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FIGURE 1 in The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa

FIGURE 1. Map showing the type locality of C. thorini sp. nov. (red circle), dotted line represents the Great Winterberg– Amatola Mountain range (and potential distribution of the new species), blue lines represent major rivers, colour represents altitudinal gradient. Insert: photo of type locality.

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FIGURE 3 in The King of the Dwarves: a new cryptic species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) from the eastern Great Escarpment of South Africa

FIGURE 3. Cacosternum thorini sp. nov. from Hogsback, South Africa (A—lateral view of male holotype, B—ventral view of male holotype, C—lateral view of female allotype and D—ventral view of female allotype).

FIGURE 1. Family Pyxicephalidae I in Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians

FIGURE 1. Family Pyxicephalidae I: A—Lectotype of Anhydrophryne rattrayi (PEM A6334), B—Lectotype of Arthroleptella bicolor villiersi (PEM A1568), C—Holotype of Arthroleptella drewesii (PEM A2319), D—Holotype of Arthroleptella landdrosia (PEM A7123).

FIGURE 5. Family Pyxicephalidae II in Type specimens in the Port Elizabeth Museum, South Africa, including the historically important Albany Museum collection. Part 1: Amphibians

FIGURE 5. Family Pyxicephalidae II: A—Holotype of Cacosternum thorini (PEM A10091), B—Holotype of Cacosternum karooicum (PEM A5459), C—Holotype of Poyntonia paludicola (PEM A1600), D—Lectotype of Natalobatrachus bonebergi (PEM A1549), E—Lectotype of Cacosternum capense (PEM A4963).

FIGURE 2 in The Maluti Mystery revisited: Taxonomy of African River Frogs (Pyxicephalidae, Amietia) on the Drakensberg Mountains in southern Africa

FIGURE 2. (A) The type of Rana hymenopus Boulenger, 1920. NHMUK 1947.2.28.65, (B) the type of Rana draconensis FitzSimons, 1948. NMSA 734 and (C) the type of Phrynobatrachus lawrencei FitzSimons, 1947. NMSA 669. All are Phofung River frogs.

FIGURE 1. A in The Maluti Mystery revisited: Taxonomy of African River Frogs (Pyxicephalidae, Amietia) on the Drakensberg Mountains in southern Africa

FIGURE 1. A) A large (>100 mm) Maluti River Frog, Sani Pass, Lesotho. B) An adult Phofung River Frog, (±50 mm) Ribbon Falls, Lesotho. Photo L.H. du Preez.

FIGURE 3 in The Maluti Mystery revisited: Taxonomy of African River Frogs (Pyxicephalidae, Amietia) on the Drakensberg Mountains in southern Africa

FIGURE 3. Type of Rana vertebralis Hewitt, 1927, PEM A1550. Comparison of Plate 24, Figure 2 of Hewitt (1927) (A) with the specimen today (B) showing the extent of webbing.

FIGURE 1 in The status of Tomopterna pulchra Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pyxicephalidae)

FIGURE 1. Divergence estimation of single representatives of all Tomopterna species, using 16S rRNA sequences. Ages in Mya.

FIGURE 3 in The status of Tomopterna pulchra Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pyxicephalidae)

FIGURE 3. Map of absence/presence of vertebral stripe distribution. White circles—no vertebral stripe, grey circles—vertebral stripe present.

FIGURE 2. A in The status of Tomopterna pulchra Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pyxicephalidae)

FIGURE 2. A–Tomopterna tuberculosa (Boulenger, 1882), illustration of the type by Ģnther (1865); C–A typical T. tuberculosa morph (PEM A15131) from Ongongo, Namibia (Photo A. Channing).; E–A brown T. tuberculosa morph (PEM A15137) from Dumbo, Angola (Photo A. Channing). B–preserved Tomopterna pulchra (Boulenger, 1896) (PEM A15100) from Muso Hills, Zambia (Photo A. Channing); D–PEM A15100 in life (Photo F. Willems); F–Specimen (PEM A15134) from Iringa, Tanzania (Photo A. Channing).

FIGURE 4 in The status of Tomopterna pulchra Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pyxicephalidae)

FIGURE 4. Sound spectrograms of typical advertisement calls of A–Tomopterna tuberculosa (Ongongo, Namibia) and B–Tomopterna pulchra Muso Hills, Zambia.

FIGURE 7 in The status of Tomopterna pulchra Boulenger, 1896 (Anura: Pyxicephalidae)

FIGURE 7. Distribution of genetically confirmed records of T. tuberculosa (blue circles) and T. pulchra (red squares). Type localities indicated by stars. Arid corridor indicated by a dashed line.

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FIGURE 7 in A new sand frog from Namaqualand, South Africa (Pyxicephalidae: Tomopterna)

FIGURE 7. Localities where Tomopterna branchi has been collected or observed (green squares). Buffels River drainage shown in blue, N7 National Road shown as a broken red line.

FIGURE 11 in A new species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) and the first endemic anuran to the Cederberg region of South Africa

FIGURE 11. Habitat of C. cederbergense sp. nov. a–b) typical breeding habitat consisting of small rock pools with high walls and overhangs, c) a collection of pools at the Hollanders locality, only certain pools are used for breeding, d) a large boulder complex near Bushman's Cave Bergteater with several breeding pools on top, raised several meters above the ground and scalable only by climbing vertical faces.

FIGURE 10 in A new species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) and the first endemic anuran to the Cederberg region of South Africa

FIGURE 10. Diagram of a) the right hand of C. cederbergense sp. nov. holotype male (PEM A15391) in breeding condition, and b) the right hand of a paratype female (PEM A15288). Abbreviations: P = palmar tubercle, T = thenar tubercle, np = nuptial pad, sn = supernumerary tubercles, st = subarticular tubercle.

FIGURE 8 in A new species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) and the first endemic anuran to the Cederberg region of South Africa

FIGURE 8. Males in breeding condition: a) Cacosternum cederbergense sp. nov. (PEM A15293) from the northern Cederberg, b) C. capense from Hermon, Swartland District, c) C. namaquense from Kamieskroon, Namaqualand, and d) C. karooicum from Vrolijkheid Nature Reserve in the Breede River Valley. Only the C. cederbergense sp. nov. individual was collected as a voucher.

FIGURE 9 in A new species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) and the first endemic anuran to the Cederberg region of South Africa

FIGURE 9. Spectrograms of advertisement calls for a) Cacosternum cederbergense sp. nov., b) C. capense, c) C. namaquense, and d) C. karooicum produced using the seewave package in R statistical environment.

FIGURE 7 in A new species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) and the first endemic anuran to the Cederberg region of South Africa

FIGURE 7. Five specimens from the paratype series of Cacosternum cederbergense sp. nov.; a) PEM A15293 (male), b) PEM A15292 (male), c) PEM A15289 (female), and d) PEM A15287 (female).

FIGURE 6 in A new species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) and the first endemic anuran to the Cederberg region of South Africa

FIGURE 6. Holotype of Cacosternum cederbergense sp. nov. (PEM A15391) from the eastern end of Pakhuis Pass in the northern Cederberg, Western Cape, South Africa: a) lateral, b) ventral, and a) dorsal view.

FIGURE 5. a in A new species of Dainty Frog (Anura: Pyxicephalidae: Cacosternum) and the first endemic anuran to the Cederberg region of South Africa

FIGURE 5. a) Composite map showing the SDM for each species in the C. capense group as indicated in the legend, where darker colours represent areas with a higher presence probability. b) The northern Cederberg, containing the predicted range of C. cederbergense sp. nov. and the known records (stars).