range. A = Aussietrema infecting pleurodires; B = Neopolystoma infecting pleurodires; C = Polystomoides infecting pleurodires; D = Uropolystomoides infecting pleurodires of the Australian Realm; E = Uropolystomoides infecting pleurodires of the Ethiopian Realm; F = Fornixtrema infecting cryptodires; G = Neopolystoma infecting cryptodires; G = Polystomoides infecting cryptodires; I = Uropolystomoides infecting cryptodires; J = Apalonotrema moleri infecting a cryptodire host. K = Uteropolystomoides nelsoni infecting a cryptodire host.
Table 4 in Indopolystoma n. gen. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae) with the description of three new species and reassignment of eight known Polystoma species from Asian frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae)
<p><b>Table 4.</b> Body measurements of <i>Indopolystoma</i> spp.</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Parasite species</th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th><th><i>Indopolystoma</i></th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th></th><td><i>viridi</i> n. sp.</td><td><i>elongatum</i> n. sp.</td><td><i>parvum</i> n. sp.</td><td><i>carvirostris</i></td><td><i>hakgalense</i></td><td><i>indicum</i></td><td><i>leucomystax</i></td><td><i>mutus</i> n. comb.</td><td><i>pingbianensis</i></td><td><i>rhacophori</i></td><td><i>zuoi</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>n. comb.</td><td>n. comb.</td><td>n. comb.</td><td>n. comb.</td><td></td><td>n. comb.</td><td>n. comb.</td><td>n. comb.</td></tr><tr><th>Host species</th><td><i>Zhangixalus</i></td><td><i>Zhangixalus arboreus Zhangixalus</i></td><td><i>Kurixalus bisacculus</i></td><td><i>Taruga</i></td><td><i>Rhacophorus</i></td><td><i>Polypedates</i></td><td><i>Polypedates</i></td><td><i>Zhangixalus</i></td><td><i>Zhangixalus</i></td><td><i>Feihyla</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td><i>viridis</i></td><td></td><td><i>omeimontis</i></td><td>or <i>Kurixalus</i></td><td><i>eques</i></td><td><i>nigropalmatus</i></td><td><i>leucomystax</i></td><td><i>mutus</i></td><td><i>dugritei</i></td><td><i>arboreus</i></td><td><i>palpebralis</i></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><i>verrucosus</i></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Site</th><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td><td>Bladder</td></tr><tr><th>Locality</th><td>Japan</td><td>Japan</td><td>China</td><td>China</td><td>Sri Lanka</td><td>India</td><td>China</td><td>China</td><td>China</td><td>Japan</td><td>China</td></tr><tr><th>Number of mature specimens</th><td>15</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>10</td><td>12</td><td>8</td><td>5</td><td>2</td><td>6–7</td><td>–</td><td>3</td></tr><tr><th>Body length</th><td>8550</td><td>14,791</td><td>4714</td><td>5070</td><td>(3870–9230)</td><td>12,556</td><td>7568</td><td>7338</td><td>9428</td><td>(4500–6000)</td><td>2716 (1624–3533)</td></tr><tr><th></th><td>(5532–11,907)</td><td>(12,847–14,878)</td><td>(4536–4891)</td><td>(4030–7790)</td><td></td><td>(6732–16,614)</td><td>(6665–8514)</td><td>(6875–7800)</td><td>(6000–12,000)</td><td></td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Greatest width</th><td>2112 (1534–2859)</td><td>3182 (3170–3270)</td><td>1916 (1701–2130)</td><td>1130 (810–1400)</td><td>(890–1790)</td><td>4164 (2222–5641)</td><td>2732 (2542–3311)</td><td>3063 (2550–3575) 1990 (1640–2390) (1000–1900)</td><td>1280 (1202–1904)</td></tr><tr><th>Width at vagina</th><td>1481 (1175–1800)</td><td>1967 (1902–2031)</td><td>1402 (1279–1525)</td><td>830</td><td>–</td><td>2057 (1197–2622)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>1572</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Haptor length</th><td>773 (526–1354)</td><td>916 (734–1098)</td><td>667 (584–749)</td><td>680 (500–750)</td><td>(635–794)</td><td>1298 (977–1710)</td><td>824 (753–989)</td><td>913 (875–950)</td><td>869 (424–1253)</td><td>(800–1100)</td><td>701 (632–924)</td></tr><tr><th>Haptor width</th><td>1184 (588–1592)</td><td>1661 (1512–1810)</td><td>1258 (1022–1494)</td><td>890 (640–1500)</td><td>(1016–1509)</td><td>2104 (1584–2466)</td><td>1693 (1355–2040)</td><td>1650 (1425–1875) 784 (415–1374)</td><td>(1100–1600)</td><td>1063 (831–1317)</td></tr><tr><th>False oral sucker</th><td>394 (266–465)</td><td>551 (528–573)</td><td>395 (358–431)</td><td>–</td><td>(189–402)</td><td>466 (236–574)</td><td>392 (194–424)</td><td>388 (275–500)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>width</th></tr><tr><th>Pharynx length</th><td>210 (124–268)</td><td>237 (227–247)</td><td>191 (187–194)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>291 (164–395)</td><td>252 (219–286)</td><td>245 (210–280)</td><td>253 (218–328)</td><td>(188–240)</td><td>164</td></tr><tr><th>Pharynx width</th><td>209 (164–244)</td><td>259 (256–268)</td><td>190 (174–205)</td><td>–</td><td>(135–197)</td><td>249 (164–349)</td><td>216 (194–246)</td><td>235 (200–270)</td><td>229 (189–252)</td><td>(188–220)</td><td>151</td></tr><tr><th>Ovary length</th><td>775 (577–925)</td><td>1072 (1062–1108)</td><td>545 (483–606)</td><td>497</td><td>(492–874)</td><td>1049 (504–1368)</td><td>608 (451–683)</td><td>588 (550–625)</td><td>711.5 (453–927)</td><td>(420–630)</td><td>369 (329–400)</td></tr><tr><th>Ovary width</th><td>401 (286–536)</td><td>520 (514–563)</td><td>269 (231–306)</td><td>390</td><td>(207–349)</td><td>499 (288–630)</td><td>259 (191–294)</td><td>400 (375–425)</td><td>–</td><td>(210–340)</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Length of eggs</th><td>241 (191–268)</td><td>240 (224–256)</td><td>221 (219–222)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>205 (190–214)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>307</td><td>(238–300)</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Width of eggs</th><td>125 (74–165)</td><td>118 (106–130)</td><td>103 (93–113)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>132 (125–140)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>165</td><td>(140–163)</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Number of</th><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>1</td><td>0</td><td>–</td><td>up to 40</td><td>0</td><td>0</td><td>1–8</td><td>Usually 1 but</td><td>0</td></tr><tr><th>intra-uterine eggs</th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>sometimes</td><td></td></tr><tr><th></th><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>more than 10</td><td></td></tr><tr><th>Genital bulb width</th><td>105 (67–124)</td><td>139 (129–211)</td><td>83 (75–90)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>(69–76)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Number of genital</th><td>8–9</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>–</td><td>8</td><td>8</td><td>9</td><td>–</td><td>8</td><td>8</td></tr><tr><th>spines</th></tr><tr><th>Length of genital</th><td>40 (27–49)</td><td>41 (38–44)</td><td>17 (16–18)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>39 (38–40)</td><td>–</td><td>39 (38–40)</td><td>–</td><td>42</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>spine</th></tr><tr><th>Haptoral sucker</th><td>333 (242–423)</td><td>420 (380–459)</td><td>335 (281–389)</td><td>259 (212–339)</td><td>(250–320)</td><td>353 (264–465)</td><td>289 (207–356)</td><td>310 (270–350)</td><td>434 (349–491)</td><td>(320–400)</td><td>251 (209–311)</td></tr><tr><th>width</th></tr><tr><th>Hamulus handle length</th><td>313 (276–373)</td><td>407 (303–419)</td><td>326 (311–340)</td><td>285 (257–326)</td><td>(380–440)</td><td>320 (178–414)</td><td>332 (260–410)</td><td>340 (330–350)</td><td>408 (332–441)</td><td>(350–420)</td><td>240 (185–307)</td></tr><tr><th>Hamulus guard