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1,016 results for “Precursors”
Reproduction package for "What happened before?. Disks around the precursors of young Herbig Ae/Be stars"
<p>This is a basic reproduction package for the paper "What happened before?. Disks around the precursors of young Herbig Ae/Be stars" by Valegard et al. (2021)(https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/202039802). It aims to provide the most important data products to check and reproduce the main results of the paper.</p>
Data presented in figures of "Measurement Report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters and potential precursor molecules present in the free troposphere over the Southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Reunion Island)"
<p>This dataset includes the data shown in the figures of "Measurement Report: Insights into the chemical composition and origin of molecular clusters present in the free troposphere over the Southern Indian Ocean: observations from the Maïdo observatory (2150 m a.s.l., Reunion Island)". Read me files containing information on the reported data can be found in the different folders. </p>
mRNA prime–boost evolves precursors toward VRC01-like broadly neutralizing antibodies in preclinical humanized mouse models
<p>Germline-targeting (GT) protein immunogens to induce VRC01-class broadly neutralizing antibodies (bnAbs) to the CD4 binding site (CD4bs) of the HIV Envelope have shown promise in clinical trials. Here, we preclinically validated the mRNA-LNP delivery of one such immunogen, eOD-GT8, as a soluble self-assembling 60mer nanoparticle in humanized mouse models. In a model with three humanized B cell lineages bearing distinct VRC01-precursor B cell receptors (BCRs) with similar affinities for eOD-GT8, all lineages could be simultaneously primed and undergo diversification and affinity maturation with no sign of exclusionary competition. Boosts drove precursor B cell participation in germinal centers, the accumulation of somatic hypermutations, including in key VRC01-class positions, and affinity maturation to boost and native-like antigens in two of the three precursor lineages. We have preclinically validated a prime-boost regimen of soluble self-assembling nanoparticles delivered by mRNA-LNP, demonstrating that multiple lineages can be primed, boosted, and diversify along the bnAb pathway.</p>
Alien plant species are precursors for invasion: a case study of Alternanthera brasiliana (L.) Kuntze in Ile-Ife (Nigeria)
<p>The impact of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> on vegetation and soil seed bank was assessed in Ile-Ife, Nigeria. Ten sample plots, 10 m x 10 m each, were established in invaded plant communities with high density of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> and adjacent uninvaded plant communities where the weed species has low density. In each sample plot, twenty 1 m x 1 m quadrats were randomly laid and all rooted plant species were identified and counted. Post-dispersal soil seed bank was collected by randomly taking five core samples of top soil per sample plot to estimate the soil seed bank density and floristics of the sites. The species composition of soil seed bank was compared with that of the above-ground vegetation so as to assess the invader's impact on the vegetation using Sorensen's index of similarity. The results showed that <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> invasion significantly impacted on the species diversity (<em>t</em> = 5.27; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.0003) and evenness of species distribution (<em>t</em> = 4.50; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.00005) in the aboveground vegetation, and the species diversity (<em>t</em> = 5.37; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> = 0.00004) and evenness of species distribution (<em>t</em> = 6.19; <em>df</em> = 18; <em>p</em> < 0.0001) in the soil seed bank. This study concluded that <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em> has significantly caused alterations in key parameters of the aboveground vegetation and those of the soil seed bank. It is likely that with increasing resident time, these alterations might increase more significantly to enhance the spread of <em>Alternanthera brasiliana</em>.</p>
