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Fig. 16 a, b, m, n in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 16 a, b, m, n - Novixitus quadripartitus Dumitrică n. sp.: a - holotype, OZ836. b - paratype, OZ834. c?, g-i, k, l, - Novixitus robustus Wu, OZ825. d - Pseudoxitus wui Dumitrică n. sp., holotype, OZ836. e - Xitus vermiculatus (Renz), OZ838. f, j - Pseudoxitus laguncula Dumitrică, OZ836. i - OZ836, k - basal view, OZ839. All figures x250.

Fig. 15 a in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 15 a - Pseudodictyomitra nodocostata Dumitrică, OZ839. b-e - Tethysetta usotanensis (Tumanda): b - OZ837, c, d - OZ836, c1 - details of pore morphology, e - OZ838. f-h - Tethysetta reducta Dumitrică n. sp.: f - OZ836, g - OZ839, h - OZ834. i - Tethysetta ovoidala Dumitrică, OZ836, i1 - details of pore morphology. j-l - Tethysetta cingulifera Dumitrică: j - OZ838, k, l - OZ839. m - Favosyringium affine (Rüst), OZ834. n - Favosyringium cf. affine (Rüst), fragment of shell, OZ836. o - Favosyringium quadriaculeatum Steiger, fragment of shell, OZ838. p-t - Pseudoxitus seriola Dumitrică: p - OZ839, r-t - OZ836. Figs. a-I, m-t x250, figs. j-l x300.

Fig. 11 a-b1 in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 11 a-b1 - Hiscocapsa grutterinki (Tan): a, OZ834, b, OZ839. c, c1, d, g - Hiscocapsa (?) ventriosa Dumitrică n. sp.: b, OZ839, c, OZ836, c1, aperture, g - complete specimen, V40, Svinița, Romania. e - Doliocapsa utoi Dumitrică n. sp., OZ824. f, f1, h, h1 - Hiscocapsa rugosacutis Dumitrică n. sp., OZ826. i-i1 - Hiscocapsa aitai Dumitrică n. sp., OZ824. p, s -Hiscocapsa lagunculoides Dumitrică n. sp., OZ834, OZ838; p1, s1- distal apertures of both specimens. j - Squinabollum cf. elegans Dumitrică n. sp., OZ826. k, k1 - Doliocapsa weisserti Dumitrică n. sp., OZ834. l - Hiscocapsa tuberculata Dumitrică n. sp., OZ826. m, m1, n - Doliocapsa erbae Dumitrică n. sp., OZ834. o – Doliocapsa favopora Dumitrică n. sp., OZ834. r - Doliocapsa mediterranea Dumitrică n. sp., OZ834. Figs. a-d, j x250; figs. c1, e, e1, f, f1, g, h, i, i1, k, k1, l, p, r x300, m-o, p1 x400.

Fig. 14 a in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 14 a - Archaeodictyomitra conicoscalaris Dumitrică n. sp., OZ839. b, f - Archaeodictyomitra humerosa Dumitrică n. sp.: b - OZ834, f - OZ824. c - Archaeodictyomitra pumila Dumitrică n. sp., OZ834. d, e - Archaeodictyomitra conica (Aliev), OZ824. g - Thanarla cf. pulchra (Squinabol), OZ825. h - Thanarla pulchra (Squinabol), OZ839. i, j – Mictyoditra thiensis (Tan), OZ836. k - Archaeodictyomitra excellens (Tan), OZ839. l - Archaeodictyomitra sp., OZ836. m, n - Loopus nudus (Schaaf): m - OZ838, n - OZ834. o - Loopus cf. primitivus (Matsuoka & Yao), OZ834. p, p1, p2 - Svinitzium depressum (Baumgartner), p1, p2 - details of penultimate segmental band showing relic pores of parvicingulid type or other types, OZ824. Figs. r, t - Svinitzium (?) irregulare Dumitrică n. sp.: r - OZ 836, t - OZ834. s, u - Pseudodictyomitra cf. carpatica (Lozynyak): s - OZ834, u - OZ 824. Figs. b, n x250, the others x300.

Fig. 3 in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 3 Stratigraphic log of the Valanginian succession in the S'Ozzastru section. Numbers refer to the sampled horizons.