length</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>249 (208–306)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>290 (280–300)</td><td>382 (340–461)</td><td>–</td><td>205 (173–265)</td></tr><tr><th>Hamulus hook length</th><td>66 (48–74)</td><td>78.5 (72–85)</td><td>52 (39–64)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>40 (38–43)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Marginal hooklet length</th><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>(16–18) only on suckers</td><td>(20.5–36.9) C1–C2</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>(24–42)</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>Marginal hooklet</th><td>40 (31–44)</td><td>36</td><td>32</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>(38–42)</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>C1 length</th></tr><tr><th>Marginal hooklet</th><td>21.5 (16–31)</td><td>23 (18–32)</td><td>(19–20)</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>(24–27)</td><td>–</td></tr><tr><th>C2–C8 length</th></tr><tr><th>Haptoral length/Body length</th><td>0.09 (0.05–0.17)</td><td>0.06 (0.05–0.07)</td><td>0.14 (0.12–0.165)</td><td>0.13</td><td>0.11</td><td>0.10</td><td>0.11</td><td>0.12</td><td>0.09</td><td>0.18</td><td>0.26</td></tr><tr><th>Number of anastomoses</th><td>0</td><td>>1</td><td>1</td><td>>1</td><td>>1</td><td>1–2</td><td>>1</td><td>>1</td><td>0–1</td><td>>1</td><td>3–4</td></tr></tbody></table><p>Note. To the exception of the newly described species, body measurements for all other species were extracted or estimated from Crusz and Ching [12], Diengdoh and Tandon [13], Fan et al. [19, 20], Meng et al. [33], Shen et al. [40], Yamaguti [53] and Zhang and Long [54].</p><p>“–” means data missing.</p>
Table 3 in Indopolystoma n. gen. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae) with the description of three new species and reassignment of eight known Polystoma species from Asian frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae)
<p><b>Table 3.</b> Matrix of 28S <i>p</i> -distances (lower left) and total differences (upper right) inferred from pairwise comparisons in MEGA7. <i>B. w.</i> refers to <i>B. wittei</i> and <i>Z. s.</i> to <i>Z. smaragdinus</i>. See also Table 1 for other host species.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>[1]</th><th>[2]</th><th>[3]</th><th>[4]</th><th>[5]</th><th>[6]</th><th>[7]</th><th>[8]</th><th>[9]</th><th>[10]</th><th>[11]</th><th>[12]</th><th>[13]</th><th>[14]</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Polystoma cuvieri</i> [1]</th><td>0</td><td>29</td><td>17</td><td>42</td><td>41</td><td>42</td><td>41</td><td>58</td><td>55</td><td>79</td><td>59</td><td>58</td><td>232</td><td>206</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polystoma gallieni</i> [2]</th><td>0.022</td><td>0</td><td>38</td><td>57</td><td>54</td><td>55</td><td>54</td><td>79</td><td>73</td><td>94</td><td>69</td><td>69</td><td>231</td><td>206</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polystoma naevius</i> [3]</th><td>0.013</td><td>0.029</td><td>0</td><td>49</td><td>48</td><td>49</td><td>48</td><td>64</td><td>60</td><td>80</td><td>69</td><td>65</td><td>233</td><td>205</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma</i> sp. (ex <i>Z. s.</i>) [4]</th><td>0.032</td><td>0.044</td><td>0.038</td><td>0</td><td>5</td><td>6</td><td>5</td><td>60</td><td>56</td><td>82</td><td>49</td><td>43</td><td>233</td><td>195</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma viridi</i> n. sp. [5]</th><td>0.032</td><td>0.042</td><td>0.037</td><td>0.004</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>2</td><td>59</td><td>57</td><td>81</td><td>50</td><td>44</td><td>221</td><td>196</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma parvum</i>. n. sp. [6]</th><td>0.032</td><td>0.042</td><td>0.038</td><td>0.005</td><td>0.002</td><td>0</td><td>3</td><td>60</td><td>58</td><td>82</td><td>51</td><td>45</td><td>223</td><td>196</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma elongatum</i> n. sp. [7]</th><td>0.032</td><td>0.042</td><td>0.037</td><td>0.004</td><td>0.002</td><td>0.002</td><td>0</td><td>59</td><td>57</td><td>81</td><td>50</td><td>44</td><td>223</td><td>196</td></tr><tr><th><i>Eupolystoma alluaudi</i> [8]</th><td>0.045</td><td>0.061</td><td>0.049</td><td>0.046</td><td>0.045</td><td>0.046</td><td>0.045</td><td>0</td><td>50</td><td>79</td><td>75</td><td>70</td><td>241</td><td>214</td></tr><tr><th><i>Kankana manampoka</i> [9]</th><td>0.042</td><td>0.056</td><td>0.046</td><td>0.043</td><td>0.044</td><td>0.045</td><td>0.044</td><td>0.038</td><td>0</td><td>66</td><td>69</td><td>59</td><td>239</td><td>211</td></tr><tr><th><i>Madapolystoma</i> sp. (ex <i>B. w.</i>) [10]</th><td>0.061</td><td>0.072</td><td>0.062</td><td>0.063</td><td>0.062</td><td>0.063</td><td>0.062</td><td>0.061</td><td>0.051</td><td>0</td><td>89</td><td>89</td><td>231</td><td>205</td></tr><tr><th><i>Diplorchis ranae</i> [11]</th><td>0.045</td><td>0.053</td><td>0.053</td><td>0.038</td><td>0.038</td><td>0.039</td><td>0.038</td><td>0.058</td><td>0.053</td><td>0.068</td><td>0</td><td>20</td><td>227</td><td>197</td></tr><tr><th><i>Parapolystoma bulliense</i> [12]</th><td>0.045</td><td>0.053</td><td>0.05</td><td>0.033</td><td>0.034</td><td>0.035</td><td>0.034</td><td>0.054</td><td>0.045</td><td>0.068</td><td>0.015</td><td>0</td><td>228</td><td>193</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pseudodiplorchis americanus</i> [13]</th><td>0.178</td><td>0.178</td><td>0.179</td><td>0.172</td><td>0.17</td><td>0.172</td><td>0.172</td><td>0.185</td><td>0.184</td><td>0.178</td><td>0.175</td><td>0.175</td><td>0</td><td>176</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pseudopolystoma dendriticum</i> [14]</th><td>0.158</td><td>0.158</td><td>0.158</td><td>0.15</td><td>0.151</td><td>0.151</td><td>0.151</td><td>0.165</td><td>0.162</td><td>0.158</td><td>0.152</td><td>0.148</td><td>0.135</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table>
Table 1 in Indopolystoma n. gen. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae) with the description of three new species and reassignment of eight known Polystoma species from Asian frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae)
<p><b>Table 1.</b> Species of polystomes investigated with their 18S, 28S, 12S and COI GenBank Accession numbers. <i>Indopolystoma</i> spp. were considered earlier as <i>Polystoma</i> spp. in Verneau et al. [51], Badets et al. [2] and Héritier et al. [22].</p><table><tbody><tr><th>Polystome species</th><th>Host species</th><th>Family</th><th>Country</th><th>18S 28S 12S COI</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Diplorchis ranae</i></th><td><i>Glandirana rugosa</i></td><td>Ranidae</td><td>Japan</td><td>AM157184 AM157198 KR856070 JF699304</td></tr><tr><th><i>Eupolystoma alluaudi</i></th><td><i>Bufo</i> sp.</td><td>Bufonidae</td><td>Togo</td><td>AM051066 AM157199 KR856072 FR667558</td></tr><tr><th><i>Kankana manampoka</i></th><td><i>Platypelis pollicaris</i></td><td>Microhylidae</td><td>Madagascar</td><td>HM854292 HM854293 KR856074 JF699307</td></tr><tr><th><i>Madapolystoma</i> sp.</th><td><i>Blommersia wittei</i></td><td>Mantellidae</td><td>Madagascar</td><td>FM897290 FM897273 KR856075 JF699308</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma elongatum</i> n. sp.</th><td><i>Zhangixalus arboreus</i></td><td>Rhacophoridae</td><td>Japan</td><td>AM157190 AM157213 KR856094 KR856170</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma parvum</i> n. sp.</th><td><i>Z. omeimontis</i></td><td>Rhacophoridae</td><td>China</td><td>AM157189 AM157212 KR856093 KR856169</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma viridi</i> n. sp.