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713 results for “Pygmis”
Figure 4 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana
Figure 4—Ventral views of theropod basicrania, drawn to a common distance of the occipital condyle-to-basipterygoid web. Osteological abbreviations: asc scar ascending muscle scar on the posterior-inner corner of the basituber. basiocc basioccipital. basph basisphenoid. baspt basipterygoid processes, basiph scar oval scar on the basisphenoid boxwork wall, bastub basituber. cav midline ventral cavity in the basisphenoid. con occipital condyle, desc paroc descending ventral root of the paroccipital process, mid scar midline scar on the posterior face of the basisphenoid. pa.wing parietal wing of the occipital plate, ser.rug serrated tendon scar on the outer corner of the parietal wing, sup.cap caps on the supraoccipital wedge, web transverse web of bone between basipterygoid process or basisphenoid processes, wedge supraoccipital wedge.
Figure 2 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana
Figure 2—Branching diagram of the tyrannosaurids and fheir close allies, with lateral views of the skulls shown in correct stratigraphic sequence. Nodes and the derived characters that define them: 1) Neotheropoda (Late Jurassic- Latest Cretaceous) — premaxillary tooth crowns strongly assymmetrical, with inner (lingual) face nearly flat and outer (buccal) face strongly convex; premax. symphysis U-shaped in dorsal view; intramandibular joint fully developed, with anterior prong of the angular penetrating into the cavity between the dentary and splenial. 2) Ceratosauridae (Late Jurassic) — premaxillary tooth count reduced to three; premaxillary incisors with thick, strong sulci and ridges on the inner face. 3) Advanced neotheropods (Late Jurassic-Latest Cretaceous) — occiput much deeper above the foramen magnum, as seen in posterior view; accessory antorbital fenestra present; posterior shafts of cervical ribs do not overlap one another; presacral column compresssed fore- to-aft relative to femur length; scapula blade very narrow throughout its length. 4) Allosauridae (Late Jurassic) — parocdpital process bent downwards strongly; basituber with a deep notch in the posterior-ventral edge for the ilio-costalis cervicis-capitis muscle; sphenethmoid ossification weak. 5) Very advanced neotheropods (Early Cretaceous-Latest Cretaceous) — ascending process of astragulus very tall, wide transversely and thin front-to-back; nasals narrow. 6) Dromaeosauridae (Early Cretaceous-Latest Cretaceous (Deinonychus) — pubis turned backwards; second hindclaw very large and sickle-shaped; distal half of tail encased within basketwork of bony rods developed from chevrons and prezygapophyses. 7) Tyrannosauroidea (Early Cretaceous-Latest Cretaceous) — paroccipital process very deep top-to-bottom at the root; large excavation around the fenestra ovalis and pneumatization of the paroccipital root. 8) Acrocanthosaurids (Early Cretaceous) — neural spine of cervicals and dorsals elongated. 9) Advanced tvrannosauroids (Late Cretaceous) — occiput deeper above the supraoccipital wedge; metatarsal bundle very long and compressed side-to-side, with strong pinching of the proximal end of metatarsal III. 10) Ornithomimids + troödontids + birds +?oviraptorids (?Latest Jurassic-Latest Cretaceous) — periotic region with large depression and highly pneumatic. 11) Tyrannosauridae (Late Cretaceous) — adductor muscle scar developed forward over the frontals to a position opposite the orbits; squamosal-quadratojugal suture very long, straight and nearly parallel to the long axis of the skull, as seen in side view; supraoccipital ' wedge with two tabs of bone placed in tandem; first maxillary tooth like the four premaxillary teeth; all incisiform teeth very crowded and narrow across buccal face; parietal occipital wings very tall above the supraoccipital; large oval foramen in jugal. 12) Nanotyrannus (Latest Cretaceous, Lanciat Faunal Age) —very wide basicranial boxwork with flat ventral floor; verv wide frontal-orbital region with very narrow snout; parietal wing of occiput with sharp angle between dorsal and lateral edges. 13) Rough-snouted tyrannosaurids (Late Cretaceous) — dorsal surface of nasals very rough, with irregular longitucinal striae and ridges. 14) Daspletosaurus torosus (Late Cretaceous, Judithan Faunal Age) — snout and mandible short front-toback and deep; teeth large and reduced in number; lachrimal horn developed into blunt triangular apex. 15) Tyrannosaurids with anterior pneumatic foramina in basicranial boxwork (Late Cretaceous). 16) Ahoramus (Late Cretaceous, Nemegt Fauna) — multiple oval hornlets on nasals. 17) Massive snouted tyrannosaurids with anterior basicranial foramina (Late Cretaceous) — snouts and mandibles short and deep; tooth count reduced. 