Mechanistic Insight into the Precursor Chemistry of ZrO2 and HfO2 Nanocrystals; towards Size-Tunable Syntheses
<p>Data underlying the figures in the publication "Mechanistic Insight into the Precursor Chemistry of ZrO2 and HfO2 Nanocrystals; towards Size-Tunable Syntheses" publish in JACS Au: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.1c00568">https://doi.org/10.1021/jacsau.1c00568</a></p> <p>Table of contents:</p> <p>The <em>.pxp</em> documents contain the experimental data of the figures in the manuscript and they can be opened/edited with the software IGOR Pro 8.0 or higher.</p> <p><strong>1. Figure 1.pxp.</strong> (A) Scheme for the reaction of ZrCl<sub>4</sub>.2THF with TOPO. (B) <sup>1</sup>H NMR of the titration of a solution of 0.05 M ZrCl<sub>4</sub>.2THF in CDCl<sub>3</sub> with increasing equivalents of TOPO. The latter is added as a 0.5 M solution, gradually diluting the zirconium complex. (C) <sup>31</sup>P NMR of the same titration. The spectrum for 0.2 equivalents was amplified twofold to observe the resonances more clearly. The spectra have a relative x-offset of 1 ppm with respect to each other. (D) The different TOPO species over the course of the titration. The total amount of Zr in the sample was 25 μmol.</p> <p><strong>2. Figure 3.pxp.</strong> (A) Scheme for the reaction of Zr(O<em>i</em>Pr)<sub>4</sub>.<em>i</em>PrOH with TOPO. (B) <sup>1</sup>H NMR of the titration of a solution of 0.05 M Zr(O<em>i</em>Pr)<sub>4</sub>.<em>i</em>PrOH in CDCl<sub>3</sub> with increasing equivalents of TOPO relative to Zr. TOPO is added as a 0.5 M solution, gradually diluting the zirconium complex. The total amount of Zr in the sample was 25 μmol.</p> <p><strong>3. Figure 4.pxp.</strong> (A) Reaction scheme for the titration of a<strong> </strong>1 : 1 mixture<strong> </strong>of ZrCl<sub>4</sub> : Zr(O<em>i</em>Pr)<sub>4</sub>.<em>i</em>PrOH<strong> </strong>with TOPO in C<sub>6</sub>D<sub>6</sub> at room temperature. (B) The <sup>31</sup>P NMR spectra of the titration. The ratio of Zr to TOPO is indicated in the figure.</p> <p><strong>4. Figure 5.pxp. </strong><sup>1</sup>H and <sup>31</sup>P NMR of the reaction mixture with 1 equivalent of ZrCl<sub>4</sub> in C<sub>6</sub>D<sub>6</sub>. Aliquots were taken at different temperatures during the ramp and at different times at the final reaction temperature of 340 °C.</p> <p><strong>5. Figure 6.pxp.</strong> (A) X-Ray PDFs (acquired at 80 °C to melt TOPO) of reaction mixtures heated to different temperatures as indicated. The range of distances as determined from the DFT optimized structures of (5) and (6) are indicated by the grey zones. (B) PDF refinement for the reaction product at 340 °C after 90 min, using a dual-phase model with the tetragonal zirconia (P<sub>42</sub>/nmc) and the DFT optimized ZrCl<sub>4</sub>.2TPPO complex (2).</p> <p><strong>6. Figure 7.pxp.</strong> (A) Concentration of various intermediates at different times at the final reaction temperature of 340 °C for a 1:1 mixture of ZrCl<sub>4</sub> : Zr(O<em>i</em>Pr)<sub>4</sub>.<em>i</em>PrOH. The concentration of different species is calculated corresponding to the integrals of TOPO bound to the Zr-centers in <sup>31</sup>P NMR. (B) Normalized, relative concentration of propene and isopropyl chloride in the reaction headspace at different temperature/time points.</p> <p><strong>7. Figure 8.pxp. </strong>(A) Scheme showing the Zr(O<em>i</em>Pr)<sub>4</sub>.<em>i</em>PrOH<sub> </sub>injection strategy to increase particle size and yield. (B) TEM and histogram of particles before and after each injection. The average size is indicated. (C) PDF fit for the purified product after three injections with the tetragonal zirconia (P<sub>42</sub>/nmc) model. The refined crystallite diameter is 5.33 nm.</p>
Single-Cell RNA-sequencing of neural precursor cells from an Alzheimer's mouse model, wild-type mice, and Alzheimer's mice rescued with Usp16 haploinsufficiency
