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64 results for “Priority effect”
Data from: Priority effects are weakened by a short, but not long, history of sympatric evolution
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Data from: Do priority effects outweigh environmental filtering in a guild of dominant freshwater macroinvertebrates?
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Data from: A test of priority effect persistence in semi-natural grasslands through the removal of plant functional groups during community assembly
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Inverse priority effects: The order and timing of removal of invasive species influence community reassembly
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Inverse priority effects: A role for historical contingency during species losses
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Data from: Priority effects of early successional insects influence late successional fungi in dead wood
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Within-host priority effects and epidemic timing determine outbreak severity in coinfected populations
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Priority effects will impede range shifts of temperate tree species into the boreal forest
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Data from: Within-host priority effects systematically alter pathogen coexistence
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Data from: Environmental variability counteracts priority effects to facilitate species coexistence: evidence from nectar microbes
The order of species arrival during community assembly can greatly affect species coexistence, but the strength of these effects, known as priority effects, appears highly variable across species and ecosystems. Furthermore, the causes of this variation remain unclear despite their fundamental importance in understanding species coexistence. Here, we show that one potential cause is environmental variability. In laboratory experiments using nectar-inhabiting microorganisms as a model system, we manipulated spatial and temporal variability of temperature, and examined consequences for priority effects. If species arrived sequentially, multiple species coexisted under variable temperature, but not under constant temperature. Temperature variability prevented extinction of late-arriving species that would have been excluded owing to priority effects if temperature had been constant. By contrast, if species arrived simultaneously, species coexisted under both variable and constant temperatures. We propose possible mechanisms underlying these results using a mathematical model that incorporates contrasting effects of microbial species on nectar pH and amino acids. Overall, our findings suggest that understanding consequences of priority effects for species coexistence requires explicit consideration of environmental variability.
Data from: Linking phenological shifts to species interactions through size-mediated priority effects
1. Inter-annual variation in seasonal weather patterns causes shifts in the relative timing of phenological events of species within communities, but we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of how these phenological shifts affect species interactions. Identifying these mechanisms is critical to predicting how inter-annual variation affects populations and communities. 2. Species' phenologies, particularly the timing of offspring arrival, play an important role in the annual cycles of community assembly. We hypothesize that shifts in relative arrival of offspring can alter interspecific interactions through a mechanism called size-mediated priority effects (SMPE), in which individuals that arrive earlier can grow to achieve a body size advantage over those that arrive later. 3. In this study, we used an experimental approach to isolate and quantify the importance of SMPE for species interactions. Specifically, we simulated shifts in relative arrival of the nymphs of two dragonfly species to determine the consequences for their interactions as intraguild predators. 4. We found that shifts in relative arrival altered not only predation strength but also the nature of predator-prey interactions. When arrival differences were great, SMPE allowed the early arriver to prey intensely upon the late arriver, causing exclusion of the late arriver from nearly all habitats. As arrival differences decreased, the early arriver's size advantage also decreased. When arrival differences were smallest, there was mutual predation, and the two species coexisted in similar abundances across habitats. Importantly, we also found a nonlinear scaling relationship between shifts in relative arrival and predation strength. Specifically, small shifts in relative arrival caused large changes in predation strength while subsequent changes had relatively minor effects. 5. These results demonstrate that SMPE can alter not only the outcome of interactions but also the demographic rates of species and the structure of communities. Elucidating the mechanisms that link phenological shifts to species interactions is crucial for understanding the dynamics of seasonal communities as well as for predicting the effects of climate change on these communities.