Fig. 8. a in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 8. a - Becus coronatus Dumitrică n. sp., OZ839. b-f1, j - Becus triangulocentrum Dumitrică, b - OZ836; c - same, lateral view, d - OZ836. e, f - OZ825, f1 - lateral view of fig. f. g - Alievium regulare (Wu & Li), OZ836. h, i, k, l - Alievium rotundum Dumitrică n. sp.: h, specimen destroyed showing internal structure, OZ836; i - OZ836, k, l - holotype, OZ834. m - Alievium incomptum Dumitrică n. sp., OZ836. n - Godia (?) lenticulata Dumitrică n. sp., OZ834. o - Godia (?) lens Dumitrică n. sp., OZ825. p - Alievium eurasicum Dumitrică n. sp., OZ825. r - Microsandwichia plana (Hori), OZ834. s, t - Spumellarian gen. et sp. indet., OZ834. figs. c, e-h, k, m, r, t x250, figs. a, b, d, i, j, l, p, s x300; figs. n, o, t x400.

Fig. 4 in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 4 Ammonites from the lower Upper Valanginian (Verrucosum Zone) (Siniscola Marl, S'Ozzastru area). a, c, d - Neocomites platycostatus Sayn, 1907 (MGP-PD 31531, 31534). b, e, f- Neocomites neocomiensis (d'Orbigny, 1841) (MGPPD 31532, 31535, 31533). The specimens are housed and catalogued in the Geological and Palaeontological Museum of the Padova University (MGP-PD). (From Bottini et al., 2018).

Fig. 13 a, b in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 13 a, b - Apiaromitra apiarium (Rüst): a - OZ836, b - OZ839, a1 - detail of ornamentation of last segment, b1 - detail of ornamentation of penultimate segment. c - Archaeodictyomitra robustovum Dumitrică n. sp., OZ837. d - Archaeodictyomitra sp., OZ839. e, f - Archaeodictyomitra mitra Dumitrică: e - OZ838, f - OZ824. g-k - Archaeodictyomitra massarii Dumitrică n. sp.: g - OZ834, g1 - detail of surface x1000. h - OZ834, i - OZ839, j - OZ834, k - OZ839; k1 - detail of wall showing the cavernous structure, k2 - detail of surface. l, p - Archaeodictyomitra longipora Dumitrică n. sp., OZ836; l - portion of surface of p much magnified showing the elevated intercostal area. m - Apiaromitra tyaughtonensis (Cordey), OZ837. n, t - Archaeodictyomitra dienii Dumitrică n. sp.: n - OZ836, t - OZ837. o - Thanarla cf. pulchra (Squinabol), OZ824. r - Archaeodictyomitra judae Dumitrica n. sp., OZ839. s - Archaeodictyomitra humerosa Dumitrică n. sp., OZ839. Figs. a, b x250, k1 and k2 x450, all the others x300.

Fig. 12 b in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 12 b - Crococapsa cf. horokanaiensis (Kawabata), OZ834. a, c, d - Crococapsa zweilii (Jud): a, OZ826; c, OZ836; d, OZ825. e-h - Crococapsa uterculus (Parona): e, f, h - OZ834, g - OZ825. i-o - Ocellicapsa ruthae Dumitrică n. sp.: i - OZ837, j - OZ837, k - OZ836, i - OZ834, m - OZ824, n - OZ838, n1 - detail of cephalothoracic body, arrow shows the place of very small pores at the boundary between the two parts of cephalic cavity, o - OZ825. p, r, t, v - Squinabolum elegans Dumitrică n. sp.: p - OZ824, r - OZ826, t - OZ836, s - Amphipyndax zyabrevi Dumitrică n. sp. - OZ825. u - Campanomitra pulchella (Rüst), OZ836. v - OZ834. w, x - Archaeodictyomitra inflata Dumitrică n. sp.: w - OZ839, x - OZ834. Figs. a, c-h, u x250, all the others x300.

Fig. 10 a-c1 in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 10 a-c1 - Hemicryptocapsa (?) bellireticulum (Wu & Li): a - OZ825, b - OZ836. c - OZ838, c1 - OZ824. d-f, j-j2 - Williriedellum labeosum Dumitrică n. sp.: d, e, j-j2, OZ837, f - OZ834. g, g1 - Cryptamphorella circumthoracica Dumitrică n. sp., OZ838; g1 - view of apical part. h, k-o – Cryptamphorella dumitricai Schaaf: h - detail of sutural pore, k - OZ825, l - OZ 824, m - OZ838, n-o, OZ839. i, i1- Williriedellum gilkei Dumitrică, OZ838. p - Zhamoidellum ovum Dumitrică, OZ839. r - Williriedellum cordiforme Dumitrică n. sp., OZ837. s, s1 - Williriedellum occultithorax Dumitrică n. sp. in lateral and obliquely apical views, OZ826. t-t2 – Cryptamphorella crassilabrosa Dumitrică n. sp., OZ837: t, t1 - holotype in two positions, t2 – sutural pore much magnified showing inside the wall of the hidden thorax. Figs. a-f, i, h, k-o, r x250; g, gi, h, t, t1 x300.