18) New genus and species from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation Late Cretaceous) — orbit closed off from below by prong of postorbital. 19) Tyrannosaurids with large anterior foramina. 20) Gorgosaurus (Late Cretaceous, Judithan Faunal Age) — lachrimal horn developed into apex that is directed forward. 21) Tyrannosaurids with large foramina and wide basicrania (Late Cretaceous) — orbit closed off from below by postorbital; lachrimal and postorbital swollen above orbits; lachrimal swollen around pneumatic foramen; maxillary tooth row curved more strongly; maxillary tooth count reduced; mandible deeper; basicranial boxwork wider; first maxillary tooth enlarged. 22) Tarbosaurus (Late Cretaceous, Nemegt Fauna) — tooth crowns swollen and thick for their height. 23) Tyrannosaurus (Latest Cretaceous, Lancian Fauna) — teeth strongly procumbent; mandible very deep; lachrimal and postorbital very swollen above and behind orbit; muscle attachment surface, for anterior pterygoideus, at posterior-dorsal corner of antorbital fenestra eliminated by swelling of lachrimal; pneumatic foramen in lachrimal surrounded by grossly swollen bone; basicranium compressed fore-to-aft and basitubera displaced forward against basipterygoid processes.
Figure 10 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana
Figure 10—How the head-neck flexure affects the evolution of basitubera. Comparison of the head-neck muscles in: RIGHT — an ostrich, and LEFT — an alligator. A - occipital views of the skull showing muscle attachments. B - partial dissection of the head-neck muscles in lateral and dorsal views. C - sagittal section and lateral outline showing the leverage available; line of action of the outermost fibers of each muscle shown as an arrow; leverage shown as a dotted line passing from line of action to the center of rotation in the occipital condyle. Abbreviations: CON occipital condyle. FM foramen magnum. lv leverage. POP paroccipital process. OCC PLATE occipital plate. Q quadrate. QA articular surface for articular. QJ quadratojugal. RET retroarticular process. SQ squamosal. TUB basitubera. TYM tympanum. Muscles: 2A spinalis capitis. 2B rectus capitis. 3A obliquus capitis. 3B longissimus capitis. 4 transversarius part of longissimus capitis (two divisions in Alligator). 5 depressor mandibulae. 6 longus colli and iliocostalis cervicis-capitis. 7 iliocostalis cervicis .
Figure 3 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana
Figure 3—Front and occipital views of the type of Nanotyrannus lancensis. The twisting distortion of the muzzle has been corrected. The right posterior corner of the temporal region has been restored from the left side and the forward compresssion of the quadratojugal has been removed .
Figure 4 in Mandibular morphology and dietary preferences in two pygmy mole crickets of the genus Xya (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)
Figure 4. The proportion of detritus in the diet of females (F) and males (M) in (a) Xya pfaendleri and (b) X. variegata as determined based on the postmortem gut content analyses. The box plots show the median (50th percentile) and 25th and 75th quartiles; error bars show the 10th and 90th percentiles. Open circles indicate outliers.
Figure 3 in Mandibular morphology and dietary preferences in two pygmy mole crickets of the genus Xya (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)
Figure 3. Differences in the surfaces of the (a) left and the (b) right mandibles in Xya pfaendleri and X. variegata. The box plots show the median (50th percentile) and 25th and 75th quartiles; error bars show the 10th and 90th percentiles.
Figure 1 in Mandibular morphology and dietary preferences in two pygmy mole crickets of the genus Xya (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)
Figure 1. Dorsal and ventral views of the left and right mandibles of Xya pfaendleri and X. variegata. The microstructures of the mandibles were documented by scanning electron microscopy (SEM; JEOL JSM-6610LV): SEI, 12 kV, WD 50 mm, SS30, 65× magnification.
Figure 2 in Mandibular morphology and dietary preferences in two pygmy mole crickets of the genus Xya (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)
Figure 2. Comparison of the measured parameters of the mandibles in females (gray boxes) and males (white boxes) of Xya pfaendleri and X. variegata (Tridactylidae). a, d: length of the mandible (distance between the mandibular junction and the peak of the first incisor); b, e: surface of the molar ridge; c, f: number of molar slats. The box plots show the median (50th percentile) and 25th and 75th quartiles; error bars show the 10th and 90th percentiles. Filled symbols indicate outliers.