</th><td><i>Z. viridis</i></td><td>Rhacophoridae</td><td>Japan</td><td>AM157191 AM157214 KR856095 MN564839</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma</i> * sp.</th><td><i>Z. smaragdinus</i></td><td>Rhacophoridae</td><td>India</td><td>AM157193 AM157216 KR856085 MN564838</td></tr><tr><th><i>Parapolystoma bulliense</i></th><td><i>Litoria gracilenta</i></td><td>Hylidae</td><td>Australia</td><td>AM157186 AM157202 KR856079 KR856166</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polystoma cuvieri</i></th><td><i>Physalaemus cuvieri</i></td><td>Leptodactylidae</td><td>Paraguay</td><td>AM051068 AM157203 KR856080 AM913862</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polystoma gallieni</i></th><td><i>Hyla meridionalis</i></td><td>Hylidae</td><td>France</td><td>AM051070 AM157205 KR856084 JF699305</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polystoma naevius</i></th><td><i>Smilisca baudinii</i></td><td>Hylidae</td><td>Costa Rica</td><td>AM157187 AM157209 KR856089 AM913864</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pseudodiplorchis americanus</i></th><td><i>Scaphiopus couchii</i></td><td>Scaphiopodidae</td><td>USA</td><td>AM051079 AM157219 KR856097 KR856173</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pseudopolystoma dendriticum</i></th><td><i>Onychodactylus japonicus</i></td><td>Hynobiidae</td><td>Japan</td><td>FM992700 FM992707 KR856122 KR856180</td></tr></tbody></table><p><sup>*</sup> This undescribed polystome species, which was recovered from <i>R. maximus</i> of India, was tentatively considered as <i>P. indicum</i> in Verneau et al. [51], Badets et al. [2] and Héritier et al. [22]. Its host species, which was originally considered as <i>R. maximus</i>, should bear the nomen <i>Z. smaragdinus</i>.</p>
Table 2 in Indopolystoma n. gen. (Monogenea, Polystomatidae) with the description of three new species and reassignment of eight known Polystoma species from Asian frogs (Anura, Rhacophoridae)
<p><b>Table 2.</b> Matrix of COI <i>p</i> -distances (lower left) and total differences (upper right) inferred from pairwise comparisons in MEGA7. <i>B. w.</i> refers to <i>B. wittei</i> and <i>Z. s.</i> to <i>Z. smaragdinus</i>. See also Table 1 for other host species.</p><table><tbody><tr><th></th><th>[1]</th><th>[2]</th><th>[3]</th><th>[4]</th><th>[5]</th><th>[6]</th><th>[7]</th><th>[8]</th><th>[9]</th><th>[10]</th><th>[11]</th><th>[12]</th><th>[13]</th><th>[14]</th></tr></tbody><tbody><tr><th><i>Polystoma cuvieri</i> [1]</th><td>0</td><td>50</td><td>49</td><td>65</td><td>72</td><td>64</td><td>69</td><td>78</td><td>70</td><td>72</td><td>64</td><td>67</td><td>75</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polystoma gallieni</i> [2]</th><td>0.146</td><td>0</td><td>55</td><td>64</td><td>66</td><td>61</td><td>64</td><td>78</td><td>67</td><td>73</td><td>67</td><td>71</td><td>80</td><td>69</td></tr><tr><th><i>Polystoma naevius</i> [3]</th><td>0.143</td><td>0.161</td><td>0</td><td>51</td><td>55</td><td>54</td><td>64</td><td>70</td><td>69</td><td>67</td><td>60</td><td>66</td><td>77</td><td>70</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma</i> sp. (ex <i>Z. s.</i>) [4]</th><td>0.19</td><td>0.187</td><td>0.149</td><td>0</td><td>35</td><td>43</td><td>47</td><td>79</td><td>64</td><td>71</td><td>70</td><td>56</td><td>74</td><td>74</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma viridi</i> n. sp. [5]</th><td>0.211</td><td>0.193</td><td>0.161</td><td>0.102</td><td>0</td><td>36</td><td>50</td><td>75</td><td>67</td><td>75</td><td>69</td><td>64</td><td>70</td><td>71</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma parvum</i> n. sp. [6]</th><td>0.187</td><td>0.178</td><td>0.158</td><td>0.126</td><td>0.105</td><td>0</td><td>49</td><td>80</td><td>68</td><td>80</td><td>63</td><td>69</td><td>79</td><td>75</td></tr><tr><th><i>Indopolystoma