Fig. 9 a, b in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 9 a, b - Eucyrtidiellum sardoum Dumitrică n. sp.: a, a1 - holotype, OZ836; b - paratype, OZ839. c-e, g - Hemicryptocapsa capita Tan: c - OZ838, d - OZ824, e - OZ837, g - OZ839. f-f2 - Gongylothorax oculoporus Dumitrică n. sp.: OZ824 and OZ826. h – Gongylothorax (?) sp., OZ834. i-i2 – Gongylothorax verbeeki (Tan), OZ824; i1, i2 - details of apical and apertural parts. j, j1, j2 - Williriedellum buekkense (Kozur), OZ824: j – lateral view, j1 – apical view with sutural pore, jb – distal view. k – Arcanicapsa simplicissima Dumitrică n. sp., OZ836, k1 – distal view showing the apical rosette. l-o, t, t1, u - Kozurium hindei (Tan): l, l1 - OZ837, m - OZ839, n - OZ834, o - OZ836, t-t1 x300, OZ825, n1 – distal aperture of fig. 9n. p-s1 - Cryptamphorella alieviana Dumitrică n. sp.: p, s - OZ825, r - OZ837, s1 detail of test of fig. s. Figs. p-s x200; figs. c-e, g x250; figs. a, a1, b, f, f2, h, h1, i, k-o, t, t1, x300; i1, i2, m x400.

Fig. 6 in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 6 Radiolarians illustrated by Dieni & Massari, 1991 in their Fig. 23c-i which correspond to the letters from that article: c - Favosyringium affine (Rüst), d - Pseudoxitus seriola - Dumitrică, e - Williriedellum peterschmittae Schaaf, f - Cryptamphorella Dumitricăi Schaaf, g – Ristola nakatonbetsensis Tumanda, h - Crococapsa zweili (Jud), i - Cryptamphorella circumthoracica Dumitrică n. sp., Fig. c x200, figs. d-i x250.

Fig. 5 a in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 5 a - Bio-chrono-magnetostratigraphic scheme of the Valanginian-early Hauterivian interval modified from Channell et al. (1995) and Weissert & Erba (2004). Numerical ages are based on time scales of Malinverno et al. (2012). Simplified C isotopic curve is after Weissert et al. (2008). Calcareous nannofossil zones after Bralower et al. (1995); b - Synthesis of S'Ozzastru section stratigraphic dataset (from Bottini et al., 2018). Note that the Campylotoxus Zone auctt. corresponds to the Inostranzewi Zone of Reboulet et al. (2014) and the "Nannoconid decline" is sensu Erba & Tremolada (2004).

Fig. 2 Geological section across the S in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 2 Geological section across the S'Ozzastru area (trace A-A' in the geological map of Fig. 1). Legend: a - Recent and present alluvial deposits (Holocene). b - Cuccuru 'e Flores Conglomerate: sandstone and breccia (middle Eocene). c - Siniscola Marl: marl (1) and marly limestone (2) (late Valanginian). d - Schiriddè Limestone: cherty limestone (early Valanginian). e - Monte Bardia Limestone: limestone (early Tithonian - late Berriasian). f - S'Adde Limestone: limestone and cherty limestone (latest Bathonian - earliest Tithonian). g - Dorgali Formation: dolostone (middle-late Bathonian). h - Metamorphic basement (Palaeozoic). i - Fault (modified from Bottini et al., 2018).

