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Figure 3 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 3—Front and occipital views of the type of Nanotyrannus lancensis. The twisting distortion of the muzzle has been corrected. The right posterior corner of the temporal region has been restored from the left side and the forward compresssion of the quadratojugal has been removed.

Figure 8 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 8—Ventral view of the basicranium of the type of Daspletosaurus torosus. Note the presence of a pair of small, anterior foramina within the central cavity.

Figure 9 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 9—Posterior-ventral views of the braincase in Tyrannosaurus rex and Tarbosaurus (after Maleev, 1974). Note the great breadth between the basitubera.

Figure 1 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 1 —Nanotyrannus, the Cleveland Pygmy Tyrannosaur, shown in scale with an adult Tyrannosaurus rex and with the largest extant terrestrial meateaters, a Siberian tiger and a polar bear. The body frame of Nanotyrannus is taken from the type of Gorgosaurus stembergi, scaled to match the skull size of Nanotyrannus.

Figure 11 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 11—Lateral, dorsal and ventral outlines of the skulls of tyrannosaurs drawn to the same length, except for Alioramus. Deinonychid drawn to the same height as Alioramus, Nanotyrannus and G. stembergi. Jurassic theropods — allosaurs and ceratosaur — drawn to a constant skull depth. The tarbosaur skull is labeled to show the features that distinguish an advanced tyrannosaur from a Jurassic allosaur.

Figure 12 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 12 continued—Two isolated teeth ascribed to Nanotyrannus, uncatalogued, Corson Co., South Dakota, Denver Museum of Natural History. Leftto-right: posterior view, inner (lingual) view, anterior view. Symbols as in previous figure.

Figure 12 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 12—Tyrannosaurid teeth. Left seventh dentary tooth of Tyrannosaurus (AMNH 5027). Left-to-right: crown view, posterior view, outer (buccal) view, anterior view. Cross sections given as indicated by arrows. Single heavy arrow shows termination of serrated keel. Double heavy arrow shows termination of unserrated keel.

Figure 3 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 4 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 4—Ventral views of theropod basicrania, drawn to a common distance of the occipital condyle-to-basipterygoid web. Osteological abbreviations: asc scar ascending muscle scar on the posterior-inner corner of the basituber. basiocc basioccipital. basph basisphenoid. baspt basipterygoid processes, basiph scar oval scar on the basisphenoid boxwork wall, bastub basituber. cav midline ventral cavity in the basisphenoid. con occipital condyle, desc paroc descending ventral root of the paroccipital process, mid scar midline scar on the posterior face of the basisphenoid. pa.wing parietal wing of the occipital plate, ser.rug serrated tendon scar on the outer corner of the parietal wing, sup.cap caps on the supraoccipital wedge, web transverse web of bone between basipterygoid process or basisphenoid processes, wedge supraoccipital wedge.