<p class="MsoNormal">Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease observed with aging that represents the most common form of dementia. To date, therapies targeting end-stage disease plaques, tangles, or inflammation have limited efficacy. Therefore, we set out to identify an earlier targetable phenotype. Utilizing a mouse model of AD we found that cell intrinsic neural precursor cell (NPC) dysfunction precedes widespread inflammation and amyloid plaque pathology, making it one of the earlier defects in the evolution of the disease. We demonstrate that reversing impaired NPC self-renewal via genetic reduction of USP16, a histone modifier and critical physiological antagonist of the Polycomb Repressor Complex 1, can prevent downstream cognitive defects and decrease astrogliosis in vivo. To delineate potential self-renewal pathways that might contribute to the defect and rescue of Tg-SwDI NPCs and Tg-SwDI/<em>Usp16<sup><span>+/-</span></sup></em> NPCs, respectively, we performed single-cell RNA-seq and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) on lineage depleted primary FACS-sorted CD31<sup><span>-</span></sup>CD45<sup><span>-</span></sup>Ter119<sup><span>-</span></sup>CD24<sup><span>-</span></sup> NPCs from Tg-SwDI, WT, and Tg-SwDI/<em>Usp16<sup><span>+/-</span></sup></em> mice at 3-4 months and 1 year of age. Using the GSEA Hallmark gene sets, we found only three gene sets that were enriched in Tg-SwDI mice over WT mice and rescued in the Tg-SwDI/<em>Usp16<sup><span>+/-</span></sup> </em>mice at both ages: TGF-ß pathway, oxidative phosphorylation, and Myc Targets. The TGF-ß pathway consistently had the highest normalized enrichment score in pairwise comparisons between Tg-SwDI vs WT and Tg-SwDI vs Tg-SwDI/<em>Usp16<sup><span>+/-</span></sup> </em>of the three rescued pathways. These data suggest that USP16 may regulate neural precursor cell function in part through the BMP pathway.</p>
Dataset for manuscript Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano
<p>This archive file contains datafiles used in "Precursor-free eruption triggered by edifice rupture at Nyiragongo volcano" manuscript. </p> <p>i.e. : Ash Index, Lava flow shp, fractures shp, eruptive fissure shp, GNSS, InSAR, Seismic catalog, SO2 measurmement and Dike Modeling inputs and results.</p>
Supporting data for: Ozone Formation Sensitivity to Precursors and Lightning in the Tropical Troposphere Based on Airborne Observations
<p>We provide here the supporting data for our study on ozone formation sensitivity in the upper tropical troposphere based on in situ observations. </p>
Inlists for paper: Massive Stellar Mergers as Precursors of Hydrogen-rich Pulsational Pair Instability Supernovae
<p>MESA (v10108) inlists for the models shown the "Massive Stellar Mergers as Precursors of Hydrogen-rich Pulsational Pair Instability Supernovae" Letter (1903.02135). The inlists reproduce both the single and merger model.</p> <p>Contents:</p> <p>FiducialMergersPPISN.tar.gz</p> <ul> <li>doubleMass</li> <li>evolveMerged</li> <li>evolveSingle</li> <li>preMSmodel</li> <li>README</li> </ul> <p>We also attach the single and merger MESA models at the moment where the central temperature is close to 10^9 K. These models where used to estimate the properties of the star, particularly core and envelope masses, as well as element abundances.</p> <ul> <li>mergerAtLogTc9.data</li> <li>singleAtLogTc9.data</li> </ul>
Dataset related to article "ACKR2 in hematopoietic precursors as a checkpoint of neutrophil release and anti-metastatic activity"
<p>This record contains raw data related to article "ACKR2 in hematopoietic precursors as a checkpoint of neutrophil release and anti-metastatic activity"</p> <p>Atypical chemokine receptors (ACKRs) are regulators of leukocyte traffic, inflammation, and immunity. ACKR2 is a scavenger for most inflammatory CC chemokines and is a negative regulator of inflammation. Here we report that ACKR2 is expressed in hematopoietic precursors and downregulated during myeloid differentiation. Genetic inactivation of ACKR2 results in increased levels of inflammatory chemokine receptors and release from the bone marrow of neutrophils with increased anti-metastatic activity. In a model of NeuT-driven primary mammary carcinogenesis ACKR2 deficiency is associated with increased primary tumor growth and protection against metastasis. ACKR2 deficiency results in neutrophil-mediated protection against metastasis in mice orthotopically transplanted with 4T1 mammary carcinoma and intravenously injected with B16F10 melanoma cell lines. Thus, ACKR2 is a key regulator (checkpoint) of mouse myeloid differentiation and function and its targeting unleashes the anti-metastatic activity of neutrophils in mice.</p>