elongatum</i> n. sp. [7]</th><td>0.202</td><td>0.187</td><td>0.187</td><td>0.137</td><td>0.146</td><td>0.143</td><td>0</td><td>78</td><td>68</td><td>75</td><td>75</td><td>67</td><td>74</td><td>73</td></tr><tr><th><i>Eupolystoma alluaudi</i> [8]</th><td>0.228</td><td>0.228</td><td>0.205</td><td>0.231</td><td>0.219</td><td>0.234</td><td>0.228</td><td>0</td><td>71</td><td>77</td><td>76</td><td>78</td><td>89</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><th><i>Kankana manampoka</i> [9]</th><td>0.205</td><td>0.196</td><td>0.202</td><td>0.187</td><td>0.196</td><td>0.199</td><td>0.199</td><td>0.208</td><td>0</td><td>56</td><td>65</td><td>66</td><td>77</td><td>77</td></tr><tr><th><i>Madapolystoma</i> sp. (ex <i>B. w.</i>) [10]</th><td>0.211</td><td>0.213</td><td>0.196</td><td>0.208</td><td>0.219</td><td>0.234</td><td>0.219</td><td>0.225</td><td>0.164</td><td>0</td><td>78</td><td>77</td><td>71</td><td>87</td></tr><tr><th><i>Diplorchis ranae</i> [11]</th><td>0.187</td><td>0.196</td><td>0.175</td><td>0.205</td><td>0.202</td><td>0.184</td><td>0.219</td><td>0.222</td><td>0.19</td><td>0.228</td><td>0</td><td>65</td><td>72</td><td>76</td></tr><tr><th><i>Parapolystoma bulliense</i> [12]</th><td>0.196</td><td>0.208</td><td>0.193</td><td>0.164</td><td>0.187</td><td>0.202</td><td>0.196</td><td>0.228</td><td>0.193</td><td>0.225</td><td>0.19</td><td>0</td><td>71</td><td>78</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pseudodiplorchis americanus</i> [13]</th><td>0.219</td><td>0.234</td><td>0.225</td><td>0.216</td><td>0.205</td><td>0.231</td><td>0.216</td><td>0.26</td><td>0.225</td><td>0.208</td><td>0.211</td><td>0.208</td><td>0</td><td>82</td></tr><tr><th><i>Pseudopolystoma dendriticum</i> [14]</th><td>0.202</td><td>0.202</td><td>0.205</td><td>0.216</td><td>0.208</td><td>0.219</td><td>0.213</td><td>0.228</td><td>0.225</td><td>0.254</td><td>0.222</td><td>0.228</td><td>0.24</td><td>0</td></tr></tbody></table>
FIGURE 1. Polystoma floridana n in Polystoma floridana n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) a parasite in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Schneider), of North America
FIGURE 1. Polystoma floridana n. sp. Ventral view of holotype; dotted line indicates the outline of the vitelline system. Abbreviations: gb, genital bulb; gi, genito-intestinal canal; ha, hamulus; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mg, Mehlis' gland; mo, mouth; ot, ootype; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; vg, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitellaria; vt, vitelline duct. Scale bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 2 in Polystoma floridana n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) a parasite in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Schneider), of North America
FIGURE 2: Polystoma floridana n. sp. A, hamuli; B, marginal hooklets 1 from holotype and paratypes; C, marginal hooklets 2 from holotype and paratypes; D, marginal hooklets 8 from holotype and paratypes; E, hamulus primordia. Scale-bars: A, 500 µm; B–E, 20 µm.
FIGURE 3 in Polystoma floridana n. sp. (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) a parasite in the green tree frog, Hyla cinerea (Schneider), of North America
FIGURE 3: Scatter diagram of a x b plotted against a x c for P. floridana n. sp. and P. nearcticum. Measurements for oncomiracidia of P. nearcticum were obtained from specimens in the collection of Prof. R.C. Tinsley and the US National Parasite Collection in Beltsville, Maryland, USA.
FIGURE 4. Polystoma africanum. A in A redescription of Polystoma africanum Szidat, 1932 (Monogenea: Polystomatidae)
FIGURE 4. Polystoma africanum. A, hamuli (drawn from adult specimens); B, hamulus primordia; C, marginal hooklets C1; D, marginal hooklets C2-7; E, marginal hooklets C8, (drawn from oncomiracidia). Scale-bars: A 100 µm, B–E 10 µm.