Figure 5 in Mandibular morphology and dietary preferences in two pygmy mole crickets of the genus Xya (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae)
Figure 5. The food niche breadths in males (M) and females (F) of (a) Xya pfaendleri and (b) X. variegata (Orthoptera: Tridactylidae). The food niche breadth was cumulatively evaluated based on the Gini-Simpson index. The box plots show the median (50th percentile) and the 25th and 75th quartiles; error bars show the 10th and 90th percentiles.
Fig. 2 in A Late Miocene potential neobalaenine mandible from Argentina sheds light on the origins of the living pygmy right whale
Fig. 2. Left mandible of a fossil neobalaenine baleen whale, gen. et. sp. indet. (MPEF-PV2572) from Punta Ninfas, Chubut Province, Argentina; Puerto Madryn Formation (Late Miocene), showing the mandibular condyle as preserved in the field prior to excavation.
Fig. 1 in A Late Miocene potential neobalaenine mandible from Argentina sheds light on the origins of the living pygmy right whale
Fig. 1. Left mandible of a fossil neobalaenine baleen whale, gen. et sp. indet. (MPEF-PV2572) from Punta Ninfas Chubut Province, Argentina; Puerto Madryn Formation (Late Miocene). A. Lateral view. B. Medial view. C. Medial view of the posterior region of the mandible showing the morphology of the coronoid process. D. Dorsal view of the mandible showing the lateral curvature of the body. E. Anteromedial view of the mandible showing the medial torsion of the anteriormost portion of the body.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Molecular phylogeny reveals strong biogeographic signal and two new species in a Cape Biodiversity Hotspot endemic mini-radiation, the pygmy geckos (Gekkonidae: Goggia).
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Molecular phylogeny reveals strong biogeographic signal and two new species in a Cape Biodiversity Hotspot endemic mini-radiation, the pygmy geckos (Gekkonidae: Goggia)". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c958120b-cf83-4dd6-9560-1f783c6c9680">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c958120b-cf83-4dd6-9560-1f783c6c9680</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c958120b-cf83-4dd6-9560-1f783c6c9680">https://gbif.org/dataset/c958120b-cf83-4dd6-9560-1f783c6c9680</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: Oriental macropterous leaf-mimic pygmy grasshoppers-genera Oxyphyllum and Paraphyllum (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) and their taxonomic assignment.
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "Oriental macropterous leaf-mimic pygmy grasshoppers-genera Oxyphyllum and Paraphyllum (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) and their taxonomic assignment". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/c09c8f15-cfb2-42c9-861b-fc823ba28ae4">https://bionomia.net/dataset/c09c8f15-cfb2-42c9-861b-fc823ba28ae4</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/c09c8f15-cfb2-42c9-861b-fc823ba28ae4">https://gbif.org/dataset/c09c8f15-cfb2-42c9-861b-fc823ba28ae4</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Linked collectors and determiners for: A new pygmy squid, Idiosepius hallami n. sp. (Cephalopoda: Idiosepiidae) from eastern Australia and elevation of the southern endemic ' notoides' clade to a new genus, Xipholeptos n. gen..
Natural history specimen data linked to collectors and determiners held within, "A new pygmy squid, Idiosepius hallami n. sp. (Cephalopoda: Idiosepiidae) from eastern Australia and elevation of the southern endemic ' notoides' clade to a new genus, Xipholeptos n. gen.". Claims or attributions were made on Bionomia by volunteer Scribes, <a href="https://bionomia.net/dataset/48a508ae-e2ef-460d-a2e8-ad76b4b5274f">https://bionomia.net/dataset/48a508ae-e2ef-460d-a2e8-ad76b4b5274f</a> using specimen data from the dataset aggregated by the Global Biodiversity Information Facility, <a href="https://gbif.org/dataset/48a508ae-e2ef-460d-a2e8-ad76b4b5274f">https://gbif.org/dataset/48a508ae-e2ef-460d-a2e8-ad76b4b5274f</a>. Formatted as a Frictionless Data package.
Fig. 1. A in Shoaling behaviour in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae): comparing populations from contrasting predation regimes
Fig. 1. A, Experimental set-up to determine shoaling tendencies. During the first part of the experiment, no digital screen was present; B, during the second part, a predator was displayed on the screen.