Collapse of a freestanding rock pillar at Matterhorn Hörnligrat: daily high-resolution images show kinematic precursor
<p>Animated time series of manually selected pictures highlights the visible displacement of a freestanding rock pillar at Matterhorn Hörnligrat two weeks prior the collapse. Data used are available under https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.967586 (Weber et al., 2024).</p>
Data in support of : Volumetric Deformation Feedback on Fault Stability and Strain Localization Precursor to Stick-Slip Behavior in Laboratory Earthquakes.
<p>This folder contains 3 .txt files:</p> <p> </p> <p>LP1 — low pressure data set.</p> <p>HP1 — High confining pressure experiement.</p> <p>HP2 — High cinfining pressure repeat experiment.</p> <p> </p> <p>The .txt files contain the following columns: Time (s), Pc (bar), VerticalLoad (kN), Horizontalload (kN), DisplacementOE (mm), StrainSG_xx, StrainSG_yy, StrainSG_xy.</p> <p>Strain gauge data are pre-filtered. All other data are raw.</p>
Cell-free Synthesis of Proteins with Selectively 13C-Labelled Methyl Groups from Inexpensive Precursors- Dataset
<p>NMR Spectra relating to the publication:<br> <br> Cell-free Synthesis of Proteins with Selectively 13C-Labelled Methyl Groups from Inexpensive Precursors.</p> <p>Spectra are labelled as such in the folder name and in the description.</p>
Ultra-Accurate Correlation Between Precursor and Fragment Ions in Two-lDimensional Mass Spectrometry: Acetylated vs. Trimethylated Histone Peptides
<p>Two-dimensional mass spectrometry (2D MS) is a method<br> for tandem<br> mass spectrometry in which precursor and fragment ions are correlated<br> by manipulating ion radii rather than by ion isolation. A 2D mass<br> spectrum contains the fragmentation patterns of all analytes in a<br> sample, acquired in parallel. We report ultrahigh-resolution narrowband<br> 2D mass spectra of a mixture of two histone peptides with the same<br> sequence, one of which carries an acetylation and the other a trimethylation<br> (m/z 0.006 difference). We reduced<br> the distance between data points in the precursor ion dimension and<br> compared the accuracy of the precursor-fragment correlation with the<br> resolving power. We manage to perform label-free quantification on<br> the histone peptide mixture and show that precursor and fragment ions<br> can be accurately correlated even though the precursor ions are not<br> resolved. Finally, we show that increasing the resolution of a 2D<br> mass spectrum in the precursor ion dimension too far can lead to a<br> decline in the signal-to-noise ratio.</p>
Dataset: Proposed Origin of the Burns Formation (Meridiani Planum, Mars) by Erosion, Reworking, and Diagenetic Alteration of a Grasberg-like Precursor
<p>Dataset for the study entitled "Proposed Origin of the Burns Formation (Meridiani Planum, Mars) by Erosion, Reworking, and Diagenetic Alteration of a Grasberg-like Precursor" submitted to JGR-Planets. Contents include: (1) a compilation of chemical compositions for the Burns, Grasberg, and Murray formations, basaltic rocks, and soils measured by rovers on Mars; (2) geochemical mass-balance models for diagenetic addition of MgO and SO3 to the Burns formation; (3) diagrams and additonal calculations based on the compiled set of chemical compositions.</p>
Dataset for "Seismic background level (SBL) growth can reveal slowly developing long-term eruption precursors"