FIGURE 2 in A redescription of Polystoma africanum Szidat, 1932 (Monogenea: Polystomatidae)
FIGURE 2. Polystoma africanum. Ventral view; dotted line indicates the outline of the vitelline system. Abbreviations: eg, egg; gb, genital bulb; gc, genitor-intestinal canal; ha, hamulus; hp, haptor; ia, intercaecal anastomosis; ic, intestinal caecum; mg, Mehlis' gland; mo, mouth; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, testis; ut, uterus; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens; vi, vitellaria. Scale-bar: 1 mm.
FIGURE 1 in A redescription of Polystoma africanum Szidat, 1932 (Monogenea: Polystomatidae)
FIGURE 1. Partial map of Africa with Nigeria enlarged and Edo State where specimens were collected in grey. Type locality of Polystoma africanum marked as a black dot and other known localities as grey dots.
FIGURE 5 in A new genus of polystomatid parasitic flatworm (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) without free-swimming life stage from the Malagasy poison frogs
FIGURE 5. Maximum Likelihood tree inferred from an analysis of 331 nucleotides of DNA sequences of the mitochondrial COI gene. Values along branches correspond to bootstrap proportions after 1,000 replicates. Letters [a] to [h] indicate different individuals of the same polystome candidate species.
FIGURE 2. Madapolystoma biritika n. g., n in A new genus of polystomatid parasitic flatworm (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) without free-swimming life stage from the Malagasy poison frogs
FIGURE 2. Madapolystoma biritika n. g., n. sp. Ventral view of holotype (A) and paratypes (B&C). Abbreviations: gc, genito-intestinal canal; gb, genital bulb; ha, hamulus; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; la, larva; mo, mouth; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, testis distribution; va, vagina; vd, vas deferens. Scale bars: 500 µm.
FIGURE 1. Madapolystoma biritika n. g., n in A new genus of polystomatid parasitic flatworm (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) without free-swimming life stage from the Malagasy poison frogs
FIGURE 1. Madapolystoma biritika n. g., n. sp. A, micrograph of the type specimen. Scale: 500µm; B, Mantella madagascareniensis (specimen from Besariaka); C, M. baroni (specimen from An'Ala); D, M. milotympanum.
FIGURE 4 in A new genus of polystomatid parasitic flatworm (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) without free-swimming life stage from the Malagasy poison frogs
FIGURE 4. Hamulus of Madapolystoma biritika n. g., n. sp. A, hamuli from mature specimens from the host Mantella madagascareniensis; B, hamuli from mature specimens from the host Mantella baroni; C, hamuli from mature specimens from the host Mantella milotympanum. Scale bar = 100 µm.
FIGURE 3. Marginal hooklets 1, 2–7 and 8 in A new genus of polystomatid parasitic flatworm (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) without free-swimming life stage from the Malagasy poison frogs
FIGURE 3. Marginal hooklets 1, 2–7 and 8 from larvae and subadult specimens of Madapolystoma biritika n. g., n. sp. A, hooklets for specimens from Mantella madagascareniensis; B, hooklets for specimens from Mantella baroni; C, hooklets for specimens from Mantella milotympanum. Scale bar = 20 µm.
FIGURE 3. Neopolystoma moleri n in Two new polystomes (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from the eyes of North American freshwater turtles
FIGURE 3. Neopolystoma moleri n. sp. A, marginal hooklets 1 from the holotype and paratypes; B, marginal hooklets 2-8 from the holotype and paratypes. Scale-bars: 10µm.
FIGURE 2. Neopolystoma moleri n in Two new polystomes (Monogenea: Polystomatidae) from the eyes of North American freshwater turtles
FIGURE 2. Neopolystoma moleri n. sp. Ventral view of holotype; the dotted line indicates the outline of the vitellarium. Abbreviations: gb, genital bulb; gi, genito-intestinal canal; hp, haptor; ic, intestinal caecum; mo, mouth; ov, ovary; ph, pharynx; su, sucker; te, testis; vd, vas deferens; vg, vagina; vi, vitellaria; vt, vitelline duct. Scale bar: 1 mm.
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