Figure 10 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 10—How the head-neck flexure affects the evolution of basitubera. Comparison of the head-neck muscles in: RIGHT — an ostrich, and LEFT — an alligator. A - occipital views of the skull showing muscle attachments. B - partial dissection of the head-neck muscles in lateral and dorsal views. C - sagittal section and lateral outline showing the leverage available; line of action of the outermost fibers of each muscle shown as an arrow; leverage shown as a dotted line passing from line of action to the center of rotation in the occipital condyle. Abbreviations: CON occipital condyle. FM foramen magnum. lv leverage. POP paroccipital process. OCC PLATE occipital plate. Q quadrate. QA articular surface for articular. QJ quadratojugal. RET retroarticular process. SQ squamosal. TUB basitubera. TYM tympanum. Muscles: 2A spinalis capitis. 2B rectus capitis. 3A obliquus capitis. 3B longissimus capitis. 4 transversarius part of longissimus capitis (two divisions in Alligator). 5 depressor mandibulae. 6 longus colli and iliocostalis cervicis-capitis. 7 iliocostalis cervicis .