Fig. 3 in Shoaling behaviour in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae): comparing populations from contrasting predation regimes
Fig. 3. Sampling sites in Singapore and on Pulau Tioman, Malaysia. A, Lorong Banir, Singapore; B, Jurong River, Singapore; C, Sungai Paya, Pulau Tioman, Malaysia; D, Sungai Paya Kecil, Pulau Tioman, Malaysia.
Fig. 2. Mean time individual D in Shoaling behaviour in the pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys collettei (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae): comparing populations from contrasting predation regimes
Fig. 2. Mean time individual D. collettei from Singapore and Pulau Tioman (Malaysia) spent in the shoaling and empty compartments; N=156 trials for each location (Total N=312 trials). Error bars show standard errors.
Fig. 1 in Diet Composition Of The Austral Pygmy Owl In A Peri-Urban Protected Area In South-Central Chile
Fig. 1. Trophic isoclines for Austral Pygmy Owl, Glaucidium nana, in the study area: A. l. — Abrothrix longipilis; A. o. — Abrothrix olivaceus; Art — Arthropods; Bd. — Birds; D. g. — Dromiciops gliroides; R. n. — Rattus norvegicus; R. r. — Rattus rattus.
Supporting Data for: The genome of the pygmy right whale illuminates the evolution of rorquals
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_Hlk108424880"></a><em><u><span>Background</span></u></em></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>Baleen whales are a clade of gigantic and highly specialized marine mammals. Their genomes have been used to investigate their complex evolutionary history and to decipher the molecular mechanisms that allowed them to reach these dimensions. However, many unanswered questions remain, especially about the early radiation of rorquals and how cancer resistance interplays with their huge number of cells. The pygmy right whale is the smallest and most elusive among the baleen whales. It reaches only a fraction of the body length compared to its relatives and it is the only living member of an otherwise extinct family. This placement makes the pygmy right whale genome an interesting target to update the complex phylogenetic past of baleen whales, because it splits up an otherwise long branch that leads to the radiation of rorquals. Apart from that, genomic data of this species might help to investigate cancer resistance in large whales, since these mechanisms are not as important for the pygmy right whale as in other giant rorquals and right whales. </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><em><u><span>Results</span></u></em></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>Here, we present a first <em>de novo</em> genome of the species and test its potential in phylogenomics and cancer research. To do so, we constructed a multi-species coalescent tree from fragments of a whole-genome alignment and quantified the amount of introgression in the early evolution of rorquals. Furthermore, a genome wide comparison of selection rates between large and small bodied baleen whales revealed a small set of conserved candidate genes with potential connections to cancer resistance. </span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><em><u><span>Conclusions</span></u></em></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span><span>Our results suggest that the evolution of rorquals is best described as a hard polytomy with a rapid radiation and high levels of introgression. The lack of shared positive selected genes between different large-bodied whale species supports a previously proposed convergent evolution of gigantism and hence cancer resistance in baleen whales. </span></span></p>
Figure 5 in The adult male of the little-known pygmy grasshopper Armasius iberianus Perez-Gelabert & Yong, 2014 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae: Cladonotinae)
Figure 5. Three views of the habitat of Armasius iberianus: a) south-facing overview of the two high plateaus where this species occurs, showing its close proximity and severe threat due to razing activities of opencast mining; b–c) montane rainforest at El Toldo. Photos courtesy Rolando Teruel (a) and Nicasio Viña Dávila (b –c).
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Allen Brain Atlas
Allen Brain Atlas is an Allen Institute collection of brain map atlases, datasets, APIs, and analysis tools covering mouse, human, and non-human primate brain resources.
Annotated Behaviour and Observability Dataset (ABODe)
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DANDI Archive for NWB datasets
DANDI is a BRAIN Initiative archive for publishing and sharing neurophysiology data, including electrophysiology, optophysiology, and behavioral data packaged as NWB and related standards.
International Brain Laboratory public data
The International Brain Laboratory public data releases expose standardized mouse decision-making experiments, including Neuropixels recordings, widefield calcium imaging, behavior, and session metadata accessed through the ONE API.
OpenNeuro
OpenNeuro is a free, open platform for sharing neuroimaging datasets, with public search, dataset pages, and download paths for web, S3, DataLad, and the OpenNeuro CLI.