<p>Ichihara M, Ohminato T, Konstantinou KI, Yamakawa K, Watanabe A, Takeo M (2023) Seismic background level (SBL) growth can reveal slowly developing long-term eruption precursors. Scientific Report (revised)</p> <p>Matlab fig files for Figures 1--6 and Figures in Supporting Information in the above manuscript.</p>
The amyloid precursor protein regulates synaptic transmission at medial perforant path synapses
<p><span>The perforant path provides the primary cortical excitatory input to the hippocampus. Due to its important role in information processing and coding, entorhinal projections to the dentate gyrus have been studied in considerable detail. Nevertheless, synaptic transmission between individual connected pairs of entorhinal </span><span>stellate cells and dentate granule cells</span><span> remains to be characterized. Here, we have used mouse organotypic entorhino-hippocampal tissue cultures of either sex, in which the entorhino-dentate (EC-GC) projection is present and EC-GC pairs can be studied using whole-cell patch clamp recordings. By using cultures of wildtype mice, the properties of EC-GC synapses formed by afferents from the lateral and medial entorhinal cortex were compared and differences in short-term plasticity were identified. Since the perforant path is severely affected in Alzheimer´s disease, we used tissue cultures of amyloid-precursor protein (APP)-deficient mice to examine the role of APP at this synapse. APP deficiency altered excitatory neurotransmission at medial perforant path synapses, which was accompanied by transcriptomic and ultrastructural changes. Moreover, presynaptic but not postsynaptic APP deletion through the local injection of Cre-expressing adeno-associated viruses in conditional APP<sup>flox/flox</sup> tissue cultures increased the neurotransmission efficacy at perforant path synapses. In summary, these data suggest a physiological role for presynaptic APP at medial perforant path synapses that may be adversely affected under altered APP processing conditions.</span></p>
Supplementary figures for 'Domino: A new framework for the automated identification of weather event precursors, demonstrated for European extreme rainfall.'
<p>Supplementary dynamics and skill plots for the paper 'Domino: A new framework for the automated identification of weather event precursors, demonstrated for European extreme rainfall', submitted to QJRMS.</p>
Raw data for the article "One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Bis(trifluoromethylated) Benziodoxoles from Iodine(I) Precursors"
<p>Raw NMR, IR and MS data for the article "One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalized Bis(trifluoromethylated) Benziodoxoles from Iodine(I) Precursors" published in Chemical Communications, DOI: </p> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC04525K">https://doi.org/10.1039/D3CC04525K</a></p> <p>The number of the folders either correspond to compounds numbers in the article or the name of the folder is self-describing. All details concerning conditions and equipment for measurements can be found in the supporting information of the article. For convenience, the word file version of the supporting information can be found on the top of the raw data folder.</p>
Response of the ozone-related health burden in Europe to changes in local anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors (version 2.0)
<p>This data set includes the model output of the peer-reviewed paper: Gu, Y., Henze, D. K., Nawaz, M. O., and Wagner, U. J., 2023, Response of the ozone-related health burden in Europe to changes in local anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors, Environ. Res. Lett., <strong>doi:</strong>10.1088/1748-9326/ad0167.</p> <p>The data set includes:</p> <p>-The receptor functions, expressed as the total ozone-related premature deaths from respiratory diseases in 2005 and 2015.</p> <p>-The marginal benefit, expressed as the ozone-related premature deaths avoided by a 20% reduction in anthropogenic emissions of NOx, NMVOCs, and CO in 2005 and 2015, respectively</p> <p>-The marginal contribution (per unit), expressed as the ozone-related premature deaths caused by per unit (kg/m2/yr) anthropogenic emissions of NOx in 2005 and 2015</p>
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.