Figure 2 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 2—Branching diagram of the tyrannosaurids and fheir close allies, with lateral views of the skulls shown in correct stratigraphic sequence. Nodes and the derived characters that define them: 1) Neotheropoda (Late Jurassic- Latest Cretaceous) — premaxillary tooth crowns strongly assymmetrical, with inner (lingual) face nearly flat and outer (buccal) face strongly convex; premax. symphysis U-shaped in dorsal view; intramandibular joint fully developed, with anterior prong of the angular penetrating into the cavity between the dentary and splenial. 2) Ceratosauridae (Late Jurassic) — premaxillary tooth count reduced to three; premaxillary incisors with thick, strong sulci and ridges on the inner face. 3) Advanced neotheropods (Late Jurassic-Latest Cretaceous) — occiput much deeper above the foramen magnum, as seen in posterior view; accessory antorbital fenestra present; posterior shafts of cervical ribs do not overlap one another; presacral column compresssed fore- to-aft relative to femur length; scapula blade very narrow throughout its length. 4) Allosauridae (Late Jurassic) — parocdpital process bent downwards strongly; basituber with a deep notch in the posterior-ventral edge for the ilio-costalis cervicis-capitis muscle; sphenethmoid ossification weak. 5) Very advanced neotheropods (Early Cretaceous-Latest Cretaceous) — ascending process of astragulus very tall, wide transversely and thin front-to-back; nasals narrow. 6) Dromaeosauridae (Early Cretaceous-Latest Cretaceous (Deinonychus) — pubis turned backwards; second hindclaw very large and sickle-shaped; distal half of tail encased within basketwork of bony rods developed from chevrons and prezygapophyses. 7) Tyrannosauroidea (Early Cretaceous-Latest Cretaceous) — paroccipital process very deep top-to-bottom at the root; large excavation around the fenestra ovalis and pneumatization of the paroccipital root. 8) Acrocanthosaurids (Early Cretaceous) — neural spine of cervicals and dorsals elongated. 9) Advanced tvrannosauroids (Late Cretaceous) — occiput deeper above the supraoccipital wedge; metatarsal bundle very long and compressed side-to-side, with strong pinching of the proximal end of metatarsal III. 10) Ornithomimids + troödontids + birds +?oviraptorids (?Latest Jurassic-Latest Cretaceous) — periotic region with large depression and highly pneumatic. 11) Tyrannosauridae (Late Cretaceous) — adductor muscle scar developed forward over the frontals to a position opposite the orbits; squamosal-quadratojugal suture very long, straight and nearly parallel to the long axis of the skull, as seen in side view; supraoccipital ' wedge with two tabs of bone placed in tandem; first maxillary tooth like the four premaxillary teeth; all incisiform teeth very crowded and narrow across buccal face; parietal occipital wings very tall above the supraoccipital; large oval foramen in jugal. 12) Nanotyrannus (Latest Cretaceous, Lanciat Faunal Age) —very wide basicranial boxwork with flat ventral floor; verv wide frontal-orbital region with very narrow snout; parietal wing of occiput with sharp angle between dorsal and lateral edges. 13) Rough-snouted tyrannosaurids (Late Cretaceous) — dorsal surface of nasals very rough, with irregular longitucinal striae and ridges. 14) Daspletosaurus torosus (Late Cretaceous, Judithan Faunal Age) — snout and mandible short front-toback and deep; teeth large and reduced in number; lachrimal horn developed into blunt triangular apex. 15) Tyrannosaurids with anterior pneumatic foramina in basicranial boxwork (Late Cretaceous). 16) Ahoramus (Late Cretaceous, Nemegt Fauna) — multiple oval hornlets on nasals. 17) Massive snouted tyrannosaurids with anterior basicranial foramina (Late Cretaceous) — snouts and mandibles short and deep; tooth count reduced. 18) New genus and species from the Horseshoe Canyon Formation Late Cretaceous) — orbit closed off from below by prong of postorbital. 19) Tyrannosaurids with large anterior foramina. 20) Gorgosaurus (Late Cretaceous, Judithan Faunal Age) — lachrimal horn developed into apex that is directed forward. 21) Tyrannosaurids with large foramina and wide basicrania (Late Cretaceous) — orbit closed off from below by postorbital; lachrimal and postorbital swollen above orbits; lachrimal swollen around pneumatic foramen; maxillary tooth row curved more strongly; maxillary tooth count reduced; mandible deeper; basicranial boxwork wider; first maxillary tooth enlarged. 22) Tarbosaurus (Late Cretaceous, Nemegt Fauna) — tooth crowns swollen and thick for their height. 23) Tyrannosaurus (Latest Cretaceous, Lancian Fauna) — teeth strongly procumbent; mandible very deep; lachrimal and postorbital very swollen above and behind orbit; muscle attachment surface, for anterior pterygoideus, at posterior-dorsal corner of antorbital fenestra eliminated by swelling of lachrimal; pneumatic foramen in lachrimal surrounded by grossly swollen bone; basicranium compressed fore-to-aft and basitubera displaced forward against basipterygoid processes.

Figure 10 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 10—How the head-neck flexure affects the evolution of basitubera. Comparison of the head-neck muscles in: RIGHT — an ostrich, and LEFT — an alligator. A - occipital views of the skull showing muscle attachments. B - partial dissection of the head-neck muscles in lateral and dorsal views. C - sagittal section and lateral outline showing the leverage available; line of action of the outermost fibers of each muscle shown as an arrow; leverage shown as a dotted line passing from line of action to the center of rotation in the occipital condyle. Abbreviations: CON occipital condyle. FM foramen magnum. lv leverage. POP paroccipital process. OCC PLATE occipital plate. Q quadrate. QA articular surface for articular. QJ quadratojugal. RET retroarticular process. SQ squamosal. TUB basitubera. TYM tympanum. Muscles: 2A spinalis capitis. 2B rectus capitis. 3A obliquus capitis. 3B longissimus capitis. 4 transversarius part of longissimus capitis (two divisions in Alligator). 5 depressor mandibulae. 6 longus colli and iliocostalis cervicis-capitis. 7 iliocostalis cervicis .

Figure 3 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

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Nanotyrannus - young T-Rex - Shape- Fix

EDIT 2: Did a new shape fix with less shape deformers than before, with a rectangular bounding box, using only 4 corners at a time to deform it either horizontally or vertically. Only increased the amount of deformer points on the box in order to fix a rotation issue at the tip of the snout. It turned out looking slimmer than the previous model and a whole lot less stretched out of shape and I think it looks much better now. EDIT: With the permission of the original uploader I have made the model free and available for download. The 3D model was originally uploaded in the link below, but I just wanted to see if basically just removing some of the vertical skewing of the piece would make it look better and I think it did: https://sketchfab.com/3d-models/nanotyrannus-lancensis-young-t-rex-7b0967fa27674d959647868686b6717b Besides the shape fix I also scaled it up to about full size, with the limited information I could find on the real skull's size. Source: Objaverse 1.0 / Sketchfab

Plate 4 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Plate 4. Close up of maxilla of Nanotyrannus lancensis, type, CMNH 7541.

Plate 3 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Plate 3. Occipital view of Nanotyrannus lancensis, type, CMNH 7541.

Plate 2 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Plate 2. Dorsal view of Nanotyrannus lancensis, type, CMNH 7541.

Figure 13 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 13—Construction of the intramandibular joint in a primitive neotheropod, Ceratosaurus

Figure 6 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 6—Posterior, ventral, and sagittal cross section of a subadult gorgosaur braincase.

Figure 3 in Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana

Figure 3 continued—Lateral view of skull and ventral view of basicranium of Nanotyrannus lancensis