Fig. 1 in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 1 Geologic map of the Siniscola area, NE Sardinia (from Dieni & Massari, 1971, updated in 1986). Legend: a - Recent and present alluvial deposits (Holocene). b - Scree deposits (Würm-Holocene). c - Detrital cones mostly composed of gelifraction limestone clasts ("éboulis ordonnés") (Würm-Holocene). d - Uncemented alluvial cones mostly consisting of limestone clasts (Würm-Holocene). e - Terraced alluvial deposits composed of clasts of basement rocks (Riss?). f - Tightly cemented and dismembered alluvial cones mostly made up of gelifraction limestone clasts (Riss?). g - Cuccuru 'e Flores Conglomerate: polymict, chaotic and thick-bedded breccia and stratified sandstone (middle Eocene). h - Siniscola Marl: grey and grey-yellow marl and, in the upper part, alternating marl/marly limestone with ammonites and very abundant radiolarians and sponge spicules (late Valanginian). i - Schiriddè Limestone: light-brown cherty limestone and limestone with marly interbeds, containing ammonites, radiolarians, sponge spicules and calpionellids (early Valanginian). j - Monte Bardia Limestone: thick-bedded to massive white limestone in places bioconstructed, with corals, nerineids, etc. (early Tithonian - late Berriasian). k - S'Adde Limestone: light-brown to grey fine-grained, well-bedded limestone, condensed with hardgrounds near the base, cherty in the upper part, with ammonites and belemnites in the uppermost part (latest Bathonian - earliest Tithonian). l - Dorgali Formation: well bedded quartz-arenitic and locally ooidal brown dolostone (middle-late Bathonian). m - Crystalline basement (phyllite, micaschist, paragneiss, quartzite, etc.) (Palaeozoic). n - Fault. o - Attitude of beds and schistosity planes. p - Limits of slumped masses of Jurassic formations (Quaternary). q - Concave-upward slip surfaces delimiting rotational slumps (Quaternary). r - Edge of fluvial terrace. s - Quarry. A-A' Trace of the geological section of Fig. 2. (extracted from Bottini et al., 2018).

Fig. 7 a in Valanginian Radiolarians Of Ne Sardinia (Italy) In The Frame Of The Weissert Event

Fig. 7 a - Praeconosphaera sphaeroconus (Rüst OZ826. b-d - Praeconosphaera antiqua (Parona): b - OZ834, c - OZ838, d - OZ825. e - Tritrabs ewingi (Pessagno), arm in lateral view, OZ836. f-h - Emiluvia chica Foreman, OZ836; f - face view, g - lateral view from a spine, h - lateral view of a broken specimen showing the medullary test. i - Pantanellium sp. 1, OZ825. j, l-n1 - Pantanellium squinabolli (Tan): j - OZ834; l, m - OZ834, n - OZ836; m1, n1, details of inner wall of pores. k - Pantanellium sp. 2, OZ834. o – Pantanellium cf. squinaboli (Tan), OZ836; p - Praeconocaryomma copiosa Wu, OZ836. r - Praeconocaryomma thurowi Dumitrică n. sp., OZ836. s, t - Triactoma tithonianum Rüst, side views; s - OZ834, broken off specimen showing medullary shell; t - OZ825, equatorial view, t1 – face view; s1, t2 - detail of the base of spines of figs. s and t, respectively, x800. Figs. a-h, l-n x200; i-k, o-r x300; s, t x400, m1, n1 x500.

Fig. 12 in Siliceous biota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonian biotic crisis: The Polish reference

Fig. 12. Hexactinellid and demosponge spicules from the Kowala Quarry, set H−3, earliest Famennian, sample Kw−156, all × 38. A, B, E. Anchoring spicules of hexactinellids. C, D, F–H.?Dermal pentactines. I. Hexactine. J. Undetermined demosponge spicule. All SEM micrographs.

Fig. 11 in Siliceous biota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonian biotic crisis: The Polish reference

Fig. 11. Demosponge (including lithistid) and hexactinelid spicules from Kowala Quarry, set H−2, late Frasnian, sample Ky−3. A, B. Strongyloxeas, × 70. C. Strongyl, × 70. D. Stauractin, × 54. E. Pentactine, × 36. F, J, M. Desmas (dendroclones) of antahspidellid lithistids, × 70. G. Tetraxon, × 70. H. Tetraxon, × 54. I. Hexactine, × 36. K, L. Fragments of astylospongiid lithistid skeleton, × 27 All SEM micrographs.

Fig. 10 in Siliceous biota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonian biotic crisis: The Polish reference

Fig. 10. Hexactinellid and lithistid spicules from Kowala Quarry, set H−2, late Frasnian. A, H, E. Hexactines (A × 43; H × 49; E × 75). B.?Stauractine, × 21. G. Dermal pentactine, × 64. I. fragments of fused skeleton of hexactinosan sponge, × 21. J. Fragment of fused skeleton of astylospongiid lithistid, × 32. C, D, F. dermal spicules (strongly modified pentatcines) of docodermatid hexactinellid. (D × 13; C × 15; F × 17). All SEM micrographs.

Fig. 8. Entactiniid radiolarians from the Kowala Quarry, set H−4 in Siliceous biota (radiolarians and sponges) and the Late Devonian biotic crisis: The Polish reference

Fig. 8. Entactiniid radiolarians from the Kowala Quarry, set H−4, early Famennian (Pa. crepida Zone), sample KM−1, all × 75. A–E. Haplentactinia aff. flagelifera. F. Polyentactinia cf. rudihispida. All SEM micrographs.