Tipping the balance: the role of seed density, abiotic filters, and priority effects in seed-based wetland restoration
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk98319335"></a>Sowing native seeds is a common approach to reintroduce native plants to degraded systems. However, this method is often overlooked in wetland restoration despite the immense global loss of diverse native wetland vegetation. Developing guiding principles for seed-based wetland restoration is critical to maximize native plant recovery, particularly in previously invaded wetlands. Doing so requires a comprehensive understanding of how restoration manipulations, and their interactions, influence wetland plant community assembly. With a focus on the invader <em>Phragmites australis, </em>we established a series of mesocosm experiments to assess how native sowing density, invader propagule pressure, abiotic filters (water and nutrients), and native sowing timing (i.e., priority effects) interact to influence plant community cover and biomass in wetland habitats. Increasing the density of native seeds yielded higher native cover and biomass, but <em>P. australis</em> suppression with increasing sowing densities was minimal. Rather, community outcomes were largely driven by invader propagule pressure—<em>Phragmites australis</em> densities of <span><span>≤ 500 seeds/m<sup>2</sup> maintained high native cover and biomass. Low-water conditions increased the susceptibility of <em>P. australis</em> to native competition. </span>Early sowing of native seeds showed a large and significant benefit to native cover and biomass, regardless of native sowing density, suggesting that priority effects can be an effective restoration manipulation to enhance native plant establishment.<em> </em></span><span><span>Given the urgent wetland restoration need combined with the limited studies on seed-based wetland restoration, these findings provide guidance on restoration manipulations that are grounded in ecological theory to improve seed-based wetland restoration outcomes.</span></span></p>
Data from: Divergent pathways of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession depend on starting nitrogen supply and priority effects
<p>Nitrogen-fixing trees are a major potential source of nitrogen into terrestrial ecosystems. The degree to which they persist into older forests has considerable implications for forest nitrogen budgets. We characterized nitrogen-fixing tree abundance across stand age in the contiguous United States and analyzed a theoretical model to help understand competitive outcomes and successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing and nonfixing trees. Nitrogen-fixing tree abundance is bimodal in all regions except the northeastern United States, even in older forests, suggesting that competitive exclusion (including priority effects) is more common than coexistence at the spatial scale of our analysis. Our model analysis suggests conditions under which alternative competitive outcomes are possible and when they are transient (lasting decades-centuries) vs. persistent (millennia). Critically, the timescale of the feedbacks between nitrogen-fixation and soil nitrogen supply, which is thought to drive the exclusion of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession, can be long. Therefore, the long-transient outcomes of competition are more relevant for real forests than the long-term equilibrium. Within these long-term transients, the background soil nitrogen supply is a major determinant of competitive outcomes. Consistent with the expectations of resource ratio theory, competitive exclusion is more likely at high and low nitrogen supply while intermediate nitrogen supply makes coexistence or priority effects possible. However, these outcomes are modified by the nitrogen-fixation strategy: Obligate nitrogen-fixation makes coexistence more likely than priority effects, compared to perfectly facultative fixation. These results advance our understanding of the successional trajectories of nitrogen-fixing trees and their effects on ecosystem development in secondary succession.</p>
Data from: Environmental variability counteracts priority effects to facilitate species coexistence: evidence from nectar microbes
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Tipping the balance: the role of seed density, abiotic filters, and priority effects in seed-based wetland restoration
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Data from: Linking phenological shifts to species interactions through size-mediated priority effects
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Data from: Priority effects in a planktonic bloom-forming marine diatom
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Data from: Divergent pathways of nitrogen-fixing trees through succession depend on starting nitrogen supply and priority effects
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Data from: Priority effects are interactively regulated by top-down and bottom-up forces: evidence from wood decomposer communities
Both top-down (grazing) and bottom-up (resource availability) forces can determine the strength of priority effects, or the effects of species arrival history on the structure and function of ecological communities, but their combined influences remain unresolved. To test for such influences, we assembled experimental communities of wood-decomposing fungi using a factorial manipulation of fungivore (Folsomia candida) presence, nitrogen availability, and fungal assembly history. We found interactive effects of all three factors on fungal species composition and wood decomposition 1 year after the fungi were introduced. The strength of priority effects on community structure was affected primarily by nitrogen availability, whereas the strength of priority effects on decomposition rate was interactively regulated by nitrogen and fungivores. These results demonstrate that top-down and bottom-up forces jointly determine how strongly assembly history affects community structure and function.
The Effects of Dual Task Training With Different Task Priorities on Physical Performance and Cognitive Status in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
ClinicalTrials.gov study NCT06794177. IPD Sharing: Not stated. Countries: 1. Publications: 0.
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
ABODe is a University of Edinburgh DataShare dataset for behavior classification in group-housed mice using home-cage video, identities, bounding boxes, ground-plate positions, and annotator labels.
DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.